This paper describes the design and implementation in real time of a nonlinear control for a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The Backstepping control has been implemented to improve the ...performance of the conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to the grid. Two static back-to-back converters ensure grid connection and are controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The proposed control algorithm ensures proper speed control to extract maximum power. First of all, a WECS full review has been discussed. Thereafter, a Backstepping control laws detailed description based on the Lyapunov stability technique has been reported. Consequently, these control thus helping it possible to operate the complete system in the best performances in the static and dynamic regimes. The second part of this article has been devoted to the Backstepping control experimental validation using the dSPACE DS1104 control board and the Matlab-Simulink environment in order to check and validate the system efficiency. The results achieved have been clearly responded to the requirements of robustness and follow-up of references even under fluctuating wind conditions, and confirmed the control effectiveness in both static and dynamic operating modes.
•A modified variable step-size P&O MPPT algorithm is proposed for PV systems.•Minimum oscillations by dividing the PV operating region into four sectors.•Proposed method increases system efficiency ...from 92.6% to 95.4%.•Proposed method reduces steady state oscillations by 9.2%.
Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IncCond) are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to extract the Maximum Power (MP). These algorithms cannot track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) under a rapidly changing insolation. This paper introduces a modified efficient variable step P&O (VSPO) algorithm as an attempt to solve the aforementioned problem. The VSPO technique divides the PV-array operation region into four operating sectors. With the help of these four sectors, the step-size is changed according to how the sector far from the MPP. The performance of the conventional and variable step algorithms P&O techniques is compared. Three-phase grid-tie inverter (GTI) is used to connect the system to the utility grid. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used to study the validity of the modified technique. The results demonstrate that the VSPO algorithm attains the MPP faster than the conventional techniques and at reduced oscillation rate.
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•Increasing importance of hydrogen in the current and future energy scenario.•A fully-customisable simulation platform for PEM electrolyzer models is designed.•Control, simulation, ...visualisation and comparison of models are archived.•Graphical User Interface to facilitate interactivity between the user and the models.•Interaction of three environments: MATLAB, Simulink and App Designer.
This work presents the development and implementation of a simulation platform based on MATLAB/Simulink devoted to analysing the behaviour of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer (PEMEL) models. A graphical user interface (GUI) designed in App Designer is included for controlling the platform and visualising simulation results. Through this GUI, the user is able to study the models hosted on the platform under various operating conditions, compare the results obtained and even modify the characteristic parameters of the models. The main objective of the platform is to facilitate the study of PEMEL for the development of a digital replica of a physical device housed in a smart microgrid. In these systems, PEMEL are integrated with renewable energy sources for the generation of green hydrogen, which is used as an energy carrier to cope with variations in demand in the medium and long term. The proposal overcomes the limitations identified in previous literature such as the absence of a GUI to facilitate model handling, model modification and the comparison and simulation of different models in the same application. The design and implementation of the simulation platform is reported along with a series of simulation cases to prove its feasibility and successful performance.
•A hybrid battery–supercapacitor energy storage was proposed for standalone renewable energy systems.•The operation of a passive connected HESS was examined via both theoretical analysis and ...numerical simulation.•An experimental test bench was developed to validate the simulation results.
In this study, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which combines battery for long-term energy management and supercapacitor for fast dynamic power regulation, is proposed for remote area renewable energy power supply systems. The operation of a passive connected HESS was examined via both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation using Matlab/Simulink. An electric inductor was further introduced to improve the performance of the HESS. An experimental test bench was developed to validate the simulation results. It was demonstrated that the HESS can stabilize energy provision, not only for the intermittent renewable energy (RE), but also for fluctuating load applications.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to continually maximize the PV array output power which generally depends on solar radiation and cell temperature. ...MPPT methods can be roughly classified into two categories: there are conventional methods, like the Perturbation and Observation (P&O) method and the Incremental Conductance (IncCond) method and advanced methods, such as, fuzzy logic (FL) based MPPT method. This paper presents a survey of these methods in order to analyze, simulate, and evaluate a PV power supply system under varying meteorological conditions. Simulation results, obtained using MATLAB/Simulink, show that static and dynamic performances of fuzzy MPPT controller are better than those of conventional techniques based controller.
The main purpose of the construction of weirs is to raise the water level and control it in front of the weir. It is important here to know the longitudinal section of the variable flow behind the ...weir in the open channels. 30 experiments were tested in a horizontal laboratory channel with a length of 12 m, a width of 0.5 m, and a depth of 0.45 m. The longitudinal flow section was evaluated follow a step-by-step process under the influence of five different slopes of the channel bottom with five different discharges for each slope. After that, a MATLAB simulation model was built in order to evaluate the longitudinal section of water surface, which is a plot of the water level along the length of the structure. This method is important for the purpose of shortening the time and obtaining more accurate results. The results were compared between the two methods, and there was good agreement between the two methods.
In this work, the performance of a 500 W permanent magnet synchronous generator was evaluated in MATLAB /Simulink. The Simulink model consists of a wind turbine, a PMSG, and an AC – DC rectifier. The ...PMSG input parameter were measured and inputted in the Simulink block while the output results were voltages, currents and power respectively. The PMSG was tested at various wind speed. At the rated wind speed of 11m/s, the output power was 443.2 W.
The objective of this paper is to optimize the energy consumption and performance of fuel cell electric bicycles (FCEBs) under specific key input parameters. The paper applied an integrated method ...that includes an artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) to forecast and identify an optimal performance and energy consumption of FCEBs. The simulation model of FCEBs is established and simulated in MATLAB-Simulink environment to generate 1000 data points, that are used for training, validating, testing artificial neural network, the ANN architecture containing five input neurons, two hidden neurons and two output neurons, respectively. Furthermore, the GA is integrated to find the maximum performance and energy consumption once the ANN has exactly been trained. The study found that the FCEB configuration can achieve an effective performance at 30.3 km/h with required power of 210.4 W under speed level_5, radius of wheel 0.39 m, frontal area 0.423 m2, slope grade 0%. In order to validate and verify the simulated results, the experimental approach method was conducted in the same condition. The experimental results fit well with the simulated results in the same initial input parameters.
•A method integrating the artificial neural network with genetic algorithm is applied.•The consumed power and fuel cell voltage are optimized by combining artificial neural network and genetic algorithm (ANN-GA).•The effective performance area of fuel cell electric bicycle under various a structure and operating parameters is identified.•Deep-learning results reflect major physical mechanism of fuel cell electric bicycle operation.
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