The paper deals with around 500 toponyms in the Bay of Kotor. In the introdoctury part of the paper, basic historic and demographic data are given. In the main part, the toponyms are categorised ...according to motivation and etymology. The Bay of Kotor has an above-average share of toponyms derived from personal names as well as toponyms motivated by church titularies. In this category, the toponym Sutorman (sanctus Romanus) stands out as a relict of the old Romanic and Slavic symbiosis.
The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval ...times. This expansion-mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans-resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: 'central-east European' for West and East Slavs, and 'south-east European' for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.
В статье рассматривается вопрос об этническом происхождении «варягов», которые, согласно одному старинному преданию, сохраненному русскими источниками второй половины XVII в., проживали на Днепре еще ...до основания Киева. С учетом данных археологии и лингвистики, автором дается обоснование их восточногерманского происхождения и примерная локализация на карте позднеантичной ойкумены. Отдельно оговаривается соотношение двух исходов: Кия с братьями – с севера на «варяжские» территории в Поднепровье и носителей древностей киевской археологической культуры – в готские земли Северного Причерноморья. Автором обосновывается мнение о существовании в прошлом восточнославянской эпической песни, в которой древние готы «державы» Эрманариха упоминались как насельники низовий Днепра задолго до исхода славян. В статье подтверждается часть оригинальных свидетельств малоизученного позднелетописного топоса (XVII в.) о «разбойнике» Кие, основавшем город Киев. Автор выдвигает идею, согласно которой новгородский летописец не только хотел «принизить» Киев, но и попытался переработать некий фольклорный сюжет. По мнению автора, в утерянной эпической песни речь шла именно о готах, которых летописец по ряду причин назвал «варягами». В песни «варяги» заселяли территорию Нижнего Поднепровья – именно этот локус являлся центром гревтунгского «королевства» Эрманариха (ок. 350 – ок. 376), где располагалась его «столица» (отождествляется с городищем Башмачка). При разборе оригинального места из предания о «разбойнике» Кие автором были использованы современные данные археологии, лингвистики и физической антропологии, что придает несомненную новизну настоящему исследованию.
The article deals with the issue of the ethnic origin of the Varangians. According to an ancient legend preserved by the Russian sources of the second half of the 17th century, they had lived on the banks of the Dnieper before Kiev was founded. Taking into account archeological and linguistic data, the author provides justification for their East Germanic origin and approximate location on the map of the late antique ecumene. As a separate issue, the author considers the relation between the exodus of Kyi and his brothers from the north to the Varangian territories in the Dnieper region and the exodus of the bearers of the Kiev archaeological cultural antiquities to the Gothic lands of the Northern Black Sea region. The author substantiates the opinion about the existence of an East Slavic heroic song in the past, in which the ancient Goths of the realm of Ermanaric were mentioned as inhabitants of the lower reaches of the Dnieper long before the exodus of the Slavs. The article confirms some of the original evidence of a little-studied late chronicle topos (17th century) about Kyi the robber who founded the city of Kiev. The author puts forward the idea that not only did the Novgorod chronicler want to belittle Kiev, but he also tried to rework a certain folklore plot. According to the author, the lost heroic song referred to the Goths, whom the chronicler called the Varangians for a number of reasons. In the song, the Varangians inhabited the territory of the Lower Dnieper. This locus was the center of the Greuthungian realm of Ermanaric (ca. 350 – ca. 376), where its capital was located (it is identified with the settlement of Bashmachka). When analyzing the original excerpt from the legend about Kyi the robber, the author used the present-day data from archeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology, which lends undoubted novelty to this study.
The paper focuses on the media image construal of the Slavs against the backdrop of the Brexit procedure. The objective of the author is to examine the cognitive-discursive mechanisms of representing ...the West, East, and South Slav national groups in the British media in the context of Britain’s withdrawal. The author employed the cognitive-discursive analysis, integrating advances of European and Russian linguistics. The term “discourse-world of Brexit” is considered to be a conceptually complex discourse-level structure, serving as a background against which the national images stand out. It is argued that images of the Slavs are organized by frames that enable media managers to negatively or neutrally evaluate members and non-members of the European Union. The media frames structuring the national images are systematized. Examples from the news on the web corpus are used to prove that images of the Slavs are discursively constrained and biased. The results might present interest for further investigation of prejudices in the media
Стаття присвячена одній з ритуальних функцій даху в традиційній культурі, а саме його використанню для принесення жертв, зокрема кривавих. В уявленнях багатьох народів світу дах будинку символічно ...співвідносився з небом, верхнім ярусом світобудови, і був призначений для комунікації з іншим світом. Саме на ньому закономірно розгортався жертовний обряд. Одним із найяскравіших прикладів такого обряду в західних слов’ян було жертвоприношення цапа, що відбувалося саме на даху. Воно було характерним для Чехії, Верхньої Сілезії й Лужиць, маючи характер театралізованого дійства з елементами весільної обрядовості й народного права. The article deals with one of the ritual functions of the roof in traditional culture, namely its use for making sacrifices, including the bloody ones. In the religious ideas of many peoples of the world, the roof of the house was symbolically associated with the sky, the upper tier of the universe and was intended for communication with the other world. It was on it that the sacrificial rite naturally unfolded. One of the most vivid examples of such a ceremony among the Western Slavs was the sacrifice of a goat, which took place exactly on the roof. It was characteristic of the Czech Republic, Upper Silesia, and Lusatia, having the character of a theatrical action with elements of wedding rituals and folk law
The Republic of Turkey is currently playing an active role on the world stage, strengthening its position as a regional leader and quickly responding to international events. For the territory of the ...Ottoman Empire, control over the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, there has always been a fierce rivalry between the great powers, this was especially acute between Great Britain and Russia. History shows that the confrontation between the countries of the West and Russia, which began in the early modern period, continues to the present, regardless of the region. In this context, the author addresses the issue of the struggle of the great powers to strengthen their positions in the strategically important areas of the Ottoman Empire in the last third of the 19th century. The author sets out to show the rivalry of the great powers for strengthening their positions in the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s-1870s in the context of the growth of the liberation aspirations of the conquered peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, which led to another aggravation of the problem of the Eastern Question. It is shown that the national liberation struggle of the conquered peoples was a bargaining chip in the geopolitical game of the great powers. The motives for the participation of the great powers in resolving the Eastern Question, attempts to diplomatically put pressure on the Port on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 are revealed. It is concluded that Russia had exhausted all diplomatic methods of influencing Porto before declaring war on it in 1877, ending the Turkish-Ottoman legal dominion of the Bulgarians over the Balkans. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as a combination of comparative historical, historical systemic and historical genetic methods. The empirical basis of the study is a set of documents that made it possible to objectively assess the positions of the great powers in their struggle for the territory of the Ottoman Empire, to show the intricacies of their policies and rivalry on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878.
The article deals with the issue of the ethnic origin of the Varangians. According to an ancient legend preserved by the Russian sources of the second half of the 17th century, they had lived on the ...banks of the Dnieper before Kiev was founded. Taking into account archeological and linguistic data, the author provides justification for their East Germanic origin and approximate location on the map of the late antique ecumene. As a separate issue, the author considers the relation between the exodus of Kyi and his brothers from the north to the Varangian territories in the Dnieper region and the exodus of the bearers of the Kiev archaeological cultural antiquities to the Gothic lands of the Northern Black Sea region. The author substantiates the opinion about the existence of an East Slavic heroic song in the past, in which the ancient Goths of the realm of Ermanaric were mentioned as inhabitants of the lower reaches of the Dnieper long before the exodus of the Slavs. The article confirms some of the original evidence of a little-studied late chronicle topos (17th century) about Kyi the robber who founded the city of Kiev. The author puts forward the idea that not only did the Novgorod chronicler want to belittle Kiev, but he also tried to rework a certain folklore plot. According to the author, the lost heroic song referred to the Goths, whom the chronicler called the Varangians for a number of reasons. In the song, the Varangians inhabited the territory of the Lower Dnieper. This locus was the center of the Greuthungian realm of Ermanaric (ca. 350 – ca. 376), where its capital was located (it is identified with the settlement of Bashmachka). When analyzing the original excerpt from the legend about Kyi the robber, the author used the present-day data from archeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology, which lends undoubted novelty to this study.
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