Why do states persist in using force to enhance their deterrent posture, even though it is not clear that it is effective? This book develops an innovative framework to answer this question, viewing ...deterrence as an idea. This allows the author to explain how countries institutionalize deterrence strategy, and how this internalization affects policy. He argues that the US and Israel have both internalized deterrence ideas and become attached to these practices. For them, deterrence is not just a means to advance 'physical' security, but it constitutes their very selves as deterring actors. As a result, being unable to deter becomes a threat to their identity, evoking strong emotional responses. In recognizing these dynamics, the book provides a fresh perspective on the US war in Iraq (2003) and the Israeli war in Lebanon (2006), both of which can be seen as attempts to repair each country's shaken sense of self.
James Ron uses controversial comparisons between Serbia and Israel to present a novel theory of state violence. Formerly a research consultant to Human Rights Watch and the International Red Cross, ...Ron witnessed remarkably different patterns of state coercion.Frontiers and Ghettospresents an institutional approach to state violence, drawing on Ron's field research in the Middle East, Balkans, Chechnya, Turkey, and Africa, as well as dozens of rare interviews with military veterans, officials, and political activists on all sides. Studying violence from the ground up, the book develops an exciting new framework for analyzing today's nationalist wars.
With more than 250 cross-referenced entries covering every aspect of conflict in the Holy Land, this illuminating book will help students understand the volatile history of Palestine and Israel and ...its impact on the rest of the world. Palestine is considered a sacred land by Christians, Jews, and Muslims. This has contributed to the violence that has ravaged the Holy Land throughout its long history. This A–Z reference work, which defines the Holy Land as historic Palestine (the combined territories of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip), covers such ancient conflicts as Egypt's rule over Canaan, the reign of King David, and the Jewish Revolts against the Roman Empire. In addition, the title includes detailed entries on such medieval conflicts as the Crusades and such contemporary conflicts as the Arab-Israeli wars. The reference begins with an introduction that provides readers with the necessary context to understand the region's bloody history and a comprehensive chronology that will help students construct a more complete picture of conflict in the Holy Land. Then come hundreds of key entries on the events, individuals, groups, places, and ideologies that have played an important role in the strife there. The title concludes with an expansive bibliography that will aid students looking to do more research on the topic and a thorough index.
The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the world's most polarizing confrontations. Its current phase, Israel's "temporary" occupation of the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem, turns a half century ...old in June 2017. This book shows what is the occupation, why has it lasted so long, and how has it transformed the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
In this era of superheated rhetoric and vitriolic exchanges between the leaders of Iran and Israel, the threat of nuclear violence looms. But the real roots of the enmity between the two nations ...mystify Washington policymakers, and no promising pathways to peace have emerged. This book traces the shifting relations among Israel, Iran, and the United States from 1948 to the present, uncovering for the first time the details of secret alliances, treacherous acts, and unsavory political maneuverings that have undermined Middle Eastern stability and disrupted U.S. foreign policy initiatives in the region.
Trita Parsi, a U.S. foreign policy expert with more than a decade of experience, is the only writer who has had access to senior American, Iranian, and Israeli decision makers. He dissects the complicated triangular relations of their countries, arguing that America's hope for stability in Iraq and for peace in Israel is futile without a correct understanding of the Israeli-Iranian rivalry.
Parsi's behind-the-scenes revelations about Middle East events will surprise even the most knowledgeable readers: Iran's prime minister asks Israel to assassinate Khomeini, Israel reaches out to Saddam Hussein after the Gulf War, the United States foils Iran's plan to withdraw support from Hamas and Hezbollah, and more. This book not only revises our understanding of the Middle East's recent past, it also spells out a course for the future. In today's belligerent world, few topics, if any, could be more important.
Što će se dogoditi s izraelskim narodom nakon što je odbacio Isusa? Ovo pitanje od goleme važnosti nije ostavljalo na miru ni sv. Pavla ni Crkvu prvih stoljeća. Trajno otvrdnuće najvećeg dijela ...izraelskog naroda u pitanju prihvaćanja Isusa iz Nazareta kao židovskoga očekivanog Mesije, uzrokovalo je da se Pracrkva postupno distancira od sinagoge te da premišlja svoju ulogu u povijesti spasenja. Već u II. st. ovaj proces premišljanja rezultirao je potpunom supstitucijom sinagoge od Crkve unutar povijesno- spasenjskog okvira što je imalo i svoj nastavak kad je riječ o odnosu Crkve s povijesnim Izraelom koji se očitovao najprije u snažnom antisemitizmu crkvenih Otaca, te u kasnijim stoljećima kroz mnoštvo tužnih i ne manje tragičnih epizoda u povijesti odnosa Izraela i Crkve, ostavljajući dojam kao da je Pavlova teologija Izraela cijelo vrijeme bila nevidljiva. Ova bremenita povijest odnosa kršćanstva i Izraela u naše vrijeme svjedoči ljekovitom približavanju i priznanju onog što je Pavlu od početka bilo jasno, a to je organska povezanost i kontinuitet koji kršćanstvo ima s Izraelom kao slikom Božjeg naroda u kojem se ostvaruju Božja obećanja. Promjenu paradigme od Crkve, u prvom redu, donosi Drugi vatikanski koncil deklaracijom Nostra aetate čiji se zaključci u pitanju židovstva u velikoj mjeri baziraju na ispravnom razumijevanju i egzegezi Rim 9−11, čime se u najvažnijim točkama bavi i ova studija. Ova točka singularnosti, kojoj su zasigurno prethodili tužni događaji Šoaha nekoliko desetljeća prije, značila je prekretnicu u teološkom vrednovanju Izraela od Crkve. Revalorizacija položaja Izraela u povijesti spasenja nije ipak u Katoličkoj Crkvi otišla do ekstrema kao u nekim protestantskim krugovima u kojima se rodila teologija tzv. Sonderwega ili posebnog puta spasenja za Izrael neovisno o vjeri u Isusa Krista. Ovakva teologija čini jednaku nepravdu Pavlovoj teologiji Izraela kao i nekadašnje nijekanje Izraelova izabranja. Danas se unutar Katoličke Crkve temi Izraela pristupa s velikim poštovanjem i oprezom, no uvijek sa sviješću da Isus Krist nije samo došao od Židova nego je došao i za Židove. Spasenje Izraela neodvojivo je od kristološke vjere, otajstveno je isprepleteno s dinamikom spasenja pogana, a glavni zalog spasenja Židova jest vjerni Ostatak (Rim 11,1-5) koji uvijek mora postojati u krilu Crkve. Nužnost postojanja ovog Ostatka dok se otvrdnuće dijela Izraela ne ukloni, glavni je pokretač neke vrste navještaja evanđelja prema Izraelu. U naše vrijeme crkveno učiteljstvo taj misionarski impuls želi riješiti bilo kakvih natruha prozelitizma te čak zabranjuje institucionalnu misiju Crkve prema Izraelu.
What will become of Israel after she rejected Jesus? This question, of enormous importance, didn’t give rest to either Paul or the Church of the first centuries. The permanent hardening of the majority of Israel concerning the recognition of Jesus from Nazareth as the expected Jewish Messiah gradually led the early Church to distance itself from the synagogue and rethink its role in the history of salvation. Not long after the beginning of the 2nd century, this process of rethinking resulted, in terms of the history of salvation, in a complete substitution of the synagogue by the Church. This was subsequently reflected in the relationship of the Church with historic Israel, made clear primarily by the harsh antisemitism of the fathers of the Church. Later on, this perspective evolved into a multitude of sad and no less tragic events in the history of relations between Israel and the Church, leaving an impression that Paul’s theology of Israel was invisible throughout the entire period. This burdensome history of relations between Christianity and Israel in our time bears witness to some healing reconciliations and recognition of what was clear to Paul from the very beginning—namely, the organic interconnection and continuity that Christianity shares with Israel as an image of God’s people in which God’s promises came true. The shift of the paradigm inside the Church primarily brought forth the Council’s Nostra Aetate with pronouncements concerning Judaism strongly based on a correct understanding and sound exegesis of Romans 9−11, which is also the main interest this study occupies with. This singular moment, most certainly preceded by the tragedy of the Shoah a few decades earlier, marked a turning point in the Church’s theological evaluation of Israel. The reevaluation of the status of Israel within the history of salvation was not, however, pushed to the extreme in the Catholic Church as it was in some Protestant circles impregnated by the so-called Sonderweg theology or a special way of salvation for Israel, irrespective of faith in Jesus Christ. This kind of theology does the same injustice to Paul’s theology of Israel as it does the former denial of Israel’s election. In our time, when approached as a theological topic, Israel has been dealt with great respect in the Catholic Church, always however bearing in mind that Jesus Christ did not come only from the Jews but also for the Jews. The salvation of Israel is inseparable from christological faith; it is mysteriously intertwined with the dynamics of salvation of the nations. The main pledge of salvation for the Jews is their faithful Remnant (Romans 11:1-5), always necessary within the Church. The indispensability of this Remnant, until the partial hardening of Israel has been removed, is the main driver of some kind of gospel announcement toward Israel. The Magisterium of the Church nowadays aims to purify this missionary impulse of any remnants of proselytism, even banning the institutional mission of the Church toward Israel.
From the days of steamship travel to Palestine to today's evangelical Christian tours of Jesus's birthplace, the relationship between the United States and the Holy Land has become one of the world's ...most consequential international alliances. While the political side of U.S.-Israeli relations has long played out on the world stage, the relationship, as Shalom Goldman shows in this illuminating cultural history, has also played out on actual stages. Telling the stories of the American superstars of pop and high culture who journeyed to Israel to perform, lecture, and rivet fans, Goldman chronicles how the creative class has both expressed and influenced the American relationship with Israel. The galaxy of stars who have made headlines for their trips includes Frank Sinatra, Johnny Cash, Leonard Bernstein, James Baldwin, Barbra Streisand, Whitney Houston, Madonna, and Scarlett Johansson. While diverse socially and politically, they all served as prisms for the evolution of U.S.-Israeli relations, as Israel, the darling of the political and cultural Left in the 1950s and early 1960s, turned into the darling of the political Right from the late 1970s. Today, as relations between the two nations have only intensified, stars must consider highly fraught issues, such as cultural boycotts, in planning their itineraries.
A Coat of Many Colors investigates Israel’s first seven years as a sovereign state through the unusual prism of dress. Clothes worn by Israelis in the 1950s reflected political ideologies, economic ...conditions, military priorities, social distinctions, and cultural preferences, and all played a part in consolidating a new national identity. Based on a wide range of textual and visual historical documents, the book covers both what Israelis wore in various circumstances and what they said and wrote about clothing and fashion. Written in a clear and accessible style that will appeal to the general reader as well as to students and scholars, A Coat of Many Colors introduces the reader both to Israel’s history during its formative years and to the rich field of dress culture.
