Das europäische Migrationsmanagement nutzt Neo-Refoulement-Praxen, um Migrant*innen weit vor der europäischen Grenze zu stoppen und ihnen den Zugang zur europäischen Gerichtsbarkeit zu verwehren. Zur ...Umsetzung dieses Vorgehens bedient sich die EU der Internationalen Organisation für Migration. Nele Austermann deckt auf, wie fehlende Jurisdiktion, mangelnde völkerrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit internationaler Organisationen und eine eingeschränkte Menschenrechtsbindung hierbei zu einer Entsubjektivierung von Migrant*innen führen. Mit dem Konzept der internationalen öffentlichen Gewalt zeigt sie einen Weg auf, wie eine Rückführung in komplexitätsadäquate rechtliche Strukturen möglich ist.
Research framework: With the help of the “Bureau des migrations intéressant les Départements d’Outre-mer (BUMIDOM)”, thousands of Guadeloupeans left their island for a better future. In their ...decision to leave, or to return, family ties have influenced their choices and migration experience. Objective: This article looks at the mechanisms operating within the couple and extended family that influence the migratory process of Guadeloupeans who emigrated to mainland France between 1963 and 1981 under the BUMIDOM scheme. Methodology: Semi-directive individual life story interviews were conducted in Guadeloupe and France with 31 participants on the migration policy who left Guadeloupe between 1963 and 1981, aged 64 to 87 at the time of the interview in 2022. The life-course approach as a framework for analysis highlights similarities and divergences of experience, and discourse analysis enables us to understand the way in which the family intervenes in migration choices. Results: While the motivations for leaving initially express a need for individualization and emancipation, the migratory experience is significantly oriented and influenced by the migratory imaginary and family ties. The question of “returning home”, when it arises, marks the limits of individualization and often determines the choice of the society to which one belongs.Conclusion: Family dynamics are an integral part of the decision to emigrate. Migration choices are influenced by the imaginary and representations of the host society; these representations circulate in the emigration society and are conveyed both by the migrants themselves and their entourage.Contribution: Families play a key role in the emigration process. This article questions the limits of the individualization of trajectories in a migratory context and focuses on the family logics that influence choices in a migratory context.
This work analyses the emergent European border surveillance regime as part of the European border regime/migratory regime and the power structures this technologogical regime is embedded into, is ...reproducing and creating. The history, politics, policies and technological characteristics of the border surveillance regime of the EU are analysed through a theoretical framework based in political science, political sociology and surveillance studies.
The outbreak of the migration crisis in the European Union in 2015 and the mismatch between the European Union's expectations and its ability to solve the problems connected with the migration issue ...has initiated a process of questioning the legitimacy and confidence in the common European project. Global changes, caused by various factors, have raised security concerns and questions at the national and European levels of how European states should face global challenges and how the European Union should look like. The issue of migration policy has given rise to a dispute between the Member States of the European Union, which has seriously jeopardized the Union's internal political stability, and which persists to this day. The aim of this paper is to propose possible solutions and recommendations in the field of European Union migration policy based on an analysis of European Union measures in the field of migration and on the basis of an analysis of current and future global trends.
This article provides an analysis of sub-Saharan migration governance in the light of the policy of spatial dispersal as a new modality of bordering in Morocco, in the post-2015 Valletta Migration ...Summit context. By conducting participatory action research over the period 2017-2020 with a cohort of 215 migrants dispersed by Moroccan authorities and focusing on two Moroccan cities (Tiznit and Taza), we explore the border and territorial turn in Morocco in migration management. The evolution of the forms and uses of the Euro-Moroccan border and the biopolitics of spatial dispersal operate according to the logic of division of spatial labour serving a territorial confinement of migrants. We show that the adaptation of national borders to the new mobility regime, by thickening for certain categories of individuals and weakening for others, is part of a new framework of local migratory governance developed on the basis of territorialization. The analysis of the protection-development nexus informs us of the rhetoric of the fixation of dispersed migrants in Morocco and about forced mobility as a new instrument of a soft geopower.
This open access short reader investigates how migration has become an increasingly important issue in international relations since the turn of the 21st century. It investigates specific aspects of ...this migration diplomacy such as double citizenship or bilateral agreements on border controls which can become important tools for bargain or pressure. This short reader also discusses the intersections between migration and international relations concerning issues of global governance such as conflicts and refugees, development and mobility, or environmental migration. The book thereby shows the extent of bargaining involved in migration and international relations, the so called “soft diplomacy of migrations” as seen in the EU/Turkish agreement on borders in 2016, or the EU negotiations with Maghreb or Sub-Saharan countries on read missions against development programs and visas. As such this reader provides a must read to students, academics, researchers and policy makers and everyone who wants to learn more about the international relations aspects of migration governance.
Over the last few years, the global face of the EU has been changing. The EU is spinning a global border web with regard to the battle against irregular migration. At the borders of the EU, a ...powerful and security-obsessed distinction between travellers is increasingly being constructed between the travellers who ‘belong to’ the EU and those who do not, based on the fate of birth. To this end, the EU has composed a so-called ‘white and black’ Schengen list, recently relabelled a ‘positive and negative’ list, which is used as a criterion for visa applications. What is striking is that on the negative list a significantly high number of Muslim and developing states are listed. Hence, there is an implicit, strong inclination to use this list not only as a tool to guarantee security in physical terms or in terms of ‘Western’ identity protection but also as a means of keeping the world's poorest out. Such global apartheid geopolitics—loaded with rhetoric on selective access, burden, and masses—provokes the dehumanisation and illegalisation of the travel of those who were born in what the EU has defined as the ‘wrong country’, the wastable and deportable lives from countries on the negative list. Such unauthorised travelling is increasingly dangerous as the high death toll suggests. It has led to a new and yet all too familiar geopolitical landscape in Europe, a scene many of us hope to never see again in postwar Europe, a landscape of barbed wire surveillance and camps. And hence, the EU—which started out as a means to produce a zone of peace and comfort ruled by law and order—has now in its self-proclaimed war on illegal migrants created a border industry that coconstructs more, not less, ‘illegality’, xenophobia, and fear: the EU as a global border machine.
The acceptance of newcomers as either immigrants or asylum seekers has been a recurring issue in Australian politics. Both the size of Australia's intake of economic migrants and the resettlement of ...asylum seekers held offshore have been contentious political issues. Research in other immigrant-receiving countries has identified numerous factors shaping attitudes toward immigration and asylum policy. These include political factors (such as party identification) and local demographic context – both immigrant concentration and change in immigrant concentration over time. Still, few studies of Australia have considered the effects of genuinely local demographic context, or how local context moderates the effects of political factors on attitudes toward immigration and asylum policy. Drawing on survey data from the Australian Election Study (2010–2016) and local-level census data, this article advances an explanation of Australians' attitudes toward immigration and asylum policy centring on the roles of party identification, local demographic context, and their interaction.
In the first decade of the 21st century, several countries introduced a series of strikingly similar international student mobility policies and initiatives. Driven by a desire to expand their ...international student market share and to benefit from the potential contributions that international students can make to national innovation agendas, comparable policy tools were introduced in multiple states across the fields of international trade, higher education and immigration. This paper challenges depictions of these changes as a natural evolution of economic globalisation and draws on the policy mobility literature to interrogate the why and the how of the policymaking process. Drawing on research with policymakers, the paper comparatively examines the introduction of international student policies and initiatives in Canada and the UK from 2000 to 2010, and illustrates that the policy development path is the result of a competitive process wherein certain policy ideas become popular and travel, or become mobile. In so doing, I draw attention to the relationship between international student mobility, changing geographies of higher education and global knowledge economy discourses, highlighting the interconnected nature of the policy sphere as competitor jurisdictions seek to outdo each other in their attempt to attract and retain international students.
The EU's response to the European 'refugee crisis' has involved parallel efforts to strengthen the EU's capacity for external migration management in the domains of CSDP and AFSJ. To provide a swift ...response to the 'refugee crisis' in 2015, EU member states decided to utilise existing operational CSDP capabilities as a short-term foreign policy tool. Simultaneously, we have seen an impressive strengthening of the mandate and capabilities of ASFJ actors in external migration governance. Although institutional links between civilian CSDP and AFSJ have existed for over two decades, the parallel task expansion has created new demands for inter-institutional coordination between the two policy areas. Combining neofunctionalist theory with insights from research on inter-institutional overlap, this article argues that responses to neofunctionalist spillover pressures may trigger inter-institutional dynamics, which can involve both cooperation as well as conflict. Empirically, we find that these inter-institutional interactions have had important implications for integration in both policy areas, which cannot be fully understood by studying these policy domains in isolation.
