Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with significant improvements in health status. However, to date no systematic review and meta-analysis has summarized the effects of Mediterranean ...diet adherence on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Electronic searches for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were performed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE and the Cochrane Trial Register until 2 April 2014. Pooled effects were calculated by an inverse-variance random-effect meta-analysis using the statistical software Review Manager 5.2 by the Cochrane Collaboration.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.
19+years of age.
One randomized controlled trial and eight prospective cohort studies (122 810 subjects) published between 2007 and 2014 were included for meta-analysis. For highest v. lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet score, the pooled risk ratio was 0.81 (95 % CI 0.73, 0.90, P<0.0001, I 2=55 %). Sensitivity analysis including only long-term studies confirmed the results of the primary analysis (pooled risk ratio=0.75; 95 % CI 0.68, 0.83, P<0.00001, I 2=0 %). The Egger regression test provided no evidence of substantial publication bias (P=0.254).
Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of diabetes (19 %; moderate quality evidence). These results seem to be clinically relevant for public health, in particular for encouraging a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern for primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dietary habits are considered a leading behavioral risk factor for human health. There is growing scientific evidence suggesting that diet and sleep may be related. The aim of this study was to ...review the evidence of association between diet and sleep quality. A systematic search in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from their inception to November 2019. Studies investigating parameters of diet quality (including dietary patterns or individual healthy/unhealthy foods) and sleep quality (assessed through self-reported or objective methods) were included. The NIH Quality Assessment Tools were used to evaluate the study quality. Twenty-nine studies were reviewed: in summary, consumption of healthy foods was associated with better sleep quality, while higher intake of processed and free-sugar rich foods was associated with worse sleep features. Despite a certain consistency between studies have been observed, the overall poor-to-fair quality of study design (mostly represented by cross-sectional investigations) does not allow to conclude a causal relation. However, diet-related variables are associated with sleep quality, but further studies are needed to corroborate this finding.
Mediterranean-like diet is an anti-inflammatory diet with high-fiber consumption and lower intake of saturated fatty acids which is proposed to have beneficial effects in patients with multiple ...sclerosis (MS). This investigation aims to explore the impacts of this style of diet on people living with MS, based on clinical evidence.
This study was conducted following the 2020 version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Both interventional and observational clinical studies which evaluated the effects of Mediterranean-like diets on MS patients were considered for inclusion. Review articles, letters, commentaries, case reports, non-English papers, and conference abstracts were excluded. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched until March 23rd, 2023, and risk of bias in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated based on the second version of the Cochrane RoB assessment tool (RoB.2). In addition, for the observational studies, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s critical appraisal tools were utilized.
Of 161 records that were screened in the title/abstract stage, 13 reports of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Three RCTs (including one pilot RCT), and eight observational studies reported the effects of Mediterranean-like diets on people living with MS. The sample sizes in clinical trials varied between 36 and 147 and for observational studies between 30 and 563 patients. Evidence suggested positive effects of a Mediterranean-like diet on inflammatory status and MS-related symptoms such as fatigue, quality of life QoL, attack rate, and cognitive dysfunction.
This systematic review pointed out possible beneficial effects of Mediterranean-like diets for MS patients. The limited number of well-designed RCTs was the main limitation of this study; therefore, large-scale multiple-center interventional studies are suggested. Variety in the assessed outcomes, study designs, and groups of the studies prevented meta-analysis which was the other limitation of this study.
The research aimed to identify the effect of the Mediterranean diet and Zumba
exercises on the percentage of cellulite for women aged (30-45) years. Therefore,
The researcher prepared the ...Mediterranean diet program and the Zumba exercises
that fit the research sample’s capabilities. The study sample was represented by
(20) female employees who had cellulite exclusively, where the Mediterranean
diet programs were applied through the distribution of a weekly food program and
the accompanying Zumba exercises. The above program was carried out on the
research sample for 3 months (12 weeks) by two training units per week, which
were graded from easy to difficult. After implementing the two programs and
conducting post-tests, the researcher concluded the following conclusions: The
Mediterranean diet positively reduced the percentage of cellulite found in specific
areas of the body (thigh, hip, and abdomen) because the values were significant,
knowing that its components are available, which made it easy to apply. Besides,
using Zumba exercises along with the Mediterranean diet helped reduce fat, water,
and waste accumulation and gradually disappear. The researcher recommends that
the Mediterranean diet be identified because its materials and nutrients depend on
unsaturated fats and their high nutritional value. Emphasis on adopting different
diets for those with high weight to reduce weight. Moreover, the use of Zumba
exercises and other physical exercises accompanying music in hospitals and rehabilitation centers because of their role in increasing the fun and happiness of
patients and eliminating depression and stress.
Keywords: Mediterranean Diet, Zumba Exercises, Cellulite
•Epidemiological studies link MedDiet with reduction of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mortality.•Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, several types of cancer, cognitive decline and depression are ...the main reduced NCDs.•Intervention studies find that MedDiet lowers cardiovascular episodes.•Intervention trials find small benefit in some intermediate cardiovascular outcomes and diabetes.•Evidence for other NCs is low/very low because of small size of the interventional studies or unclear associations.
Diet is a crucial variable for a healthy life. A rapidly growing number of studies in recent years support the hypothesis that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has a beneficial effect on certain body systems, but the highly varied objectives and quality of these publications warrants an updated assessment.
In the present review we performed a comprehensive evaluation of current evidence on the impact of the MedDiet on human health, assessing its effect on the incidence or progression of the main non-communicable diseases and their intermediate outcomes and risk factors. We scrutinised the clinical evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials.
Cardiovascular disease was the condition with most information. The MedDiet showed a general preventive effect, which was reproduced to varying degrees for certain intermediate cardiovascular outcomes such as blood pressure, lipids, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Benefits were also found for several types of cancer, brain function (including cognition, mood and to a lesser extent Parkinson’s disease) and mortality. The quality of the published evidence was, however, generally moderate or low.
In conclusion, the MedDiet shows a favourable impact on health. General adoption of a MedDiet is concordant with current policies promoting healthy and sustainable nutrition worldwide. Nonetheless, more high-quality research is needed to improve the consistency of the findings.
This study examines the association of depressive and anxiety disorders and their clinical characteristics (disorder type, severity, chronicity and clinical subtypes) with diet quality.
Data from ...1634 adults (controls = 336, current disorder = 414, remitted = 886) were sourced from the 9-year follow-up of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Depressive and anxiety disorders were established with Composite International Diagnostic Interviews. Severity was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), Fear Questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Chronicity was measured with life-chart interviews expressed as percentage time with a disorder(s). Diet quality was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI).
Diet quality was significantly worse among subjects with a current disorder than among healthy controls. Subdividing subjects showed that those with concurrent depressive and anxiety disorders had the lowest diet quality score (MDS: β = −0.41 per SD, 95% Confidence interval (95%CI) = -0.60, −0.21; AHEI β = −0.22 per SD 95% CI = −0.42,-0.03). More chronic depression or anxiety disorders and increased severity in all participants showed a dose-response association with poorer diet quality. There was no distinct pattern between IDS items related to depression subtypes and diet quality.
Diet quality is poorer in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders; in particular in those with comorbidity. The more severe and chronic the symptoms, the poorer the diet quality. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the direction of the relationship of depressive and anxiety disorders with diet quality and to examine whether improving diet quality could improve mental health.
There is growing strong scientific evidence over the past few decades that the Mediterranean diet (MD) has protective effects on cardiometabolic health.
This study aimed to assess MD adherence and ...its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among women living in two Moroccan provinces, El Jadida and Tetouan, located at different distances from the Mediterranean Sea.
It is a cross-sectional study involved 355 subjects of which 55.8% reside in the province of El Jadida, and data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, cardiovascular risks, medical history and of food frequency consumption were collected. Compliance with the MD was assessed with a simplified MD adherence score based on the weekly frequency of consumption of eight food groups.
The overall mean Simplified Mediterranean Diet Score was 4.37 ± 1.47 with inadequate compliance in 55.2% of the sample. No significant association was found between adherence to MD and geographic, socio-demographic, lifestyle or the major cardiovascular risk factors. However, the participants do not comply with half of the recommendations based on the Mediterranean diet pyramid. The lowest level of compliance was observed for olive oil, followed by sweets, eggs, potatoes, fruits, red meat, vegetables, legumes, olives, nuts and seeds. The increased contribution of sugars, dairy products and meat to the overall food intake is significant in the category with high adherence to MD.
The study data indicate that Mediterranean Diet is far from being a global pattern in this Moroccan population. The study draws attention to the need for a promoting intervention to maintain this pattern as the original diet in the region.
Display omitted
Ample epidemiological evidence suggests a strong correlation among diet, lifestyle factors and the onset and consolidation of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been ...demonstrated that AD, diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease are strongly interconnected pathologies. Preventive strategies and nutritional interventions seem to be promising approaches to delay neurocognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD and other non-psychiatric co-morbidities. In this regard, healthy dietary patterns, characterized by high intake of plant-based foods, probiotics, antioxidants, soy beans, nuts, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a low intake of saturated fats, animal-derived proteins, and refined sugars, have been shown to decrease the risk of neurocognitive impairments and eventually the onset of AD. Here we review the role of some nutrients and, in particular, of healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet and other emerging healthy diets, DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) and MIND (Mediterranean-DASH dietIntervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), for the maintenance of cognitive performance, focusing specifically on human studies. The beneficial effects associated with overall diet composition, rather than single nutrient supplementations, for the prevention or the delay of AD and dementia are discussed.
PDF
