The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB),
Halyomorpha halys
(Stål), is an invasive pentatomid introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile. In 2010, BMSB ...populations in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels and subsequent feeding severely damaged tree fruit as well as other crops. Significant nuisance issues from adults overwintering inside homes were common. BMSB is a highly polyphagous species with a strong dispersal capacity and high reproductive output, potentially enabling its spread and success in invaded regions. A greater understanding of BMSB biology and ecology and its natural enemies, the identification of the male-produced aggregation pheromone, and the recognition that BMSB disperses into crops from adjacent wooded habitats have led to the development of behavior-based integrated pest management (IPM) tactics. Much is still unknown about BMSB, and continued long-term collaborative studies are necessary to refine crop-specific IPM programs and enhance biological control across invaded landscapes.
Smeđa mramorasta stjenica relativno je novi član Hrvatske entomofaune čija se biologija i ekologija još uvijek istražuje. Vrsta je poznata po polifagnosti, a zabilježena štetnost u uzgoju ratarskih, ...povrtlarskih te voćnih vrsta diljem svijeta dokaz je njezine invazivnosti. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi spolni dimorfizam vrste Halyomorpha halys na temelju fenotipskih karakteristika s dorzalne i ventralne strane tijela. Od svakog spola izdvojeno je 60 primjeraka stjenice. Svaka jedinka fotografirana je digitalnom kamerom s dorzalne i ventralne strane tijela, a zatim su im uklonjeni, preparirani i fotografirani prednji i stražnji par krila. Na temelju fotografija dorzalne strane tijela mjerene su vrijednosti duljine tijela, širine pronotuma, površine tijela te površine prednjeg i stražnjeg para krila. Razlike na ventralnoj strani tijela utvrđivane su vizualnim pregledom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se mužjaci i ženke značajno razlikuju u svim mjerenim vrijednostima, a spolni dimorfizam u veličini tijela kretao se u korist ženki. Navedene karakteristike (veća i snažnija građa tijela a posebice krila) čine ženke pogodnijim spolom za migratorne letove a time i odgovornim za brzo širenje populacije na nova područja. Razlike između spolova zabilježene su i u obojenosti s ventralne strane tijela. Kod mužjaka je crvena pigmentacija sternuma bila značajno više izražena u odnosu na ženke što je dodatna potvrda spolnog dimorfizma vrste u obojenosti tijela.
•Trissolcus japonicus is being released for control of the invasive Halyomorpha halys.•Even low concentration of pesticide can alter exotic parasitoid foraging behaviour.•Neonicotinoid negatively ...affects the parasitoid walking kinetics on host traces.•Exposition to neonicotinoid does not alter ability to learn but memory retention.
While foraging in agricultural habitats, natural enemies, such as egg parasitoids, may encounter insecticide residues, which, if not lethal, can alter host location behaviour and learning capacity. Such interference can reduce the potential of biological control agents, especially exotic species which are released in small numbers in a new environment and first need to establish and build up their populations. Several studies have investigated the lethal effects of pesticides on parasitoids, but less information is available about non-lethal consequences, and no information is available on the potential effect on associative learning in egg parasitoids. The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmed) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a biological control agent of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). We hypothesised that a low concentration (causing 20 % parasitoid mortality) of a commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide (acetamiprid) alters the behaviour and learning capacity of T. japonicus to exploit the chemical traces left by reproductive females of either the main host, H. halys, or of an alternative host, Arma custos (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). In open arena bioassays, parasitoid females responded positively to traces left by both stink bug species. Following oviposition experience and encounter with host traces (associative learning), T. japonicus reduced foraging time. Parasitoids previously exposed to neonicotinoid showed changes in foraging behaviour, with increased residence time spent in the host-contaminated area and altered kinetics of the walking behaviour. Neonicotinoid exposition did not affect the learning ability of parasitoid females 1 h after oviposition experience but prolonged the memory retention. The insecticide effects on female parasitoid behaviour may affect its reproductive ability and this should be considered when attempting its establishment in the introduction areas.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Stal, 1855) is an invasive, highly polyphagous, severe agricultural pest, that reduces the availability, quality, and ...value of hazelnut production. The most important method against H. halys is the use of resistant hazelnut varieties. The purpose of our work is to investigate the potential of hazelnut resistance to H. halys. Research objects are Georgian commercial varieties Berdznula (Corylus avellana) and Tita (Corylus pontica) in the condition of West Georgia. Hazelnut fruit shell thickness, qualitative and quantitative lignin contents and H. halys stylet length were determined by microscopic and biochemical methods, also H. halys and nut phenologies, and the degree of nut damage were evaluated according to the number of healthy kernels. It was demonstrated that overwintered insects and individuals of all ages of the first- and second-generation damage hazelnut fruit before the shell ripens, which is synchronized with the early stages of hazelnut fruit development. H. halys cannot damage the fruit after lignification of the pericarp. Lignin content and damage intensity are inversely proportional to each other according to Pearson's correlation. Hazelnut resistance depends on the synchronous development of H. halys and hazelnut phenopases, and also on the time and quantity of lignin biosynthesis in hazelnut pericarp. According to the above-mentioned resistance markers, Berdznula is more resistant than Tita. Research results contribute to maintaining a healthy environment, sustainable crop production, and food security.
Since the first occurrence of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Italy in 2012, the pest has spread in the Po Valley causing severe damage in summer 2015, particularly in pear orchards. ...At present, populations of H. halys have been reported in the regions of Emilia‐Romagna (Modena, Reggio Emilia and Bologna provinces), Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto and Friuli. The damage caused by H. halys is typical of pentatomids and is aggravated by the pest's polyphagy and by the behaviour of adults which move continuously from plant to plant, from hedges or herbaceous crops to fruit orchards. The unpredictability of H. halys’ movements, along with the effect of the aggregating pheromone that concentrates the pest in certain areas of the orchards, therefore making chemical spraying complicated.
Distribution et impacts causés par Halyomorpha halys en Italie
Depuis la première détection de Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) en Italie en 2012, le ravageur s'est dispersé dans la plaine du Pô causant de nombreux dégâts, particulièrement sur poire, pendant l’été 2015. A présent, la punaise diabolique a été signalée dans les régions d'Emilia‐Romagna (provinces de Modena, de Reggio Emilia, et de Bologna), du Piedmont, de la Lombardia, de la Veneto, et du Friuli. Les dégâts causés par H. halys sont typiquement ceux d'un pentatomidé, et sont aggravés par la polyphagie de ce ravageur et le comportement des adultes qui se déplacent continuellement de plantes en plantes, depuis les haies et plantes herbacées, jusqu'aux vergers. L'impossibilité de prédire les mouvements d’H. halys, au même titre que les effets de leurs phéromones d'agrégation, concentre ce ravageur dans certaines zones des vergers, ce qui compliquent l'application de traitements phytosanitaires.
Pacпpocтpaнeннocть Halyomorpha halys в Итaлии и вызывaeмый eю yщepб
Haчинaя c пepвoй peгиcтpaции Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) в Итaлии в 2012 г. этoт вpeдный opгaнизм pacпpocтpaнилcя в дoлинe peки Пo, пpичиняя cepьeзный yщepб, ocoбeннo нa гpyшe, лeтoм 2015 г. B нacтoящee вpeмя пoпyляции этoгo вoнючeгo мpaмopнoгo клoпa были oтмeчeны в Эмилии‐Poмaньe (в пpoвинцияx Moдeнa, Peджиo‐Эмилия и Бoлoньe), в oблacтяx Пьeмoнт, Лoмбapдия, Beнeция и Фpиyли. Ущepб, нaнocимый H. halys, типичeн для пeнтaтoмид, oднaкo oн ycyгyблялcя мнoгoяднocтью вpeдитeля и пoвeдeниeм взpocлыx ocoбeй, кoтopыe нeпpepывнo пepeмeщaютcя oт pacтeния к pacтeнию c живыx изгopoдeй или тpaвяныx кyльтyp к плoдoвым caдaм. Heпpeдcкaзyeмocть пepeмeщeний H. halys в coчeтaнии c эффeктoм aгpeгиpyющeгo фepoмoнa, кoтopый oни иcпycкaют, пpивoдят к cocpeдoтoчeнию этoгo вpeднoгo opгaнизмa в oпpeдeлeнныx зoнax плoдoвыx caдoв, чтo ocлoжняeт xимичecкoe oпpыcкивaниe.
The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) is one of the main insect pest species causing economic damage to several agricultural commodities worldwide and one of the worst threats to tree ...fruit crops in northern Italy, especially in the Emilia-Romagna region. Previous efforts in implementing H. halys surveillance at the regional level were mainly focused on studying the H. halys phenology, but they were not designed to provide a public service. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to support the application of Integrated Pest Management strategies against H. halys. The proposal is based on the experience of a three-year project in which a network of monitoring traps has been deployed throughout the whole Emilia-Romagna region and a data platform has been implemented to enable the real-time tracking of H. halys occurrence and distribution, integrating these information with multiple data sources, and analytical capabilities through a public website. Besides the real-time pest surveillance, the data platform allowed us to increase our understanding about H. halys seasonal invasion dynamics and the main factors contributing to its spread. The results will help individual growers in protecting their crops and the whole region in promoting more efficient usage of insecticides and more sustainable and healthy agricultural productions.
•The presented data-driven approach is based on the experience of a threeyear project•A standardized monitoring method of H. halys in Emilia-Romagna is presented•Integration and analysis of data from many sources are supported by a data platform•Resources are publicly available to support sustainable crop management strategies•The principal factors that determine H. halys presence are investigated
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•Females only provided with honey water lived on average 97.5 days.•Mean potential lifetime fecundity of A. bifasciatus was 52 eggs.•Anastatus bifasciatus has three overlapping ...generations per year in Switzerland.•Number of eggs killed by either oviposition or host feeding was nearly the same.•Eggs stored up to 24 months at −80 °C were still suitable for parasitoid development.
Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) is the most widespread native egg parasitoid of the invasive agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in Europe and considered as promising candidate for augmentative biological control. In this context, the parasitoid’s reproductive parameters, longevity, phenology, and temperature requirements for development were studied. In addition, the potential of using stored frozen H. halys eggs for mass production was investigated. In northwestern Switzerland, A. bifasciatus was able to complete three overlapping generations between June and October, which covers the entire oviposition period of its host. After an average pre-oviposition period of 11.9 days the mean potential lifetime fecundity of A. bifasciatus females was 52 eggs over an average oviposition period of 46 days. The number of H. halys eggs killed by either oviposition or host feeding was nearly the same. Females provided only with honey water lived on average 97.5 days. Development from egg to adult was possible from 15 °C to 32 °C, the lowest developmental time (15.9 days) being at 30 °C. Halyomorpha halys eggs of all ages yielded parasitoid offspring, but offspring emergence decreased with increasing age. Eggs stored up to 24 months at −80 °C were still suitable for parasitoid development. The wealth of information obtained on the life history of A. bifasciatus should be highly relevant to develop a release strategy of this parasitoid against its host, H. halys.
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