The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module is mostly affected by array configuration, irradiance, and module temperature. It is important to understand the relationship between these effects and ...the output power of the PV array. This paper presents a MATLAB-Simulink-based PV module model which includes a controlled current source and an S-Function builder. The modeling scheme in S-Function builder is deduced by some predigested functions. Under the conditions of nonuniform irradiance, the model is practically validated by using different array configurations in testing platform. The comparison experiments indicate that I-V and P-V characteristic curves of simulation match the measurements from outdoor experiment well. Under the conditions of nonuniform irradiance, both simulation and experiment show that the output power of a PV array gets more complicated due to multiple peaks. Moreover, the proposed model can also simulate electric circuit and its maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the environment of MATLAB-Simulink. The experiments show that the proposed model has good predictability in the general behaviors of MPPT under the conditions of both nonuniform and uniform irradiance.
This paper presents experimental evaluations for variation in the efficiency of energy extracted from a photovoltaic (PV) module (under non-linear loading) incorporated with an incremental ...conductance(IC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The focus is on the evaluation of the PV panel under non-linear loading conditions using the experimental installation of a 100Wp photovoltaic array connected to a DC–DC converter and a KVA inverter feeding a non-linear load. Under the conditions of non-linear loading, both the simulation and experiment show that the MPPT technique fails to attain maximum power point due to the presence of ripples in the current leading eventually to a reduction in efficiency. In this paper, panel current is taken as a function of load impedance in the MPPT algorithm to eradicate power variation, as load impedance varies with supply voltage under non-linear conditions. The system is simulated for different non-linear loads using MATLAB-Simulink. A TMDSSOLAREXPKIT was used for MPPT control. In case 2, the inverter is connected to a single phase grid. When a voltage swell occurs in the grid, PV power drops. This power loss is reduced using the proposed MPPT method. The results of simulations and experimental measurements and cost efficiency calculations are presented.
•Focus is given to the evaluation of the PV panel under nonlinear current.•Panel current is taken as a function of load impedance.•When voltage swell occurs in the grid the PV power drops largely.•Experimental measurements along with cost efficiency calculations.•Proposed controller response on both grid connected and islanded modes.
Considering its favorable characteristics, photovoltaic energy is widely recognized as highly beneficial to the environment. To achieve continuous maximum output power across the PV system, an ...efficient control strategy is developed after studying several maximum power point detection (MPPT) techniques. Consequently, this paper presents a useful control technique for maximizing power extraction from PV systems under varying conditions. The paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy logic control (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system with battery storage. The FLC is employed to extract the maximum power from a PV module and integrate it with the battery to supply the load. The FLC offers advantages over conventional MPPT methods, such as accurate and rapid response to changes in environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and temperature. The PV system exhibits low total harmonic distortion (THD), making it ideal for household appliances, and can deliver 230 Vrms of single-phase output AC power. The system is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, incorporating a solar module, DC-to-DC converters, battery storage, and an inverter for supplying AC loads. Simulation results for selected test conditions are presented and discussed. The system performance is evaluated through steady state tests and dynamic tests in simulations.
Demand response and dynamic retail pricing of electricity are key factors in a smart grid to reduce peak loads and to increase the efficiency of the power grid. Air-conditioning and heating loads in ...residential buildings are major contributors to total electricity consumption. In hot climates, such as Austin, Texas, the electricity cooling load of buildings results in critical peak load during the on-peak period. Demand response (DR) is valuable to reduce both electricity loads and energy costs for end users in a residential building. This paper focuses on developing a control strategy for the HVACs to respond to real-time prices for peak load reduction. A proposed dynamic demand response controller (DDRC) changes the set-point temperature to control HVAC loads depending on electricity retail price published each 15 minutes and partially shifts some of this load away from the peak. The advantages of the proposed control strategy are that DDRC has a detailed scheduling function and compares the real-time retail price of electricity with a threshold price that customers set by their preference in order to control HVAC loads considering energy cost. In addition, a detailed single family house model is developed using OpenStudio and Energyplus considering the geometry of a residential building and geographical environment. This HVAC modeling provides simulation of a house. Comfort level is, moreover, reflected into the DDRC to minimize discomfort when DDRC changes the set-point temperature. Our proposed DDRC is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and connected to the EnergyPlus model via building controls virtual test bed (BCVTB). The real-time retail price is based on the real-time wholesale price in the ERCOT market in Texas. The study shows that DDRC applied in residential HVAC systems could significantly reduce peak loads and electricity bills with a modest variation in thermal comfort.
•A novel MATLAB/Simulink model describes the electrochemical hydrogen compressor.•A dynamic simulation analysis demonstrates the compressor’s high efficiency.•The compressor pressure-limiting ...critical issue is mainly hydrogen back diffusion.
Electrochemical hydrogen compressors have shown great potential in widening hydrogen usage, but further research is still needed to increase their efficiency and hydrogen output pressure. A novel fundamental mathematical model of the compressor is made in MATLAB/Simulink, which is validated with published experimental results and compared with previous models. The model provides a better understanding of the compressor’s operating mechanism, which is described through equations based on laws of physics and electrochemical relations for four different voltages from 0.025 V to 0.1 V. Achieved output pressures in model simulations reach values from 6.8 bar to 257 bar, respectively. In comparison with other models' results, these results account for Nernst potential, activation and ohmic overpotentials, and hydrogen back diffusion losses, simulated as time functions. Also, valuable insight into the dynamics of remaining parameters that influence the compressor’s performance is provided based on different values of applied potential difference, operating temperature, membrane water content, and membrane thickness. The simulation affirms that one of the main pressure-limiting issues is hydrogen back diffusion due to pressure differences between the electrodes, while the optimization of the compressor’s performance is a trade-off between wanted output parameters, mainly, voltage and current efficiency. The model can be used to optimize the electrochemical hydrogen compressor’s performance based on the demand such as, e.g., defined nominal pressure and nominal output hydrogen flow. Thus, a multi-criteria optimization process can be defined later on that leads to an optimized compressor which ensures given nominal values of needed parameters.
This work presented a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) model controlled by an (FC-TCR) fixed capacitor-thyristor control reactor consisting of a large fixed capacitor in parallel with a ...thyristor controlled reactor in series with the constant inductance. Induction machines were used because they are capable of working at different speeds. The 3-phase IG was driven by the prime mover that represents the wind turbine. Also, constant voltage and frequency were obtained, regardless of the change in velocity, by using proportional integration (PI control) for each of them. This type of generator is used in isolated rural areas far from power transmission lines. The voltage and frequency are analyzed for each wind speed proposed in the model and calculating the required excitation amplitude and torque required to drive the induction generator. Therefore, it is now a key interest to develop an efficient, viable, economic, and controllable induction generator for harnessing energy from renewable sources. The strategy of control was implemented with MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper works on developing a model of single phase asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) which couples’ renewable energy sources (RES) to the electrical or electronic loads of the AC ...powered transport system applications (e.g., Locomotives, Vehicles). MLI is the most important device as it is the main adaptation stage between the source and the load. Researchers are now more focused on multilevel inverters because of its numerous advantages. The prime benefit of a multilevel inverter is obtaining more output voltage levels using a smaller number of DC sources. The proposed topology for this work is asymmetric and produces 31-Levels of output which consists of 12 IGBT switches and 4 isolated dc voltage supplies V dc1 , V dc2 , V dc3 and V dc4 (Ratio of 2:4:8:16). The proposed topology has been processed by using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique. Fundamental switching frequency (50HZ) has been used to achieve better quality of output voltage waveform with low harmonic distortion. The proposed topology has been explicitly and thoroughly analyzed throughout the study to demonstrate its superiority over alternative MLI topologies. Power loss analysis of the chosen MLI topology is also shown. An adequate comparison is also carried out between traditional and the proposed topologies. The comparative analysis shows that the chosen existing topology is better performed than others. According to the theoretical analysis conducted, the maximum efficiency obtained is 92.91% along with THD of 4.44% and TSV of 60 V dc . The accuracy of the proposed topology is verified through simulating the entire model in MATLAB-Simulink software.
Power systems are susceptible to faults due to system failures or natural calamities. This could be caused by damage to power system components, resulting in an interruption of power delivery to ...clients. Overcurrent relays are important relays that protect distribution feeders, transmission lines, transformers, and other components. The intelligent relay can perform both primary and secondary functions. Line-to-ground (L-G) faults are the most common occurrence in long transmission lines, posing a serious threat to electrical equipment. This article presents improved fault classification for transmission line overcurrent protection and highlights the use of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques to protect transmission lines of 100 km (terco type). An ANN is used to classify the faults. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used in this case. The neural network has been trained to classify faults in transmission lines for overcurrent protection. Various fault conditions are considered. In the event of a fault condition, the output of a neural network will be a tripping signal. The MATLAB neural network tool and the Simulink package are used to model the suggested method.
Engineering education, alongside various fields of engineering, requires research and importance. In engineering sciences, numerical simulation using computer software is one of the important ...research tools for engineers. MATLAB/Simulink software is one of the practical engineering software. Due to its wide range of applications, training in this software is of particular importance. In this paper, a training method based on a coherent set of blocks used for engineering systems is introduced. This method is based on images and the goal is to implement the blocks in the Simulink environment. Factors such as the name, appearance, and performance of block components are important. The proposed method is effective in improving the recognition and mental maintenance of these factors. Examples of implementing this idea at different levels are introduced as assignments or tests. The experience of implementing this method over several semester shows that it can be easily implemented on various engineering systems. The results from surveys on sustainability, recognition, and psychological aspects are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed package is investigated through pre- and post-test.
Energy systems are one of the most important infrastructures of the modern society. To realize a sustainable, reliable and affordable energy supply, a new energy revolution is now ongoing globally. ...In this energy revolution, energy systems integration is considered to be one of the biggest challenges and also opportunities. The main reason for this challenge is the difference between energy sources in terms of the types, environmental conditions and the changing factors of renewable energy production. In this paper, a dynamic modeling and control of PV/Wind/Wave energy hybrid system have been presented. The wave energy, photovoltaic and wind energy conversion systems have been integrated into the main DC bus-bar in order to increase the renewable energy system effectiveness. The wave energy and PV system have been equipped with DC-DC converter and the wind energy conversion system has been equipped with AC-DC converter. Then the whole hybrid system is connected to the buck boost converter and microcontroller system for obtaining constant DC bus-bar voltage. Finally, the output voltage of the hybrid system is connected to the required load or batteries. Experimental test-bed is established for these three different types of renewable energies to study how to integrate them and unify their energy production. Wave energy has been investigated by including a clear challenge to the variation of the output of this energy due to the changes in the strength, direction and height of the waves. The challenge has been raised about how to transfer this energy to the electrical energy. Wind and solar energy are also being studied considering different environmental conditions such as changes of solar irradiation and wind speed. So, the integration of the wind and solar energy with wave energy represents a huge challenge. The analysis and simulation modeling of the hybrid energy system are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The concept of Buck-boost circuit is presented and investigated in the design of the integrated circuit. The effectiveness of the simulated model is found to be practical, and the model is proven to be used in the integration of the three proposed energies.
•A new approach for integrating wave/PV/wind hybrid energy has been presented experimental and simulation.•A dynamic modeling and control of PV/Wind/Wave energy hybrid system have been presented.•Savonius rotor design for water turbines has been investigated for the first time.•Buck boost converter enables the ability of the integrated system to adapt any change in voltage.•Simulation of the hybrid energy system are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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