El principal objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en el análisis de cuatro conocidos argumentos para demostrar la existencia del "mundo externo". Inicialmente, se prestará especial atención al ...elaborado por Moore en su "Prueba del mundo externo" para, posteriormente, presentar los argumentos de Frege, Descartes y Kant respectivamente. Finalmente, se evaluarán crítica y comparativamente las distintas pruebas para comprobar si, efectivamente, han conseguido derrotar al escéptico al respecto de la existencia de un mundo al margen de las propias representaciones. Palabras clave: Moore, prueba del mundo externo, petición de principio, Frege, Kant. The main aim of this work lies on the analysis of four well-known arguments to demonstrate the existence of the "external world". Initially, it will be paid special attention to the one elaborated by Moore in his "Proof of the external world" to, later, present the arguments of Frege, Descartes and Kant respectively. Finally, the different proofs will be critically and comparatively evaluated to see if, indeed, they have managed to defeat the skeptic regarding the existence of a world outside of the representations itself. Keywords: Moore, proof of an external world, petitio principii, Frege, Kant.
Derrida’s Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money is one of his most celebrated works, though Volume II only came out in French in 2021. Volume I ends with Session Five of the seminar while Volume II opens ...with Seven, with Session Six only seeing the light of day in early 2024. My essay explains this missing session and goes into some detail examining the relationship of Derrida’s project to Kant, briefly mentioned a few times in Volume I, as well as to some of Derrida’s own earlier essays. As Given Time gives us his most concentrated and thorough discussions of the gift, this missing chapter is essential to grasp this important topic.
Immanuel Kant's political philosophy has enjoyed renewed attention as an egalitarian alternative to contemporary inequality since it seems to uncompromisingly reassert the primacy of the state over ...the economy, enabling it to defend the modern welfare state against encroaching neoliberal markets. However, I argue that, when understood as a free-standing approach to politics, Kant's doctrine of right shares essential features with the prevailing theories that legitimate really existing economic inequality. Like Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, Kant understands the state's function as essentially coercive and, in justifying state coercion, he adopts a narrow conception of political freedom that formally preserves the right to choose while denying that the range of choices one actually has can be a matter of justice. As a result, Kant cannot identify various forms of social pressure as potential injustices even as he recognizes their power to create and sustain troubling inequalities. For both Kant and the neoliberals, the result is that economic relations almost never count as unjust forms of coercion, no matter how unequal they are. Views that identify coercion as the trigger for duties of justice are thus particularly ill-suited to orient us to contemporary inequality.
John Hare argues that Kant, in his Third Critique, offers an aesthetic argument for God’s existence that shares premises with his famous moral argument. Karl Ameriks demurs, expressing skepticism ...that this is so. In this paper, I stake out an intermediate position, arguing that the resources of Kant provide ingredients for an aesthetic argument, but one distinctly less than a transcendental argument for God or an entailment relation. Whether the argument is best thought of as abductive in nature, a C-inductive argument, or a Pascalian natural sign, prospects for its formulation are strong. And such an argument, for its resonances with the moral argument(s), can work well in tandem with it (them), a fact not surprising at all if Kant was right that beauty—in accordance with an ancient Greek tradition—exists in close organic relation to the good. More generally, along the way, I argue that the sea change in Kant’s studies over the last decade or so should help us see that Kant is an ally, rather than foe, to aesthetic theodicists.
How are artificial intelligence (AI) and the strong claims made by their philosophical representatives to be understood and evaluated from a Kantian perspective? Conversely, what can we learn from AI ...and its functions about Kantian philosophy’s claims to validity? This volume focuses on various aspects, such as the self, the spirit, self-consciousness, ethics, law, and aesthetics to answer these questions.
El ensayo tiene como contexto la discusión entre política igualitaria, política de la diferencia, multiculturalismo y reconocimiento. La política liberal de Ralws tiene una de sus fuentes en el ...formalismo kantiano a partir del cual se comprenden los principios de autonomía, dignidad y universalidad. La propuesta de J. Rawls está sujeta a este formalismo en cuanto tiene dificultades para asumir la identidad como parte de la dignidad. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo acercarse críticamente a estos fundamentos prepolíticos de la política liberal desde la categoría de identidad. Palabras clave: política liberal; política del reconocimiento; J. Rawls; I. Kant; identidad The essay has as context the discussion between egalitarian politics, politics of difference, multiculturalism and recognition. Ralws's liberal politics has one of its sources in the Kantian formalism from which the principles of autonomy, dignity and universality are understood. J. Rawls's proposal is subject to this formalism insofar as he has difficulties in assuming identity as part of dignity. This essay aims to critically approach these prepolitical foundations of liberal politics from the category of identity. Keywords: liberal politics; recognition politics; J. Rawls; I. Kant; identity
This paper aims at clarifying the Kantian ontological position by confronting the criticisms of Speculative Materialism. The article has then two goals, negatively to show that Speculative ...Materialism fails to destroy the Kantian critical system, positively to provide a sharper version of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason thanks to its confrontation with Speculative Materialism. In the following essay, we will oppose the speculative materialist interpretation of Kant to our analysis concerning the following points: the arche-fossil and the meaning of possible experience, the interpretation of the stability of nature and the status of the thing-in-itself, the anti-frequentialist argument and the relation between the contingency of the laws of nature and the stability of the phenomenal order, the possibility to inverse our ignorance of the thing-in-itself into a knowledge of the thing-in-itself, and the validity of the Kantian descriptive analytical method. Such radicalization of Kant and the critique of his critics is required to prevent a hasty overcoming of correlationism which in fact leaves correlationism intact. A first step to overcome correlationism would be then to deploy its full power which will allow us to measure the difficulty of such enterprise and hence prepare for a radical critique of Kantian criticism. Keywords: Correlationism; Kant; Speculative Materialism; Meillassoux; Ray Brassier
Until recently, leading work on the philosophy of thought experiments mistakenly credited Mach with coining the term. While Ørsted's prior use has become more widely acknowledged, there remains a ...consensus that Mach is the true source of the concept as currently understood. I argue that Mach's view has key features in common with Ørsted's account. Features of thought experiment emphasized by both Ørsted and Mach include (1) its experimental method of variation, (2) scientific thought as an expression of human autonomy, (3) its potential to solve the problem of new knowledge in geometry, and (4) the importance of thought experiment for pedagogy. These similarities make it likely, as an inference to the best explanation, that Mach was familiar with Ørsted's work. My research challenges recent assertions that Ørsted's view had no detectable influence on the development of the concept of thought experiment; I also raise problems for the assumption that Mach's view gained popularity because of its theoretical advantages over Ørsted's. I conclude there is no justification for drawing a line across the history of the philosophy of thought experiments that includes Mach but excludes Ørsted.
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