•In this work, a symmetrically di-butylatedlower rim and di-formylatedupper rimp-t-butyl-calix4arene was synthesized from p-t-butyl-calix4arene in the presence of butylbromide and potassium carbonate ...followed by duff reaction.•All compounds were characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopies along with X-ray crystallography (only for final product).•In the crystal network of final compound, in addition to the hydrogen bonds, there are π–π stacking interactions between formylated phenol rings.•The ability of calix4arene derivatives to interact with ten biomacromolecules was investigated by docking calculations.
In this work, a symmetrically di-butylated (lower rim) and di-formylated (upper rim) p-t-butyl-calix4arene was synthesized using the following methods. Firstly, p-t-butyl-calix4arene (1) was synthesized, and then its two eclipsed hydroxyl groups at the lower rim were butylated by butylbromide to form di-butyl- p-t-butyl-calix4arene (2). The formyl group was then inserted into the upper rim of 2 using the Duff reaction with hexamethylene tetramine and finally di-butylated, di-formylated p-t-butyl-calix4arene (3) was formed. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopies along with X-ray crystallography (only for 3). In the crystal network of 3, in addition to the hydrogen bonds, there are π–π stacking interactions between formylated phenol rings. For evaluating the ability of the compounds 1−3 to interact with ten biomacromolecules (BRAF kinase, CatB, DNA gyrase, HDAC7, rHA, RNR, TrxR, TS, Top II and B-DNA), docking calculations were run and compared with that of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin.
•Investigated are surface heat transfer characteristics along a film cooled transonic turbine squealer blade tip for two different values of tip gap magnitude.•Eight forward film cooling holes and ...one dusting hole are supplied by an upstream plenum, and seven aft film cooling holes and another dusting hole are supplied by a downstream plenum.•Along the upper pressure side of the blade, film lift-off downstream of aft upper pressure side holes is less substantial than observed downstream of the forward holes.•Film cooling effectiveness data for the squealer recess region with the 1.2 mm tip gap are as much as two times higher than values for the 2.0 mm tip gap.•Along the trailing edge region of the blade squealer tip, effectiveness values are often higher with the 1.2 mm tip gap, relative to the 2.0 mm tip gap.
Considered are the influences of tip gap on film cooling performance variations near to and along the tip or end of a turbine blade with a squealer rim contained within a linear cascade with five airfoils. The film coolant is supplied by two plenums which are positioned at forward and aft locations within the blade. The aft blowing ratio varies between 0.88 and 1.48, the forward blowing ratio is set to be approximately constant in the vicinity of 2.75 to 3.0, and a value of about 1.3 is utilized for the ratio of coolant density relative to the main flow density. Measured results include linearly-averaged and spatially-resolved variations of adiabatic effectiveness, which are presented both for the top portion of the pressure surface and end surface of the blade with the squealer rim. Local effectiveness variations along the top pressure side of the blade show significant effectiveness values downstream of aft pressure side hole outlet locations mostly because film lift-off downstream of these holes is less substantial than observed downstream of the forward holes. Spatially-resolved effectiveness data for the end of the blade with a squealer rim show that the largest values of effectiveness are evident near to and immediately downstream of dusting hole outlet locations. Associated linearly-averaged effectiveness data for the tip of the blade recess region with the 1.2 mm tip gap are as much as about two times higher than values for the 2.0 mm tip gap when compared at each surface location. Local and linearly-averaged surface effectiveness variations for the downstream edge region of the blade squealer tip are most strongly influenced by the film cooling holes which are aft and by the dusting hole which is positioned along the tip of the blade rim near the downstream edge. Here, effectiveness magnitudes are also often higher along the downstream edge rim region with the 1.2 mm tip gap, compared to data associated with the 2.0 mm tip gap.
Lava flows that constitute the current edifice of Taranaki volcano, New Zealand, contain a complex crystal cargo including plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, oxides, and rarely olivine. Amphibole ...textures and mineral chemistry indicate that crystals are pargasites entrained at various depths by ascending magmas. The crystals record a complex growth history within a range of temperature and pressure conditions (c. 950–1010 °C at mid- to deep crustal levels). Most amphiboles show the development of distinct reaction rims where the mineral is in contact with the ambient melt. Texturally, the rims are identified as detached, symplectic, granular or coarse. True rim thicknesses vary little (±20%, 1σ, on average) within individual thin sections but show a large variation between samples from different lava flows, from <5 to >50 μm. Reaction rim formation on Taranaki amphiboles is attributed to degassing during magma ascent as well as small increases in temperature. Associated with the formation of rims, the amphiboles also show two types of volumetric decomposition, identified as irregular and aligned. The former is indicative of slow reaction of amphibole with melt entrapped in fractures and cleavages during decompression-induced degassing, while the other is indicative of heating-induced breakdown of amphibole triggered by uptake into hot magmas prior to the onset of eruption. The combined evidence indicates that despite the complex and variable growth history of the remobilized crystal cargo, such crystals may be useful in constraining volcanic pre- and syn-eruptive processes and, when appropriate experimental data become available, their rates, which may be of the order of days to weeks.
•A report of amphibole breakdown textures in Taranaki lavas.•Magmatic processes and ascent pathways resulting in amphibole breakdown.•Clear distinction between heating- and decompression-induced breakdown.
•Oxygen vacancy distribution and migration during the degradation were explored by cathodoluminescence (CL).•Core-rim structure originated from doping could effectively retard the degradation of the ...dielectric ceramics.•A novel model of degradation was proposed considering both core-rim structure and grain boundary.
Mg, Ca and Dy co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state method. About 25% of grains possessed core-rim structure, which was caused by different Ca and Mg solutions. Cathodoluminescence, an efficient tool to obtain defect information with high spatial and spectral resolution, was applied to investigate the degradation mechanism of the ceramics. Oxygen vacancy concentration in the core is higher than that in the rim due to the higher Ca content in the rim. In the initial stage of degradation, oxygen vacancies mainly migrated within the core region. In the middle stage, oxygen vacancies migration in the grains with core-rim structure was confined to the grains, from the core to the rim. In contrast, oxygen vacancies in the grains without core-rim structure migrated across the grain boundaries to the cathodic region. Core-rim structure could delay oxygen vacancy migration to prolong the lifetime.
Tumor epitelial e estromal misto do rim: relato de caso Barbosa, Francisco Flávio; Oliveira, Adriana Regina Vilarinho de; Sousa, Emília Tomé ...
Revista de medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará,
09/2019, Volume:
59, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Open access
O tumor epitelial e estromal misto do rim é uma neoplasia rara, caracterizada pelo seu padrão histopatológico bifásico, formado por elementos epiteliais e estromais. Predomina no sexo feminino, na ...perimenopausa e sua patogênese ainda é desconhecida. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos, que iniciou crises recorrentes de dor em flanco direito e disúria. Os exames de imagem evidenciaram lesão cística complexa em rim esquerdo e paciente foi submetida à nefrectomia. O exame histopatológico e a imuno-histoquímica confirmaram o diagnóstico.
We report a 53-year-old man presenting with a sore throat, chest pain, and dysphagia. We diagnosed phlegmonous esophagogastritis. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed diffuse thickening of the esophagus and ...stomach wall with an intramural low-density area surrounded by peripheral rim enhancement. On postcontrast CT, the cranial side of the abscess was continuous with the pharyngeal submucosa, suggesting the source of the inflammation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated purulent material draining from esophageal and gastric ulcers. Acute phlegmonous esophagogastritis is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells to the submucosa of the esophagus and stomach. Detecting a connection of esophageal lesion with the pharynx may lead to a better clinical assessment of the disease.
This paper presents comprehensive investigation on the microstructure and micromechanical properties of the hydration products in alkali-activated slag by adopting the coupled techniques of ...nanoindentation, optical microscopy, backscattering electron (BSE) imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), aiming to provide insight into the formation mechanism of the dark rim in AAS. It is found that the dark rim is primarily comprised of a mixture of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and C-A-S-H gel, and the existence of this LDH phase contributes to the relatively high hardness and elastic modulus of the dark rim. The dark rim is in-situ formed in the outer layer of GGBFS. The dissolution and diffusion of Ca and Si in the outer layer of GGBFS results in a lower average atomic number in the dark rim region, contributing to its relatively lower grey level. Based on the experimental results, the formation mechanism of the dark rim is discussed in this investigation.
•The formation mechanism of the dark rim is proposed.•The dark rim is in-situ formed in the outer layer of slag.•The hardness and elastic modulus of the dark rim is higher than that of C-A-S-H gel in the matrix.•It is the composition rather than the density which should be responsible for the low grey value of the dark rim.
•Analyzed and predicted spatiotemporal changes of land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem service value (ESV).•The land-sea gradient changes of LUCC and ecosystem service values (ESVs) were ...analyzed.•Spatially and quantitatively explored the impacts of LUCC on ESVs.
Land use/cover change (LUCC) in the Bohai Rim coastal zone has accelerated as a result of rampant economic development, which has directly caused many negative effects on ecosystem functions and services. Based on multi-temporal land use data (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015), the benefit transfer method was used to assess the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the Bohai Rim coastal zone, and the impact of LUCC on ecosystem services was studied. Multi-scenario simulations for 2025 were conducted using the future land use simulation model. The result of the analysis showed that during the period from 2000 to 2015, the total ESV lost was 22.09 billion yuan, representing a decrease of 3.80%. The spatial distribution of the ESV showed a certain regularity, with obvious characteristics of a land-sea gradient change. As the distance from the coastline increased, the ESV per unit area gradually declined. Compared with those in 2015, the total ESVs of the socio-economic development scenario and the business-as-usual scenario in 2025 showed a declining trend, while they increased under the ecological protection priority scenario. Under the ecological protection priority scenario, regulating services and support services increased significantly, but those declined dramatically under the socio-economic development scenario. The patterns of LUCC are the main reasons for the decrease in ESV. This research provides a theoretical basis and support for the development and utilization of coastal space and the improvement of “ecological-economic-social” benefits; additionally, the results provide support for scientific decision-making services for the sustainable use of resources in the coastal zone and for the sustainable management of ecosystems.
In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron accumulates inside activated microglia/macrophages at edges of some chronic demyelinated lesions, forming rims. In susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging at ...7 T, iron-laden microglia/macrophages induce a rim of decreased signal at lesion edges and have been associated with slowly expanding lesions. We aimed to determine (1) what lesion types and stages are associated with iron accumulation at their edges, (2) what cells at the lesion edges accumulate iron and what is their activation status, (3) how reliably can iron accumulation at the lesion edge be detected by 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (4) if lesions with rims enlarge over time in vivo, when compared to lesions without rims. Double-hemispheric brain sections of 28 MS cases were stained for iron, myelin, and microglia/macrophages. Prior to histology, 4 of these 28 cases were imaged at 7 T using post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging. In vivo, seven MS patients underwent annual neurological examinations and 7 T MRI for 3.5 years, using a fluid attenuated inversion recovery/susceptibility-weighted imaging fusion sequence. Pathologically, we found iron rims around slowly expanding and some inactive lesions but hardly around remyelinated shadow plaques. Iron in rims was mainly present in microglia/macrophages with a pro-inflammatory activation status, but only very rarely in astrocytes. Histological validation of post-mortem susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed a quantitative threshold of iron-laden microglia when a rim was visible. Slowly expanding lesions significantly exceeded this threshold, when compared with inactive lesions (
p
= 0.003). We show for the first time that rim lesions significantly expanded in vivo after 3.5 years, compared to lesions without rims (
p
= 0.003). Thus, slow expansion of MS lesions with rims, which reflects chronic lesion activity, may, in the future, become an MRI marker for disease activity in MS.
Ti(CN)-based cermets were synthesized from Ti(CN)WCMo2CTaCNiCo composite powders by vacuum-low pressure sintering. The phase evolution and the formation of core–rim structure in Ti(CN)-based cermets ...were systemically investigated during difference reaction stages at 950–1450°C. The results show that the secondary carbides such as Mo2C and TaC are begun to dissolve at 950°C, finished at 1150°C, and the solution temperature of WC phase is range from 1150 to 1300°C, which are result in increase of the cermets lattice constant. At the same time, the inner rim is also formed, and Ti(CN)-based cermets are composed of (Ti, W, Mo, Ta)(CN) and Ni/Co solid solution phase. While at 1350°C, it was found that the outer rim began to precipitate from the liquid phase with the metal binder. With increase of sintering temperature, mechanical properties of cermets improved obviously were related intimately to the increase of outer rim thickness.
► At higher temperatures from 1150 to 1300°C, the lattice constant of cermets increased with the disappearance of WC phase. ► The outer rim began to form a liquid phase with the metal binder at 1350°C. ► The mechanical properties improved obviously were related to the increase of outer rim thickness from 1400 to 1450°C.
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