Green development is the fundamental way for high-quality development of marine economy. Achievement of green development goals of marine economy depends on the local government's decision-making ...preferences and reasonable marine-related environmental regulatory instruments. Based on 2007–2016 panel data of China's coastal provinces, this paper adopts the differential GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model) model to empirically analyze the impact of government preferences and environmental regulations on green development of marine economy. The results indicate that: lag exists in the promotion of environmental regulation on green development of marine economy.The impact of government preferences varies, in which, industrial preferences have a negative effect on green development of marine economy,while environmental preferences have a positive effect.The joint action of industrial preference and environmental preference inhibits green development of marine economy, while that of environmental preference and environmental regulation plays a promotion role. Different government preferences indicate different impacts in different regions. Environmental preference promotes the green development of marine economy in the Bohai Bay region, while industrial preference suppresses it. Both industrial preference and environmental preference in the Yangtze River Delta region have promotion effect, while only environmental preference in the Pan-Pearl River Delta region does so. Therefore, the government should establish a more complete official examination system, improve the marine environmental regulation system, and formulate differentiated green development policies for marine economy.
•The influence mechanism of environmental regulation on the green development of Marine economy is explored.•A Marine -GML index based on the dual effects of resource and environment is constructed.•Environmental regulation has a lag in promoting the green development of Marine economy.
Since the Chinese economy has entered the new normal stage, the transformation of China's coal-mining cities has drawn considerable attention at all levels of government in China. In this paper, ...environmental regulation, resource curse, and economic growth are incorporated into one novel research framework. Based on panel data for 30 typical coal-mining cities, from 2005–2015, we mainly use the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM)to analyze the existence of a resource curse and attempt to analyze whether its crowding-out effects can be weakened by environmental regulations. The results show that in the whole sample period, there is a resource curse effect in China's coal-mining cities, and the direct effect of environmental regulation on economic growth presents an “N” curve relationship. In the sub-sample period, although all coal-mining cities have a resource curse effect in the first period (2005–2010), in the second period (2011–2015), the resource curse effect is no longer significant, especially in cities with a high economic development level, and the resource curse has been transformed into resource blessing. Additionally, according to indirect conduction effect analysis, excessive reliance on resources limits the development of human capital, technological innovation, and manufacturing. However, environmental regulations can weaken the transmission of resource dependence by promoting human capital and technological innovation, of which the promotion of technological innovation is the most significant. Therefore, environmental regulation may be a new and notable perspective that can help coal-mining cities turn the “curse” into “blessing” and promote the transformation of their green sustainable development.
•Environmental regulation, resource curse and economic growth are included in the same analytical framework.•Resource curse effect does exist in Chinese coal-mining cities in the whole sample period, but it is not significant in the sub-sample period (2011-2015).•Resource dependence has the most significant effect on technological innovation.•Environmental regulation can effectively impede the transmission of resource curse.•The effective use of environmental regulation plays an important role in turning “curse” into “blessing” in coal-mining cities.
Fuel economy regulation is a powerful instrument to reduce CO2 emissions of vehicles and has recently been extended to heavy-duty vehicles. In Europe, truck manufacturers are required to reduce the ...CO2 emissions of newly sold vehicles by 30% until 2030 compared to 2019/2020. Accordingly, several manufacturers have announced the introduction of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) such as battery electric or fuel cell trucks. However, the sales shares of zero emission trucks to meet the targets have not been analyzed in the literature yet. Here, we derive sales share scenarios for zero emission trucks in Europe based on emissions reduction options and their associated costs. We find that manufacturers will require at least 4–22% of their newly sold heavy-duty vehicles to be zero emission in 2030, depending on their strategy to improve their diesel trucks. This implies a stock share of 2–11% for ZEV trucks in Europe in 2030. Yet, high sales shares for ZEVs and the super credits granted by the regulation allow manufacturers to meet their target with little CO2 reduction in the conventional fleet leading to low actual emission reduction.
•We analyze the impact of truck CO2 regulation on zero emission truck sales.•We use disaggregated sales data for regulated truck size classes in Europe.•We summarize CO2 reduction cost potential estimates for trucks.•Three scenarios capture the uncertainty of OEM strategies.•We obtain 4–22% zero emission trucks in sales and 2–11% in stock in 2030.
There is a great variation across states in nurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice moderated by state regulations. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence from studies of the ...impact of state NP practice regulations on U.S. health care delivery outcomes (e.g., health care workforce, access to care, utilization, care quality, or cost of care), guided by Donabedian’s structure, process, and outcomes framework. This systematic review was performed using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis on the literature from January 2000 to August 2019. The results indicate that expanded state NP practice regulations were associated with greater NP supply and improved access to care among rural and underserved populations without decreasing care quality. This evidence could provide guidance for policy makers in states with more restrictive NP practice regulations when they consider granting greater practice independence to NPs.
This paper examines the relationships among environmental regulations (ER), staff quality (SQ), R&D efficiency (RDE), green technology (GT), and profit. The research sample comprises 1197 firms in 16 ...manufacturing industries in China, during 2008 and 2015. DEA-based measures are employed to research firm RDEs, and the results show that SQ is essential for high RDE and GT (as expected), but the main effects of SQ are mixed. Importantly, we find that ER moderates the SQ-GT, SQ-RDE and SQ-profit relationships. Specifically, if ERs are eased, SQ is of limited benefit to GT or profit. However, at or above the ER threshold level, firms can improve SQ for further improvements in GT and profit. The implications of our findings on theory and practice are also discussed.
•This paper examines the relationships among ER, SQ, RDE, GT, and profit.•The sample comprises 1197 firms in 16 manufacturing industries.•DEA-based measures are employed to research firm RDEs.•SQ is essential for high RDE and GT, but the main effects of SQ are mixed.•ER moderates the SQ-GT, SQ-RDE and SQ-profit relationships.
This paper explores the impact of environmental regulations on firms' energy-saving behavior by employing a quasi-natural experiment—China's low-carbon pilot (LCP) city policy. Using firm-level data ...and adopting a difference-in-differences (DID) model, we estimate the impact of China's LCP city policy on heterogeneous firms' energy conservation. The results show that the policy significantly reduces firms' coal consumption and coal intensity. In particular, energy-intensive industries and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) undertake larger energy conservation tasks. The effect on overall energy efficiency and the long-term effects are not as good. Our findings enrich existing research at the micro-level and have implications for authorities in China and other countries to propose environmental regulations.
•Low carbon pilot cities' policy significantly decreases firms' coal consumption and coal intensity.•A comprehensive dataset is used to explore the within-sector effect.•Energy-intensive industries and state-owned firms undertake heavier energy conservation tasks.•We find that the policy has no significant influence on electricity and oil.
ABSTRACT
We study the effects of customers' environmental awareness (CEA) and environmental regulations on the emission intensity and price of a product with a price‐ and carbon emission‐sensitive ...demand. First, we consider a continuous setting where the production policy can be adjusted to reach any desired level of emission intensity while considering either a carbon tax or a carbon cap policy. Second, we consider a discrete framework where each production policy is defined by a given amount of emission intensity, a unit production cost, and a fixed investment cost. Under both settings, we study the joint effect of CEA and environmental regulations on a firm's optimal policy. We compare the customer‐driven model (when demand is sensitive to price and emissions but without a carbon tax) to the taxation‐only model (when a carbon tax applies but demand is only sensitive to price).
Our main results indicate that CEA is an efficient driver for better environmental performance, acting as a substitute for a carbon tax but, unlike a carbon tax, leading to a lower price for the customers. In addition, we demonstrate that the nonmonotonous effect of a carbon tax on production policy selection, which is a known result in the literature, is no longer valid if one considers CEA. From a social welfare perspective, we show that simultaneously increasing the carbon tax and CEA generally leads to a reduction of social welfare. We perform robustness tests and show that most of our findings are valid under different assumptions regarding demand and cost functions.
This article explores the impact mechanism of different types of environmental regulations on corporate green technology innovation (GTI). The research focuses on analyzing three types of ...environmental regulations: command based environmental regulation (ER1), market-oriented environmental regulation (ER2), and voluntary environmental regulation (ER3), and how they affect corporate GTI. This study selected enterprise GTI as the dependent variable and measured it by the number of applications for green invention patents and green utility model patents. The independent variables are the three types of environmental regulations mentioned above. According to data from Chinese A-share listed companies. Using benchmark regression models to analyze the impact of different environmental regulations on GTI, and constructing a moderating effect model to study the role of corporate R&D investment and government support in the process of environmental regulations affecting GTI. The results indicate that (1) ER1, ER2, and ER3 can all promote enterprise GTI, and the three environmental regulatory methods have a better synergistic effect. (2) R&D investment has a positive correlation with the relationship between ER2 and GTI, and a negative correlation with ER 3 and ER 1. (3) There are differences in the GTI performance of enterprises in different regions, ownership nature, factor density, and industry types under the influence of environmental regulations. (4) The impact of environmental regulatory policies on corporate GTI is mainly short-term. This study provides a new perspective on how environmental regulations affect corporate GTI, especially in the context of developing countries like China. The research findings emphasize the role of different types of environmental regulations in incentivizing corporate GTI, while also pointing out factors that governments need to consider when formulating environmental policies, such as regional differences and corporate characteristics, which are of great significance for promoting green development of enterprises and achieving broader sustainable development goals.
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