This article argues that the genre of televised sports punditry primarily developed from newspaper columnists and sports talk radio hosts, with the outrage discourse that dominated both sports and ...political talk radio transitioning seamlessly to television. This article engages in a critical production study of shows such as ESPN's The Sports Reporters, the network's flagship newscast SportsCenter, and ESPN2's SportsNight, which became centers for "infotainment," merging more traditional news reporting with popular culture references and distinctive personalities in order to expand the network's audiences and profitability. The article argues that while televised sports punditry demonstrated a greater commitment to on-air racial and gender diversity than political punditry, it simultaneously centered and privileged the white masculinity dominating both sports columns in newspapers and sports talk radio shows. This article also links early sports pundit programs to a brief history of contemporary political punditry on cable television news and a larger industrial shift from broadcast to the "narrowcasting" era of cable.
Twentieth-century land management has altered the structure and composition of mixed-conifer forests and decreased their resilience to fire, drought, and insects in many parts of the Interior West. ...These forests occur across a wide range of environmental settings and historical disturbance regimes, so their response to land management is likely to vary across landscapes and among ecoregions. However, this variation has not been well characterized and hampers the development of appropriate management and restoration plans. We identified mixed-conifer types in central Oregon based on historical structure and composition, and successional trajectories following recent changes in land use, and evaluated how these types were distributed across environmental gradients. We used field data from 171 sites sampled across a range of environmental settings in two subregions: the eastern Cascades and the Ochoco Mountains.
We identified four forest types in the eastern Cascades and four analogous types with lower densities in the Ochoco Mountains. All types historically contained ponderosa pine, but differed in the historical and modern proportions of shade-tolerant vs. shade-intolerant tree species. The Persistent Ponderosa Pine and Recent Douglas-fir types occupied relatively hot-dry environments compared to Recent Grand Fir and Persistent Shade Tolerant sites, which occupied warm-moist and cold-wet environments, respectively. Twentieth-century selective harvesting halved the density of large trees, with some variation among forest types. In contrast, the density of small trees doubled or tripled early in the 20th century, probably due to land-use change and a relatively cool, wet climate. Contrary to the common perception that dry ponderosa pine forests are the most highly departed from historical conditions, we found a greater departure in the modern composition of small trees in warm-moist environments than in either hot-dry or cold-wet environments. Furthermore, shade-tolerant trees began infilling earlier in cold-wet than in hot-dry environments and also in topographically shaded sites in the Ochoco Mountains. Our new classification could be used to prioritize management that seeks to restore structure and composition or create resilience in mixed-conifer forests of the region.
På baggrund af et antropologisk feltarbejde i Wisconsin i USA fra august til november 2017 udforsker denne artikel, hvordan nuværende og tidligere amerikanske universitetsstuderende forholder sig til ...deres studiegæld. Samtalepartnerne i artiklen er nogle af USA’s i alt 44 millioner skyldnere med studiegæld.
Few transformations in American politics have been as important as the integration of African Americans into the Democratic Party and the Republican embrace of racial policy conservatism. The story ...of this partisan realignment on race is often told as one in which political elites-such as Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwater-set in motion a dramatic and sudden reshuffling of party positioning on racial issues during the 1960s.Racial Realignmentinstead argues that top party leaders were actually among the last to move, and that their choices were dictated by changes that had already occurred beneath them. Drawing upon rich data sources and original historical research, Eric Schickler shows that the two parties' transformation on civil rights took place gradually over decades.
Schickler reveals that Democratic partisanship, economic liberalism, and support for civil rights had crystallized in public opinion, state parties, and Congress by the mid-1940s. This trend was propelled forward by the incorporation of African Americans and the pro-civil-rights Congress of Industrial Organizations into the Democratic coalition. Meanwhile, Republican partisanship became aligned with economic and racial conservatism. Scrambling to maintain existing power bases, national party elites refused to acknowledge these changes for as long as they could, but the civil rights movement finally forced them to choose where their respective parties would stand.
Presenting original ideas about political change,Racial Realignmentsheds new light on twentieth and twenty-first century racial politics.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between hydroelectric energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the USA from 1980:1 to 2019:8 by using the wavelet transform model. This ...research revealed that (a) in the short runs (at higher frequencies), hydro energy uses intensified CO2 emissions for the periods 1990:01–1992:12, 1994:01–1994:12, and 2002:07–2007:11, and (b) during the longer periods (at lower frequencies), however, hydro energy consumption diminished CO2 emissions for the periods 1983:01–2001:12 and 2011:01–2017:03.
The paper explained as well why hydro energy can yield adverse and affirmative contributions to Greenhouse gas emissions by emphasizing the role of energy generation from hydro plants in shorter runs and longer runs in the USA considering all sub-samples of the sample period 1980:1–2019:8. This research eventually suggests some energy policies to enhance the positive environmental influences of hydropower energy production in the USA.
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