The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of sex and age on haematological values in the Posavje Horse breed. A total of 163 healthy Posavje horses (30 foals, 94 mares and 39 stallions) ...were used in this study; their complete blood counts and a leucogram were obtained with a haematological analyser. The horses were classified into five groups: foals (1 to 6 months, n = 30), 3 to 6 years (n = 8 stallions/21 mares), 7 to 9 years (n = 9 stallions/22 mares), 10 to 13 years (n = 8 stallions/20 mares), 14 to 15 years (n = 6 stallions/10 mares) and 16 and over (n = 8 stallions/21 mares). The results obtained show an influence of sex on haematological parameters, with red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT) and haemoglobin concentration (HGB) being higher in stallions (P < 0.001) and white blood cell count (WBC) being higher in mares. Differences between the age groups of the Posavje horses examined indicate a decrease in RBC and HGB with a compensatory increase in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, a decrease in WBC and platelet counts (PLT) and proportion of lymphocytes, and an increase of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) with age (P < 0.001). Although the Posavje horse is classified as a draft horse breed, its haematological parameters show characteristics common to warm-blooded breeds, with the exception of the N/L ratio. One of the most important findings of this study is a higher neutrophil count in reproductively active breeding stallions. Higher levels of RBC, HGB, HCT and neutrophil count in the Posavje stallions suggest an effect of androgens (testosterone), which may be an effective mechanism to prevent infections, that can affect the survival of the stallions and thus the evolution of the species.
KARAKTERIZACIJA HEMATOLOŠKEGA PROFILA PRI POSAVSKEM KONJU
Izvleček: Cilj raziskave je bil proučiti vpliv spola in starosti na hematološke parametre pri pasmi posavski konj. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 163 konj posavske pasme (30 žrebet, 94 kobil in 39 žrebcev), pri katerih smo v vzorcih krvi določali hematološke parametre s hematološkim analizatorjem. Diferencialna bela krvna slika in razmerje med nevtrofilci in limfociti (N/L) je bilo določeno na krvnih razmazih. Konje smo razdelili v pet starostnih skupin: žrebeta (od 1 do 6 mesecev, n = 30), 3 do 6 let (n = 8 žrebcev/21 kobil), 7 do 9 let (n = 9 žrebcev/22 kobil), 10 do 13 let (n = 9 žrebcev/20 kobil), 14 do 15 let (n = 6 žrebcev/10 kobil) ter 16 in več let (n = 8 žrebcev/21 kobil). Rezultati naše raziskave kažejo vpliv spola na preiskovane hematološke parametre; pri žrebcih so število rdečih krvnih celic (RBC), hematokrit (HCT) in koncentracija hemoglobina (HGB) značilno višji (P < 0,001), pri kobilah pa je višje število belih krvnih celic (WBC). Med starostnimi skupinami posavskih konj smo ugotovili zmanjšanje RBC in HGB in posledično kompenzacijo s povečanjem povprečnega volumna in hemoglobina eritrocitov, zmanjšanjem števila levkocitov, trombocitov (PLT) in limfocitov ter povečanjem razmerja med nevtrofilci in limfociti (N/L) s starostjo (P < 0,001). Posavski konj po zunanjosti spada med hladnokrvne konje, v raziskavi ugotovljeni hematološki profil pa kaže značilnosti, ki so skupne toplokrvnim pasmam konj, z izjemo razmerja N/L. Ena od pomembnejših ugotovitev te študije je večje število nevtrofilcev pri aktivnih plemenskih žrebcih. Višje vrednosti RBC, HGB, HCT in števila nevtrofilcev pri posavskih žrebcih kažejo učinek androgenov (testosterona), kar bi lahko bil učinkovit mehanizem za preprečevanje okužb, ki lahko vplivajo na preživetje žrebcev in s tem na evolucijo vrste.
Ključne besede: avtohtone pasme; posavski konj; hematologija; starost; spol
Long consecutive homozygous genotype segments, runs of homozygosity (ROH), are a result of parents transmitting identical haplotypes, which can be used to estimate autozygosity. Based on 612K ...single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we computed three ROH parameters (genome length covered by ROH, SROH; number of ROH, NROH; and autozygosity, FROH) to investigate different scenarios in contemporary horse breeding: limited census (Bosnian mountain horse), conservation breeding (Posavje horse), and selection within closed studbook (Haflinger). The ROH parameters revealed well-defined differences between breeds. SROH was highest in the Bosnian mountain horse with 296.32 Mb, followed by the Haflinger sample (SROH = 270.35 Mb) and the Posavje sample with 192.68 Mb. The highest number of ROH segments (ROHs) was observed within the Haflinger sample followed by the Posavje sample. FROH ranged at a population level from 8.59% in Posavje, over the Haflinger (mean FROH = 12.05%) to 13.21% in the Bosnian mountain horse breed. Bottlenecks were detected for Bosnian mountain horse and Haflinger, whereas for the Posavje, a positive effect of the conservation breeding program was documented. Investigating the distribution of ROHs across the genome, we detected four common ROH islands on equine chromosomes ECA 6, ECA 11, and ECA 17, which were present in all breeds. On breed level, the Bosnian mountain horses contained 10, the Posavje, four, and the Haflinger, 11 distinct ROH islands (containing the MC1R locus on ECA 3). With this analysis, we were able to compare genomic levels of inbreeding between breeds differing in management, pedigree completeness, and genes under selection.
•ROHs firstly identified for the breeds Bosnian mountain horse, Posavje, and Slovenian Haflinger.•Characterisation of genomic inbreeding, bottleneck situations, and population history.•Detection of ROH islands, which suggest distinct genetic regions exposed to selection.•Comparison of inbreeding in breeds differing in pedigree length and population fragmentation.
Grobišča pri Humku v Dobovi Tina Berden; Primož Pavlin
Arheološki vestnik (Acta archaeologica),
06/2021, Volume:
72
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
V članku so predstavljeni rezultati zaščitnih izkopavanj na zemljišču Antona Humka v Dobovi, kjer so leta 1981 naleteli na 34 grobov. Sodijo v pozno bronasto dobo, rimsko dobo in zgodnji srednji vek. ...Iz teh obdobij so v bližini znana še druga najdišča, ki kažejo, da je bilo območje Brežiških vrat gosto poseljeno.
Different approaches and classification systems have been established to describe equine coat colour, which varies between breeds and countries. In the present study, we first characterised the coat ...colour variability in the Slovenian Posavje Horse applying colour spectrophotometry following the CIE L*a*b system. As derived from the classification system of Sponenberg (light bay, bay, mahogany bay, brown and seal brown), the phenotype categories could be confirmed by spectrophotometric data. Furthermore, L*a*b values revealed comparable high phenotypic variability of bay coat colour in the Posavje breed, and the darker shades of bay coat colour were associated with the ASIP and MC1R genotype combination A/a E/E. CIE L*a*b colour spectrophotometry represents an effective tool to characterise and quantify coat colour in horses, especially in chestnut horses, for which the underlying genetic background of coat colour variation remains unknown.Key words: Posavje Horse; MC1R; ASIP; coat colour; spectrophotometry; CIE L*a*b KARAKTERIZACIJA BARVE DLAKE PRI POSAVSKEM KONJU Izvleček: Za opis barv konj se uporabljajo različni pristopi in klasifikacijski sistemi, ki se razlikujejo med posameznimi pasmami in državami. V raziskavi smo najprej opredelili različne barve dlake pri posavskem konju z metodo barvne spektrofotometrije po sistemu CIE L*a*b*. Fenotipsko razdelitev barv dlake po Sponenbergu (light bay/svetli rjavec, bay/rjavec, mahogany bay/kostanjev, brown/temni rjavec and seal brown/črnkast rjavec) smo potrdili s spektrofotometričnimi podatki. Vrednosti L*a*b so pri posavskem konju pokazale primerljivo visoko fenotipsko variabilnost rjave barve, pri tem so bili temnejši odtenki povezani z ASIP in MC1R kombinacijo genotipa A/a E/E. Barvna spektrofotometrija po sistemu CIE L*a*b predstavlja učinkovito orodje za kvalitativno in kvantitativno opredelitev/določanje barv pri konjih, zlasti pri lisjakih, pri katerih še vedno ni znana genska osnova variabilnosti v barvi dlake.Ključne besede: posavski konj; MC1R; ASIP; barva dlake; spektrofotometrija; CIE L*a*b
The purpose of this study was to identify the ostracod assemblage from a 43 m thick section of the Bizeljsko Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the Upper Miocene Posavje Group. The ...succession comprises sandstone, siltstone, and marlstone, deposited in a delta front environment. The determined ostracods belong to the families Cyprididae, Cytheridae, Darwinulidae, and Loxoconchidae. In total, 30 species were identified. Additionally, 8 morphotypes were determined at the genus level. The most common genera are Candona, Hemicytheria, and Cyprideis. The assemblage belongs to the Caspiocypris labiata subzone from the upper Pannonian. The ostracod assemblage from the Krško Basin is similar in species composition to Pannonian ostracod assemblages from Croatia and Serbia.
The e-publication entitled Gradivo za topografijo Dolenjske, Posavja in Bele krajine v železni dobi ('Available evidence for the topography of the Dolenjska, Posavje and Bela krajina regions in the ...Iron Age', only in Slovenian) presents over six hundred sites in the three regions of south-eastern Slovenia that date from this distant period of the past. It is a database that upgrades the first register of Slovene archaeological heritage (Arheološka najdišča Slovenije), published in 1975 by the Institute of Archaeology at the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. This register was created with the data then available in literature, while field surveys were only performed on select sites or areas. It was followed up by a project devoting to the archaeological topography of Slovenia (Arheološke topografije Slovenije), the main objective of which was to accurately map the already known sites, as well as to discover new ones. Of all the regions of Slovenia, only the updated topography of three regions was published, among them Bela krajina, which was an integral part of the Dolenjska community in the Early Iron Age.
Med arheološkimi raziskavami, izvedenimi leta 2011, so bili na jugovzhodnem pobočju, tik pod že znanim utrjenim železnodobnim gradiščem Sv. Marjeta na Libni, odkriti sledovi prazgodovinske poselitve, ...ki ponujajo nova spoznanja o poseljenosti enega od pomembnejših prazgodovinskih najdišč v Posavju.
Posavje horse is an autochthonous horse breed in Slovenia as well as in Croatia. Slovenian population of Posavje horse is traditionally reared in the lower flow of the river Sava, in the surroundings ...of Krsko and Brezice. Breeding program for the Posavje horse was accepted in the year 2005 when the Slovenian Association of Posavje Horse Breeders was established, too. The aim of the study was to an
Spatial planning of logistics centres follows specific spatial and infrastructural requirements, conditioned by desired traffic flux and scope. Spatial and environmental limitations of the usual ...freight handling sites are forcing logistical activities to search for areas that can ensure undisturbed expansion and practically unlimited traffic flows. The consequence of this trend is suburbanisation coupled with all the spatial and environmental effects. Within this framework, set against the awareness of the uniqueness of any particular site, the article points out the significance of a comprehensive and timely spatial and environmental planning of logistical centres. Therefore clear spatial objectives, transparent analytical starting blocks and adequate planning regulation prove to be the imperative in the spatial planning of logistical centres and formulation of the spatial concept. Simultaneously, and with respect to the complexity of spatial developments, the significance of territorial cohesion is emphasised, which is manifested as territorial identity, territorial quality and territorial efficiency.
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