We propose an integrated methodology to image the internal structure, evaluate the volume and estimate the densities of different units within ice bodies, useful for more precise mass estimation of ...very small glaciers. The procedure encompasses light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) common offset data. The case study is the Canin Eastern Glacieret (CEG), a very small and maritime glacier in the Eastern Alps, and one of the lowermost glaciers of the European Alps. We calculate both volumetric and mass variations of the analysed ice body by integrating GPR measurements with LiDAR surveys acquired in different years (2006 and 2011). Between 2006 and 2011, the area of the glacieret increased from 8,510 to 17,530 m
2
with a gain of 9,016 m
2
. The observed volume increase has been estimated in 96,350 m
3
(+97 %), which corresponds to a positive mass balance of 3.89 m w.e.. This quite unusual finding in the present global warming behaviour is mainly due to the above-average winter accumulation (c
w
) in the considered period. Moreover, the winter season 2008–2009 represented an exceptional event with a c
w
equal to 13.38 m, the highest of the available record. Thanks to density estimation, we infer the total mass of the CEG at the time of the geophysical surveys, comparing such results with the ones obtained with available empirical equations, observing an important mass gain in the 5 years considered.
Devonian mafic magmatism of the northern East European Craton (EEC) has been variously linked to Uralian subduction, post-orogenic extension associated with Caledonian collision, and rifting. New ...elemental and isotopic analyses of Devonian basalts from the Timan Range and Kanin Peninsula, Russia, in the northern EEC constrain magma genesis, mantle source(s) and the tectonic process(es) associated with this Devonian volcanism to a rift-related context. Two compositional groups of low-K2O tholeiitic basalts are recognized. On the basis of Th concentrations, LREE concentrations, and (LREE/HREE)N, the data suggest two distinct magma batches. Incompatible trace elements ratios (e.g., Th/Yb, Nb/Th, Nb/La) together with Nd and Pb isotopes indicate involvement of an NMORB to EMORB ‘transitional’ mantle component mixed with variable amounts of a continental component. The magmas were derived from a source that developed high (U,Th)/Pb, U/Th and Sm/Nd over time. The geochemistry of Timan–Kanin basalts supports the hypothesis that the genesis of Devonian basaltic magmatism in the region resulted from local melting of transitional mantle and lower crust during rifting of a mainly non-volcanic continental rifted margin.
•Devonian low-K tholeiitic basalts occur in the northern East European Craton (EEC).•Th, LREE, and (LREE/HREE)N and isotopic ratios suggest two distinct magma batches.•Basalt genesis involved transitional mantle and contamination with old lower crust.•This occurred during rifting of a mainly non-volcanic continental rifted margin.
The region of the junction and interaction between the East European Craton (EEC) and the West Arctic Craton (WAC) is regarded as a complexly built zone or assembly of both the volumetric and ...dividing linear tectonic elements: the Trollfjord–Rybachi–Kanin (TRK) Lineament, the pericratonic subsidence zone of the EEC, the Karpinskii Lineament, the Murmansk Block of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield, and the Kolmozero–Voronya Zone, which are briefly characterized in this paper. Evidences of thrusting have been established not only in the TRK Suture Zone and on the Rybachi Peninsula, which represent a fragment of the Timanides fold–thrust belt, but also to the southwest, in the Upper Riphean and Vendian terrigenous sequences making up the Sredni Peninsula and related to the pericratonic trough of the VEC. Two phases of fold–thrust deformations with elements of left-lateral strike-slip offset pertaining to the activity and evolution of the lineament suture dividing the Sredni and Rybachi peninsulas have been recorded. The variously oriented fault–fold systems within this fault zone are evidence for multistage deformation and can be explained by an at least twostage change in the kinematics that control displacement along the fault. The disintegrated granitic massifs of the Archean crystalline basement tectonically squeezed out in the upper crust as protrusions are localized within TRK Fault Zone. Plagiogranitic bodies, which underwent superposed fault-fold deformations of both kinematic stages, are an evidence of the vigorous tectonic event that predated folding and two-stage strike-slip displacement along the TRK Fault—by thrusting of Riphean sequences from north to south toward the Archean craton. The nappe–thrust regional structure was formed at this stage; elements of it have been recognized in the Sredni, Rybachi, and Kanin peninsulas. The main stages of tectonic evolution in the junction zone between the EEC and the WAP have been revealed and substantiated.
This article focuses on the designs for and staging of the play The Diary of Anne Frank (1955), and considers the ways in which the sets of the Secret Annex both documented and transformed the hiding ...place to convey its isolation and confinement to the audience. It also explores how the decoration and furnishings of Anne's recreated bedroom reflected broader postwar-era cultural messages about coming of age, adolescent girls, and their material surroundings during that period. Published in English in 1952, Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl chronicled the more than two years that Anne, her family, and four other Jews spent in hiding during World War II in an annex in Amsterdam during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. The success of the English-language book led to a theatrical adaptation by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett. Directed by Garson Kanin and with sets by Boris Aronson, the play opened on Broadway in 1955. Rooted in documentary-like details and based in large part upon a real space, the sets for The Diary of Anne Frank nevertheless reflect aesthetic choices firmly situated in postwar US discourse.
Permafrost is an integral part of the environmental conditions that frame indigenous peoples’ livelihoods in many parts of the circumpolar region. On the basis of their long-term ethnographic field ...researches, the authors describe the various ways in which permafrost dynamics influence the lives and economic activities of two groups of reindeer-herding nomads in North-Eastern Europe and Western Siberia: Komi and Nenets. Permafrost affects the herders directly, for the herders have to take into account the probability of thermokarst while choosing the campsite and performing certain herding procedures. It also affects the herders indirectly, through its influence on landscape and vegetation and thus on reindeer behavior. More rapid permafrost degradation will have a range of adverse effects on reindeer herding.
Two Genetic Types of Pseudotachylytes Morozov, Yu. A.; Matveev, M. A.; Smulskaya, A. I. ...
Doklady earth sciences,
02/2019, Volume:
484, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The study of two varieties of pseudotachylytes (PST) in granitoids of the Riphean complex on the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula (Rybachii and Srednii peninsulas) and in metapsammite of the ...Paleoproterozoic complex in the Northern Ladoga region by a few independent analytical methods has made it possible to establish that they belong to different genetic forms, such as mechanically crushed rocks and melting products, respectively. As for the melting differences, we have given a detailed description of the mineral and material transformations of the original rock into the PST glass matrix and obtained evidence for the initial melting out of the micaceous eutectics with its subsequent shift to the granite type. The conclusion has been made on the most likely formation of molten PST due to frictional rock melting under rapid rise of its blocks from a depth of 12–15 km to the crustal surface (less than 3 km) along the faults of presumably seismogenic nature. It is suggested that crushing and frictional melting can be complementary, rather than mutually exclusive processes, and the formation of molten PST is commonly preceded by the mechanical rock crushing stage.
Following extended consultations with noted Shakespearean actor/manager Walter Hampden, Colman eased his way into the part; his efforts were rewarded with a Best Actor Oscar in 1948 (the only Oscar ...he ever received in a lengthy movie career). While A Double Life offers a fascinating example of Shakespeare's tragedy performed in the grand manner characteristic of late-nineteenth- and early twentieth-century romantic actors, it appears to show how interpretations of Shakespeare (especially in terms of acting styles) have shifted since the late Victorian era, when actor-managers toured the country as well as playing on Broadway with their repertoires. ...he took what was for him the safest option and used the screenplay to explore what might happen if individuals lose that mindfulness that helps to preserve their sanity as well as their reputations.
Antitropical distribution is a biogeographical pattern characterized by natural occurrences of the same species or members of the same clade in the middle‐ or middle‐to‐high‐latitudinal habitats of ...both hemispheres, either on land or in marine environments, without appearing in the intervening tropical environments. For most of the noted examples of Permian antitropical distribution, particularly in marine invertebrates, the causes of disjunctions have been mainly linked to either dispersal or vicariance models. Little attention has been paid to other possible mechanisms. This study investigated the antitropicality of some Permian neospiriferine brachiopods through detailed taxonomic revision, comparison of palaeobiogeographical distribution, and a phylogenetic analysis. Several species, previously assigned to Kaninospirifer, are here reassigned to other genera, especially to Fasciculatia in the northern hemisphere and to Quadrospira in the southern hemisphere during the Permian. Both Kaninospirifer and Fasciculatia appear to have been restricted to north‐western Pangea and north‐eastern Asia during the Permian, but there is no robust evidence to suggest their presence in the southern hemisphere to which Imperiospira and Quadrospira were confined. In spite of the distributional separation between the two pairs of neospiriferine genera in the Permian palaeobiogeographical regime, they share considerable numbers of morphological characters, such as a large shell, subdued fasciculation, and reduction of ventral adminicula. Notwithstanding these morphological similarities, our phylogenetic reconstruction of the neospiriferines does not support a close relationship between these genera. This therefore must indicate that these similar morphological features were independently acquired, probably with these taxa living in spatially separate but ecologically compatible environmental conditions in the mid‐latitudinal area of each hemisphere during the Permian. We regard this as an example of convergent evolution.
The facies complex of basal moraines with glaciodynamic structures (common basal moraines) dominates among deposits of the given genetic type. These moraines represent glacial diamictons of diverse ...structure and lithology. Some of their features are also typical of sediments of other genetic types. Therefore, a comprehensive study of glacial diamictons and their occurrence mode on the glacial bed (unconsolidated or consolidated) within large outcrops is methodically correct. Only such studies can unravel the wide range of specific features typical of common basal moraines.
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