One of the most important questions of human existence is what drives nations to war-especially massive, system-threatening war. Much military history focuses on the who, when, and where of war. In ...this riveting book, Dale C. Copeland brings attention to bear on why governments make decisions that lead to, sustain, and intensify conflicts.
Copeland presents detailed historical narratives of several twentieth-century cases, including World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. He highlights instigating factors that transcend individual personalities, styles of government, geography, and historical context to reveal remarkable consistency across several major wars usually considered dissimilar. The result is a series of challenges to established interpretive positions and provocative new readings of the causes of conflict.
Classical realists and neorealists claim that dominant powers initiate war. Hegemonic stability realists believe that wars are most often started by rising states. Copeland offers an approach stronger in explanatory power and predictive capacity than these three brands of realism: he examines not only the power resources but the shifting power differentials of states. He specifies more precisely the conditions under which state decline leads to conflict, drawing empirical support from the critical cases of the twentieth century as well as major wars spanning from ancient Greece to the Napoleonic Wars.
The article is the result of scientific research regarding the emergence and evolution of the higher economic education in the Logistics of the Romanian Military.The article contains the documentary ...sources that support the emergence and evolution of this type of education and the testimonies of those who carried out the historical acts of its foundation and evolutionary transformation.
On 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese surrender that also brought an end to the Second World War in Asia, Indonesia declared its independence. The declaration was not recognized by the ...Netherlands, which resorted to force in its attempt to take control of the inevitable process of decolonization. This led to four years of difficult negotiations and bitter warfare. In 2005, the Dutch government declared that the Netherlands should never have waged the war. The government’s 1969 position on the violence used by the Dutch armed forces during the war remained unchanged, however: although there had been ‘excesses’, on the whole the armed forces had behaved ‘correctly’. As the indications of Dutch extreme violence mounted, this official position proved increasingly difficult to maintain. In 2016, the Dutch government therefore decided to fund a broad study on the dynamics of the violence. The most important conclusions of that research programme are summarized in this book. The authors show that the Dutch armed forces used extreme violence on a structural basis, and that this was concealed both at the time and for many years after the war by the Dutch government and by society more broadly. All of this – like the entire colonial history – is at odds with the rose-tinted self-image of the Netherlands.
De Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog is in Nederland lange tijd aangeduid met versluierende termen als ‘politionele acties’. In werkelijkheid was het een ware oorlog waarin Nederlandse troepen ...met moderne wapens de strijd aangingen. De inzet van artillerie, bommenwerpers en scheepsgeschut werd niet geschuwd in het streven de gewapende ‘opstand’ de kop in te drukken. Wat waren de gevolgen van bombardementen en beschietingen met dergelijk grof geschut? In welke gevallen werden deze middelen ingezet en in hoeverre werd gepoogd burgerslachtoffers te voorkomen? Voor het eerst is op systematische wijze de toepassing van vooral artillerie en luchtstrijdkrachten in de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd onderzocht. Grof geschut biedt zowel statistische overzichten als analyses van gevechten waarbij op grote schaal zware wapens zijn ingezet. Daarbij komt ook de vraag aan de orde hoe de inzet van deze middelen zich verhield tot het geweldsgebruik in het algemeen. Deze studie vormt een onmisbare bijdrage aan onze kennis over de aard en omvang van extreem geweldgebruik door de Nederlandse krijgsmacht in de Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog.
Eminent historians reflect on the creation, evolution, and in some cases the destruction of the field of military history's 'grand narratives,' 'master narratives', or 'metanarratives' over the past ...forty years in the following areas: race and the history of the modern US military; Asian military history; US military history; African military history: Europe 1789 to 1900; European history since 1914; wars of decolonisation; explanations of Confederate defeat; gender and war; and early modern European warfare.
Shows that bankers dread war - an aversion rooted in pragmatism, not idealism. This book also shows that, when faced with the prospect of war or international political crisis, national financial ...communities favor caution and demonstrate a marked aversion to war.
Our Revolution contains a selection of translated Indonesian articles about the Indonesian Revolution (1945-1949) and the significance of that revolution for the development of the nation. The ...articles - written by contemporaries and academics of several generations - show the complexity of the Indonesian Revolution and see the struggle for independence, as well as developments in Indonesian thinking about it. National and local developments interacted. The struggle of the Indonesian population and armed groups against the British and the Dutch, the flaming enthusiasm of the Indonesian youth, the great social unrest and also a very diverse local and regional dynamic are discussed. This anthology offers a fascinating insight into the Indonesian historiography of the revolution.
Onze Revolutie bevat een selectie vertaalde Indonesische artikelen over de Indonesische revolutie (1945-1949) en de betekenis van die revolutie voor de ontwikkeling van de natie. De artikelen – geschreven door tijdgenoten en academici van verschillende generaties – laten de complexiteit van de Indonesische revolutie en de strijd voor de onafhankelijkheid zien, en ook de ontwikkelingen in het Indonesische denken daarover. Nationale en lokale ontwikkelingen werkten op elkaar in. Aan bod komen de strijd van de Indonesische bevolking en van gewapende groepen tegen de Britten en de Nederlanders, de vlammende geestdrift van de Indonesische jongeren, de grote sociale onrust en daarnaast een heel diverse lokale en regionale dynamiek. Deze bloemlezing biedt een boeiende inkijk in de Indonesische historiografie van de revolutie.
While the Netherlands is still struggling with the question of how serious and widespread the violence was in the Indonesian War of Independence, that history can be found everywhere in Indonesia. ...Monuments and burial grounds are the silent witnesses of the battle and the stories of the war are still circulating. Remco Raben and Peter Romijn argue in this book that the way the Netherlands has long viewed the war in Indonesia has its origins in the language and the manipulation of information during that war. They investigate the mentality of administration and politics in Indonesia and the Netherlands and trace the path that knowledge about violence has taken, from the villages and fields in Indonesia to the desks of administrators, politicians and journalists in the Netherlands. This book shows how the cover-up of violence in Indonesia worked. It explains why war crimes and other large-scale violence against the Indonesian population were tolerated, how the army was able to dominate the provision of information about the war, how administrative mechanisms and mentalities promoted the concealment, how Dutch politicians looked away, and how Indonesian voices were systematically were ignored.
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