Vital and Valuable Koch, James V; Swinton, Omari H
2023, 2023-02-14
eBook
Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are a crucial element of higher education in the United States. In Vital and Valuable, two distinguished economists provide a groundbreaking ...empirical analysis of HBCUs and offer actionable policy recommendations.
This book serves as a sourcebook to enhance and evaluate safety programs, generate new solutions and interventions, comply with new legislation, and present practical steps and guidelines to ...establish best practices. It pays particular attention to the factors that may give rise to crime, considering high-risk drinking and examining the intersection between hate crimes and violence. Devoting chapters to discrimination in all its forms, whether against international students, students of color, or on the basis of ethnicity or sexual orientation, it reviews the range of issues relating to harassment and violence against women and engages with hazing and the presence of guns on campus. The authors pay attention to the different circumstances that may apply in specific institutional types, such as community colleges and minority-serving institutions. They offer perspectives from administrators, campus security, student affairs personnel, faculty and policy makers. The purpose is to provide readers with the context and tools to devise a comprehensive safety plan. For administrators operating with few formal support systems, advice is given on how to co-opt individuals and resources from around the campus and the local community to assist in maintaining a safe and welcoming campus. Click here for press release.
► Policy can successfully establish organisational supports for knowledge transfer. ► Supports appear less important for knowledge transfer than capability and strategic priorities. ► Research ...intensive universities perform significantly more knowledge transfer activity. ► Less research intensive universities place greater strategic emphasis on the regional economy.
As the innovation process has become more open and networked, Government policy in the UK has sought to promote both research excellence in the university sector and the translation of this into economic benefit through university–business engagement. However, this policy approach has tended to be applied uniformly with little account for organisational differences within the sector. In this paper we consider if differences between universities in their research performance is reflected in their knowledge transfer activity. Specifically, as universities develop a commercialization agenda are the strategic priorities for knowledge transfer, the organisational supports in place to facilitate knowledge transfer and the scale and scope of knowledge transfer activity different for high research intensive (HRI) and low research intensive (LRI) universities? The findings demonstrate that universities’ approach to knowledge transfer is shaped by institutional and organisational resources, in particular their ethos and research quality, rather than the capability to undertake knowledge transfer through a Technology Transfer Office (TTO). Strategic priorities for knowledge transfer are reflected in activity, in terms of the dominance of specific knowledge transfer channels, the partners with which universities engage and the geography of business engagement.
Transformation of university governance Kretek, Peter M; Dragsic, Zarko; Kehm, Barbara M
Higher education,
2013, 20130101, 1-2013, 2013-01-00, 2013-1-00, Volume:
65, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In this conceptual contribution to the study of university governance the authors will approach potential patterns of behavior of key decision-makers at central university level, i.e. roles of ...governance actors, as well as the set of factors that shape and constrain the governance actor's room of manoevre and provide avenues to explain varying role enactments through an actor analysis of members of the newly introduced university boards. In a first part the introduction and empowerment of university boards in European higher education institutions is described as a building block of the transformation of university governance. In the second part the main hypothesis derived is that, in governance practice, board members enact roles which are not only shaped and constrained by formal institutions, as given by the organizational context and regulatory structure, but also by conformable, appropriate and legitimate role expectations of central role senders. As a showcase analysis, the roles of university board members are conceptually explored. Especially in the context of recent reform processes, board members who tend to have a varied status set, very often find themselves in a troubling situation of conflicting role expectations, leading to high levels of role conflicts and role ambiguity. It is the aim of this paper to sketch and examine the factors that contribute to the different roles university board members may take (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
This paper surveys the existing fragmentary data on the growth of university-owned patents and university-invented patents in Europe. We find evidence that university patenting is growing, but this ...phenomenon remains heterogeneous across countries and disciplines. We found some evidence that university licensing is not profitable for most universities, although some do succeed in attracting substantial additional revenues. This might be due to the fact that patents and publications tend to go hand in hand. In a dynamic setting however, we fear that the increase in university patenting exacerbates differences across universities in terms of financial resources and research outcome.
Identifica-se como importante desafio da democratizaçao do acesso ao conhecimento e a formaçao superior o fato de que "La educación superior se há vuelto una empresa social cada vez mas costosa a ...nível mundial" (CINDA IBEROAMERICA 2016, p. 18), entre outros motivos em razao da pressao pela produçao, circulaçao e uso de um conhecimento cada vez mais "transnational" e "transnacionalizado", conforme requerimentos de agencias multilaterals e as métricas dos padrôes de avaliaçâo focados no modelos de world class universities.Personal Docente apresenta um quadro geral da heterogeneidade da profissáo docente mediante a diversificaçâo institucional e de reformulaçâo de cursos que tem caracterizado a educaçâo superior da América Latina nos últimos tempos, nesse sentido apresentando gráficos comparativos e evolutivos da profissáo.O sexto capítulo apresenta as modalidades de gestao das instituiçöes universitárias e nao universitárias (públicas e privadas), incluindo aí instituiçöes mantenedoras e mantidas, as que tém autonomia universitária e as que nao a possuem, as formas que as rege e como sao regidas, bem como as legislaçöes e diretrizes que atendem.Nos dois relatórios, as características especiais da obra sao seus levantamentos de dados e a análise da situaçao da educaçao superior, no Brasil e na América latina, compondo um acervo de dados sobre o espaço ibero-americano de conhecimento.
Laursen K., Reichstein T. and Salter A. Exploring the effect of geographical proximity and university quality on university-industry collaboration in the United Kingdom, Regional Studies. This paper ...concerns the geographical distance between a firm and the universities in its local area. It is argued that firms' decisions to collaborate with universities for innovation are influenced by both geographical proximity to universities and the quality of these universities. The findings show that being located close to a lower-tier university reduces the propensity for firms to collaborate locally, while co-location with top-tier universities promotes collaboration. However, it is also found that if faced with the choice, firms appear to give preference to the research quality of the university partner over geographical closeness. This is particularly true for high-research and development intensive firms.
Laursen K., Reichstein T. et Salter A. Examiner l'impact de la proximité géographique et de la qualité des universités sur la collaboration industrialo-universitaire aux Etats-Unis, Regional Studies. Cet article traite de l'importance de la distance géographique entre une enterprise et les universités environnantes. On affirme que les décisions de l'entreprise quant aux possibilités de collaborer dans le domaine de l'innovation sont influencées à la fois par la proximité géographique des universités et par la qualité de ces universités. Les résultats laissent voir que la proximité des universités de rang inférieur réduit la propension des entreprises à collaborarer sur le plan local, tandis qu'un emplacement à proximité des universités de rang supérieur encourage la collaboration. Néanmoins, il s'avère aussi que, par choix, les entreprises semblent préférer un partenariat universitaire fondé sur la qualité de la recherche que sur la proximité géographique des universités. Cela vaut notamment pour les entreprises à fort niveau de recherche-développement.
Collaboration industrialo-universitaire Proximité géographique Qualité des universités
Laursen K., Reichstein T. und Salter A. Die Auswirkung der geografischen Nähe und der Qualität von Universitäten auf die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Universitäten und Industrie in Großbritannien, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir den geografischen Abstand zwischen einer Firma und den Universitäten in ihrer Umgebung. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Entscheidungen von Firmen, im Bereich der Innovation mit Universitäten zusammenzuarbeiten, sowohl von der geografischen Nähe zu Universitäten als auch von der Qualität dieser Universitäten beeinflusst werden. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass die Nähe zu einer Universität der unteren Stufe die Bereitschaft von Firmen zur lokalen Zusammenarbeit senkt, während die Nähe zu einer Universität der obersten Stufe die Zusammenarbeit fördert. Gleichzeitig stellen wir aber auch fest, dass Firmen, wenn sie die Wahl haben, offensichtlich der Forschungsqualität der Partneruniversität einen höheren Stellenwert einräumen als der geografischen Nähe. Dies gilt vor allem für Firmen mit einem hohen Anteil an Forschung und Entwicklung.
Zusammenarbeit zwischen Universitäten und Industrie Geografische Nähe Qualität von Universitäten
Laursen K., Reichstein T. y Salter A. Análisis del efecto de proximidad geográfica y la calidad universitaria en la colaboración entre la universidad y la industria en el Reino Unido, Regional Studies. Este artículo trata sobre la distancia geográfica entre una empresa y las universidades en su comunidad. Sostenemos que las decisiones de las empresas de colaborar con universidades para la innovación están influenciadas por la proximidad geográfica a las universidades y la calidad de las mismas. Los resultados muestran que si una empresa está ubicada cerca de una universidad de nivel inferior, se reduce su predisposición a colaborar localmente, mientras que estar ubicado cerca de una universidad de nivel superior fomenta la colaboración. Sin embargo, también observamos que si tienen la opción de elegir, parece que las empresas dan preferencia a la calidad de investigación de la universidad socia en vez de la proximidad geográfica. Este hecho se pone particularmente de manifiesto en empresas con alto nivel de investigación y desarrollo.
Colaboración universidad-industria Proximidad geográfica Calidad universitaria
This paper explores integrity dilemmas experienced by Russian academics in the context of building a world‐class university. Interviews with professors and managers of major research universities in ...Moscow provide critical insights into the organisational and attitudinal incongruities generated by a coercive state—a challenge that Russia has been unable to rise above following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Scepticism as to the “master model” of competitive performance is evident in relation to the Russian 5‐100‐2020 excellence scheme, the overseers of which prioritise “reputation management” over integrity in governance and performance. In addition to exposing the consequences of deficient institutional autonomy, which prevail in the context of a post‐totalitarian society, this paper calls for enhanced critical inquiry into university excellence programmes imposed by performativist and vanity‐driven governments.
Абстракт
В этой статье исследуются дилеммы целостности, с которыми сталкиваются российские ученые в контексте создания университета мирового класса. Интервью с профессорами и руководителями крупных исследовательских университетов в Москве дают возможность критически оценить организационные несоответствия, порожденные принудительным государством ‐ проблемой, с которой Россия не смогла справиться после распада Советского Союза. Скептицизм в отношении «мастер‐модели» глобальной конкурентоспособности очевиден в отношении российской государственной инициативы 5‐100‐2020, надзорные органы которой отдают предпочтение «управлению репутацией» над управленческой добропорядочностью и выполнением задач. Анализируя последствия недостаточной институциональной автономии, которые преобладают в контексте пост‐тоталитарного общества, эта статья подчеркивает необходимость более критического подхода к изучению правительственных программ глобальной конкуренции, движимых перформативизмом и тщеславием.
