The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from Eurasia. In Spain, natural populations of V. vinifera ...ssp. sylvestris can still be found along river banks. In this work, we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in Spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear SSR loci. We have also analysed the possible coexistence in the natural habitat of wild grapevines with naturalized grapevine cultivars and rootstocks. In this way, phenotypic and genetic analyses identified 19% of the collected samples as derived from cultivated genotypes, being either naturalized cultivars or hybrid genotypes derived from spontaneous crosses between wild and cultivated grapevines. The genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations was similar than that observed in the cultivated group. The molecular analysis showed that cultivated germplasm and wild germplasm are genetically divergent with low level of introgression. Using a model‐based approach implemented in the software structure, we identified four genetic groups, with two of them fundamentally represented among cultivated genotypes and two among wild accessions. The analyses of genetic relationships between wild and cultivated grapevines could suggest a genetic contribution of wild accessions from Spain to current Western cultivars.
Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to grape growth, development, and fruit quality. Grafting is considered to be a useful method to improve plant adaptability to Cd stress in grape production. However, ...little information is available on how Cd stress affects grafted grapes. In this study, the effects of Cd on Shine Muscat grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Shine Muscat’) were studied under different “Cd treatments” concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg kg‐1) and “rootstock treatments” (SO4, 5BB, and 3309C). The results showed that low levels of Cd had hormesis effect and activated the grape antioxidant system to eliminate the ROS induced by Cd stress. The antioxidant capacity of the SM/3309C rootstock combination was stronger than that of the other two groups under low-concentration Cd stress. Moreover, the rootstock effectively sequestered a substantial amount of Cd, consequently mitigating the upward translocation of Cd to the aboveground portions. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed several important pathways enriched in ABC transporters, flavonoid biosynthesis, Plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism under Cd stress. WGCNA analysis identified a hub gene, R2R3-MYB15, which could promote the expression of several genes (PAL, 4CL, CYP73A, ST, CHS, and COMT), and alleviate the damage caused by Cd toxicity. These findings might shed light on the mechanism of hormesis triggered by low Cd stress in grapes at the transcriptional and metabolic levels.
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•The transcriptome and metabolome of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape grafted on three rootstocks under Cd stress were determined.•Low levels of Cd had hormesis effect and activated the grape antioxidant system.•Three lignin synthesis genes (PAL, 4CL, and COMT) were up-regulated under Cd stress.•R2R3-MYB15 as a hub gene plays an important role in Cd stress.
While unique bacterial and fungal communities are identified in various vineyard habitats, including soils, roots, and trunks, the impact of soil microbiota on the structure of communities colonizing ...the fruit surface remains puzzling. Our focus encompasses three aspects: the influence of soil microbiota on the surface microbiota of berries, the patterns of co-occurrence across different biological kingdoms, and a comparative analysis of the soil microbiota’s impact on both endophytic and epiphytic fungi that colonize grape berries. The Aureobasidium and Alternaria genera dominated mature berries but were noticeably absent or in low abundance in soil, while Basidiomycota featured prominently in both vineyard soils and on grape berries. Comparisons between soil and grape berry microbiota challenged the notion of a direct connection, revealing low overlap. Co-occurrence analysis unveiled habitat-specific networks, emphasizing alternative sources for berry colonization. This echoes earlier reports of limited correlation in microbial communities between soil and grape berries. In this study, we broaden our inquiry by incorporating data from a published study. This enables us to conduct a comparative analysis of the soil fungal metagenome, focusing on the endophytic and epiphytic microbiota associated with grape berries. Regional comparisons demonstrated differences in community diversity and dissimilarity in microbial profiles, emphasize the influence of local conditions, suggesting that the microbial composition of vineyards is shaped by region-specific factors. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of soil and grape microbiota interactions, offering crucial insights for advancing our comprehension of vineyard ecosystems and informing agricultural and viticultural practices.
•ITS and 16 s metabarcoding was performed in the microbiota of bulk soil and grape surface.•Bulk soil and grape berry epiphytic microbiota exhibited low co-occurrence.•Comparisons between soil and grape berry microbiota challenged the notion of a direct connection.•Co-occurrence analysis unveiled habitat-specific networks, emphasizing alternative sources for berry colonization.•The soil displayed a higher overlap in fungi among diverse regions compared to grape berries.
•Winemaking process affects the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wine.•Main changes are hydrolysis of polyphenols and formation of anthocyanin pigments.•MRA showed high correlation ...between phenolic profile and AC at steps of winemaking.•Anthocyanins were the main compounds with significant contribution to the AC.
The evolution of phenolic compounds and their relationship with the antioxidant capacity (AC) of samples taken along the winemaking process of three Vitis vinifera L. cv., Syrah, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon grown in Argentina were studied. Forty-five compounds were identified by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, while the AC was determined by FRAP, ABTS and DPPH assays. Results show that phenolic composition and AC vary along the winemaking process and between varieties. Multiple regression analysis showed a high correlation between phenolic composition and AC of samples, being anthocyanins the main family with significant contribution to AC. In addition, quantitative differences in specific phenolic compounds help to explain differences in AC observed between varieties. A high phenolic content and bioactivity still remain in pomaces which support its use as an inexpensive source of antioxidants.
Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors that affect grape growth and yield, which in turn negatively affects the grape and wine production industry. Developing effective approaches to ...improve grapevine tolerance to drought stress is a priority for viticulture. Strigolactones, a newly discovered class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, have been found to participate in various physiological processes. Herein, the effect of strigolactones (SLs) on grape seedlings under drought stress was investigated. Two-year-old grape seedlings (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 3 doses of rac-GR24 (1 μM, 3 μM and 5 μM), a synthesized strigolactone, and then were subjected to 7% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) to simulate the drought conditions. Synthetic GR24 treated plants showed higher tolerance to drought stress with regard to lower electrolyte leakage, stomatal opening, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. GR24 application also decreased the levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR), while increasing the level of abscisic acid (ABA), both in the roots and leaves under drought stress. These results suggested that foliar application of GR24 could ameliorate the adverse effects of drought due to its regulation of stomatal closure through ABA or ROS, and modulation of chlorophyll components and photosynthesis, as well as activation of the antioxidant defense capacity. Cross-talk with other hormones, especially ABA, was also suggested to be one of the important mechanism during this process. This study contributes to our current understanding of GR24-induced drought tolerance in grapevines.
•GR24 pretreatment alleviates the adverse effects of drought stress in grape seedlings.•Under drought stress, GR24 could better induce the stomatal closure.•GR24 could modulate the chlorophyll components and dampened the decrease of photosynthesis induced by drought.•Cross-talk of SLs with other hormones, especially ABA, may be one of the important mechanism in drought response.•This is the first attempt for SLs to be used in horticultural fruit tree-grape.
In questa nota sono presentati i risultati delle determinazioni del profilo degli antociani e dei flavonoli di vini prodotti con uve di alcune varietà a frutto colorato prodotte a Nord della ...Svizzera, nel cantone di Schaffhausen , nella regione di Klettgau. I vini sono stati ottenuti da uve delle varietà di
Vitis vinifera
Cabernet Dorsa, Gamaret, Dornfelder, Acolon e di un incrocio interspecifico Sylvaner × Müller Thurgau × Chambourcin (Regent). Il profilo degli antociani dei vini delle varietà di
Vitis vinifera
studiate è risultato a netta prevalenza di molecole trisostituite all'anello laterale (soprattutto malvidina-3-glucoside e suoi derivati acilati). Il vino Regent si è rivelato ricco di antociani 3,5-diglucosidi (soprattutto della malvidina) che hanno superato in proporzione i monoglucosidi. Di rilevante interesse è risultato il profilo dei flavonoli per la presenza nei vini, appena dopo la fine della fermentazione alcolica, di quercetina aglicone, di solito assente nell'uva. I vini Acolon e Regent sono risultati i più ricchi di quercetina aglicone. L'origine della quercetina aglicone nei vini esaminati in questo lavoro è stata attribuita all'idrolisi che le forme glicosilate di questo flavonolo hanno subito, probabilmente per via enzimatica, già durante la macerazione fermentativa.
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