This paper echoes the call for multisensory tourism research from the perspective of auditory sensory experience. Based on an extended stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, the natural soundscape ...is linked with tourists' emotion and behaviour, and the possible structural relationships between them are verified with structural equation modelling. The results indicate that auditory factors such as natural soundscape significantly affect tourists' emotion and behaviour in nature-based tourism. Emotion induced by natural soundscape can significantly improve tourists' actual approach behaviour and behavioural intention in nature-based tourism. Different emotional dimension can elicit different behavioural type. Emotional arousal tends to trigger tourists' actual approach behaviour, whereas emotional pleasure tends to encourage tourists' behavioural intention. Actual approach behaviour in natural soundscape can significantly promote tourists' behavioural intention. Based on these findings, valuable information for tourism managers on generating desirable tourist emotion and behaviour is offered.
Arctic Fox Responses to Tourism Activity LARM, MALIN; BRUNDIN, ERIKA; STÅLHANDSKE, THOMAS ...
The Journal of wildlife management,
20/May , Volume:
84, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
As the interest for nature-based tourism activities increases, it is important to provide evidence-based guidelines for wildlife-human interactions to minimize the disturbance caused to wildlife. In ...Fennoscandia, the endangered arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is subject to increasing tourism interest and some regions recommend a minimum approach distance of 300 m, but the guidelines have not been scientifically validated. We conducted experimental human approaches towards arctic fox den sites to study activity and behavioral changes in response to the approaching observer. The first arctic foxes hid when approached within 300 m, but many had increased their vigilance already at the start distance of 500 m. At approximately 200 m, the hiding probability increased rapidly at dens disturbed and undisturbed by tourism activities. Arctic foxes at disturbed dens allowed the observer to approach more closely before they increased their vigilance and before they hid compared to foxes at undisturbed dens. We confirm that a minimum distance of 300 m might be sufficient for most arctic foxes to refrain from hiding, but a longer distance would be required to avoid causing any disturbance. We recommend a minimum approach distance of ≥300 m to be implemented in all Fennoscandian regions inhabited by the arctic fox.
This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the nature-based tourism (NBT) potential in three Karagöl (“blacklake” in Turkish), Borçka, Şavşat and Murgul, which are located in Artvin Province. Among ...the mentioned lakes, Şavşat Karagöl has been taken under protection as a national park, and Borçka Karagöl has been brought under protection as a nature protection area. Murgul Karagöl, on the other hand, does not have any protection status. The Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE)-Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA) techniques were used to evaluate the nature-based tourism potentials of the lakes. In this context, twenty-six criteria obtained from the literature and weighted by the CRITIC technique were evaluated by comparing them with the three available alternatives. In the next stage, the evaluation of the alternatives according to the weighted criteria was provided by the PROMETHEE-GAIA technique. According to the results, the lake with the highest NBT potential in lakes in Artvin Province is Borçka Karagöl Nature Park. The lake with the lowest potential is Murgul Karagöl, which has not yet been discovered, and its infrastructure has not been completed. It is thought that the results may be significant in providing various practical implications for local stakeholders on NBT that can be developed in the region.
This study tests a new model for memorable nature-based tourism experiences by examining the effects of novelty, experiencescape, experience co-creation, experience intensification and satisfaction. ...The study also examines the relationship between memorable nature-based tourism experiences, place attachment and tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour. Data were gathered from tourists who visited a national park within the three months preceding the data collection period (January-March 2021) using an online survey questionnaire distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in March 2021. This study's main contributions include the expansion of the memorable tourism experience construct and the inclusion of four key variables that influence place attachment in the formation of tourists' memorable nature-based tourism experiences. The relationship between place attachment and tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour was also shown to be significant.
Tourism in tropical rainforests can assist in their conservation by providing visitors with opportunities to interact with biodiversity and raising awareness toward rainforest conservation. However, ...it has been argued that most visitors visiting tropical rainforests prefer recreational activities rather than observing biodiversity, except for charismatic mammals and birds. As there is no systematic and global-scale study on visitor experiences with biodiversity in tropical rainforests, we assessed 25,000 Flickr photographs of 25 tropical rainforest-protected areas worldwide. Globally, we found that photographs of biodiversity (plants, animals, and fungi) were shared and liked more frequently than those of human activities. Among the biodiversity photographs, there were as many photographs of birds, arthropods, and plants as those of mammals. Our results indicated that visitors were interested in the non-charismatic biodiversity they encountered. Thus, providing more information on non-charismatic biodiversity will enrich visitor experiences and raise their awareness of biodiversity conservation. We also found several limitations using social media data for assessing experiences of visitors in tropical rainforests including user bias, limited geotagged data, and a lack of sufficient validation.
Nature-based tourism is highly vulnerable to the ramifications of advancing climate change. This paper seeks to extend an energetic African literature around climate change and nature-based tourism. ...The aim is to investigate the risk perceptions of tourism industry stakeholders in the Waterberg region of Limpopo province. The results are unpacked from 32 qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted in this area. The research findings concern issues of industry stakeholder awareness of climate change, the risk perceptions and adaptive responses undertaken by Waterberg nature-based tourism sector stakeholders. A major conclusion is to pinpoint the disconnect between the climate change threats which are projected to be facing local tourism stakeholders and the risk perceptions as expressed in the interviews conducted with these tourism stakeholders.
Visiting natural environments could restore health and contribute to human sustainability. However, the understanding of potential linkages between restoration of visitors and nature-based tourism ...remains incomplete, resulting in a lack of orientation for researchers and managers. This study aimed to explore how visitors achieve restoration through nature by analyzing published literature on tourism. Using a systematic review method, this study examined destination types, participant traits, theoretical foundations, and potential restorative outcomes presented in 34 identified articles. A new framework that synthesizes relevant research and conceptualizes the restorative mechanisms of nature-based tourism from a human-nature interaction perspective was developed. Owing to the limitations in the theories, methods, cases, and the COVID-19 pandemic, interdisciplinary methods and multisensory theories are needed in the future to shed further light on the restoration of visitors through nature-based tourism. The findings provide a theoretical perspective on the consideration of nature-based tourism as a public-wellness product worldwide, and the study provides recommendations for future research in a COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 society.
Although nature-based tourism is often promoted as benefiting local destinations through income generation, employment, and direct conservation support, it is also believed to influence tourists' ...environmentally friendly attitudes, knowledge, and ultimately their behavior. Yet, few studies have empirically documented these outcomes, and those that do are inconsistent in the variables measured and the time frame analyzed. This paper examines the empirical research on nature-based tourism's ability to foster long-term stewardship behavior among travelers by conducting a systematic review of peer-reviewed tourism research published between 1995 and 2013. This search, focused on literature addressing changes in tourists' environmentally related knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and actual behaviors, yielded just 30 empirical studies. Outcomes related to new environmental knowledge were commonly reported in these studies, but findings related to environmental attitudes and behaviors were inconsistent. Few studies measured environmental behavior directly, and fewer still include longitudinal assessments of persistent changes in attitudes or behaviors. We suggest potential future areas for research as well as programmatic strategies that may facilitate favorable outcomes from nature-based tourism, particularly those related to tourists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Key areas include understanding visitors' prior experiences and background, designing and delivering more effective interpretive messages, and using social media.
This Special Issue addresses the intersections of outdoor recreation, nature-based tourism, and sustainability. Outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism provide essential benefits to individuals, ...communities, and society and thereby contribute to sustainability. Equitable provision of opportunities, cultural variations in desired experiences, barriers to outdoor recreation, and diverse perceptions of both nature and recreation add to the complexity in outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism service delivery. Outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism occur within a socioecological system with feedback loops to changing social, economic, technological, and ecological conditions. On a global scale, climate change and other disturbance factors are impacting ecosystems and opportunities, increasing the importance of adaptation strategies for longer-term planning. Population growth and regional shifts in demographics and distribution (e.g., urbanization), as well as socioeconomic trends, affect who engages in outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism, opportunities sought, nature access, and governance of outdoor services. Overall the complexity of sustainable outdoor recreation and tourism may suggest a need for different approaches to service delivery, culture change among service providers and managers of natural spaces, and novel approaches to inclusive governance and shared stewardship. Given the clear importance of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism to society, we invite you to consider this initial introduction to our assembled collection, which is meant to advance our understanding of the intersections of outdoor recreation, nature-based tourism, and sustainability.
This article explores the role of stakeholder engagement in building resilience to the impacts of bushfire. The discussion is informed by a study of Harrietville - a nature-based tourism destination ...in NE Victoria, Australia, that was affected by a major bushfire in 2013. Harrietville is a small town that acts as the gateway to premier ski fields and provides access to abundant nature-based attractions including iconic bushwalks, touring routes and rivers. The research aim was to investigate the impact of bushfire on the tourism economy and was based on a visitor survey and in-depth interviews with representatives from across stakeholder groups. A Destination Sustainability Framework (DSF) was applied to identify key vulnerability and resilience characteristics of the town as well as to identify opportunities for adaptation to future fires. Fragmented stakeholder communications and a lack of community engagement in planning for bushfire prevention, emergency management and recovery are identified as a key vulnerability. In response, government has successfully implemented initiatives to strengthen stakeholder relationships and engage the community in emergency planning processes. The article provides an important case study of resilience building by small tourism destinations as well as highlighting the importance of connecting with local knowledge in bushfire management.
PDF
