This paper reports the current potentials of cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS). CGDS has been significantly developed to produce several functional solutions categorized as follows: deposits with a ...single powder nature, composites-based deposits, nanotechnological deposits and hybrid coating/substrate assemblies. CGDS process has improved in proficiency and is still gaining attention from scientists and industry. Covering a wide range of materials, both standard and advanced, this additive manufacturing process offers substantial applications for surface functionalization, structural or dimensional restoration, bulk production providing specific material properties, and art/decoration. Progress in terms of material processing capabilities and applications are ongoing. CGDS brings opportunities of better materials and innovative solutions. This review also indicates some recent challenges of cold spraying. Those represent future research directions to increase the enactment of CGDS as a proven viable innovative additive manufacturing method.
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•CGDS has been significantly developed to produce several functional solutions.•CGDS offers substantial applications for surface functionalization, restoration, bulk production, and art/decoration.•CGDS enables producing various deposits possibilities and hybrid coating/substrate assemblies.•Current challenges of cold gas dynamic spraying are reported.
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Wastewaters containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are generated daily in various industrial processes such as petroleum refining, petrochemical and metal finishing. Environmental ...and economic concerns related to the disposal of oily wastewaters emphasize demands for materials and methods that can effectively separate oil from water. Pressure-driven membrane processes have been employed for oil/water separations. The major challenge that hinders the suitability of membrane technology for industrial oily wastewater treatment is the adsorption of oil and surfactants onto the membrane surface and/or within the pores of the membrane, which severely deteriorates the membrane performance. Materials with both hydrophobic and oleophilic properties have attracted significant attention in recent years for oil removal from water. These oil-removing type of materials can be used for membrane filtration or selective and efficient absorption of oil from water. The application of oil-removing materials can successfully introduce special wettability to the oily wastewater treatment. However, these materials are fouled quickly by oil droplets because of their intrinsic oleophilic properties. The attached oil droplets on the membrane surface severely affect separation efficiency. Besides, the adhered oil droplets are hardly removable from the surface resulting in reduced life-cycle of oleophilic materials, and this thus necessitates the need for costly post-treatment processes. Therefore, it is essential to develop high-performance materials for oil/water separation with elevated separation efficiency and significant antifouling properties. This study aims to review the state-of-the-art superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic (SUS) membranes that are being developed to overcome the aforementioned challenges. This allows to probe the maximal potential of developing such materials, and to explore the feasibility of using these novel membranes for de-oiling processes conventionally performed using expensive and low-performance skim tanks and adsorbents. In this review, according to the various materials that have been used for membrane fabrication, development methods for membrane synthesis with SUS properties based on polymeric SUS membranes and organic-inorganic hybrid SUS membranes including grafting, non-solvent phase separation (NIPS) polymeric membrane with hierarchical glue/tape-free surface, surface coating, in situ mineralization combined with polymeric materials and surface coating of polymeric membranes with inorganic nanoparticles, respectively, are assessed, in view of suggesting the success potential of these methods.
The paper explores the advancements in hydrogen storage technologies and their implications for sustainability in the context of the hydrogen energy future. As the demand for clean and sustainable ...energy sources grows, hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution. The challenges and opportunities associated with scaling up hydrogen storage technologies are examined by exploration of emerging hydrogen storage techniques compares the strategies based on five advanced countries approaches and priorities. The outcomes showed that with the advancements in hydrogen storage technologies and their sustainability implications, policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders can make informed decisions to accelerate the transition towards a hydrogen-based energy future that is clean, sustainable, and resilient. Furthermore, key recommendations for stakeholders have been drawn to the pivotal role of hydrogen energy storage technologies in steering the transition towards a more sustainable, low-carbon future provides to foster the development and deployment of these technologies.
•Advancements in hydrogen storage tech drive sustainable energy solutions, meeting growing demand for clean sources.•Exploration of emerging hydrogen storage techniques reveals challenges and opportunities for scaling up.•Comparing strategies from advanced countries highlights diverse approaches and priorities in hydrogen storage.•Hydrogen storage advancements empower policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders to accelerate the transition.
•The presence of arsenic in groundwater is regarded as a significant human health threat.•Information on various functional adsorbents is assessed for removal potential for As.•The removal potential ...for As is assessed on the basis of key performance metrics.•The regeneration of sorbents and their disposal after the use are also discussed.
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The presence of arsenic in the water system has been a universal problem over the past several decades. Inorganic arsenic ions mainly occur in two oxidation states, As(V) and As(III), in the natural environment. These two oxidation states of arsenic ions are ubiquitous in natural waters and pose significant health hazards to humans when present at or above the allowable limits. Therefore, treatment of arsenic ions has become more stringent based on various techniques (e.g., membrane filtration, adsorption, and ion exchange). This paper aims to review the current knowledge on various functional adsorbents through comparison of removal potential for As on the basis of key performance metrics, especially the partition coefficient (PC). As a whole, novel materials exhibited far better removal performance for As(V) and As(III) than conventional materials. Of the materials reviewed, the advanced sorbent like ZrO(OH)2/CNTs showcased superior performances such as partition coefficient values of 584.6 (As(V) and 143.8 mol kg−1 M−1 (As(III) with excellent regenerability (>90 % of desorption efficiency after three sorption cycles). The results of this review are expected to help researchers to establish a powerful strategy for abatement of arsenic ions in wastewater.
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•Porous PIL preparation methods are compiled and discussed.•Applications for PIL materials according to porous size are reviewed.•Challenges in porosity control are highlighted.•The ...gaps in preparation methodologies and applications are identified.
Over the past few years porous materials have become a topic of intense research. Porous poly(ionic liquid)s combine the porous architecture with intrinsic ionic liquids properties. In all research areas, the quest for new and improved materials has targeted functional materials with enhanced specificity and efficiency towards the final application. The application of porous materials ranges from sensing, protein separation, solid-phase extraction, catalysis, to CO2 capture and reuse. Recently, the design, synthesis, and porosity control of poly(ionic liquid)s have been attempted through strategies that include classic polymerization techniques as well as molecular imprinting and aerogels production. This review aims at providing the recent advances on porous poly(ionic liquid)s, giving a critical perspective about the works in which key requirements for porosity induction are discussed. Several applications that rely on molecular interactions between the porous material and target compounds are presented, focusing mainly on CO2 capture and reuse, along with some challenges that the scientific community in this field need to be aware of.
To understand the complex physics of a system with strong electron-electron interactions, the ideal is to control and monitor its properties while tuning an external electric field applied to the ...system (the electric-field effect). Indeed, complete electric-field control of many-body states in strongly correlated electron systems is fundamental to the next generation of condensed matter research and devices. However, the material must be thin enough to avoid shielding of the electric field in the bulk material. Two-dimensional materials do not experience electrical screening, and their charge-carrier density can be controlled by gating. Octahedral titanium diselenide (1T-TiSe2) is a prototypical two-dimensional material that reveals a charge-density wave (CDW) and superconductivity in its phase diagram, presenting several similarities with other layered systems such as copper oxides, iron pnictides, and crystals of rare-earth elements and actinide atoms. By studying 1T-TiSe2 single crystals with thicknesses of 10 nanometres or less, encapsulated in two-dimensional layers of hexagonal boron nitride, we achieve unprecedented control over the CDW transition temperature (tuned from 170 kelvin to 40 kelvin), and over the superconductivity transition temperature (tuned from a quantum critical point at 0 kelvin up to 3 kelvin). Electrically driving TiSe2 over different ordered electronic phases allows us to study the details of the phase transitions between many-body states. Observations of periodic oscillations of magnetoresistance induced by the Little-Parks effect show that the appearance of superconductivity is directly correlated with the spatial texturing of the amplitude and phase of the superconductivity order parameter, corresponding to a two-dimensional matrix of superconductivity. We infer that this superconductivity matrix is supported by a matrix of incommensurate CDW states embedded in the commensurate CDW states. Our results show that spatially modulated electronic states are fundamental to the appearance of two-dimensional superconductivity.
Dry fruits and nutshells are biological capsules of outstanding toughness and strength with biomimetic potential to boost fiber-reinforced composites and protective structures. The strategies behind ...the Betholletia excelsa fruit mechanical performance were investigated with C-ring and compression tests. This last test was monitored with shearography and simulated with a finite element model. Microtomography and digital and scanning electron microscopy evaluated crack development. The fruit geometry, the preferential orientation of fibers involved in foam-like sclereid cells, promoted anisotropic properties but efficient energy dissipating mechanisms in different directions. For instance, the mesocarp cut parallel to its latitudinal section sustained higher forces (26.0 ± 2.8 kN) and showed higher deformation and slower crack propagation. The main toughening mechanisms are fiber deflection and fiber bridging and pullout, observed when fiber bundles are orthogonal to the crack path. Additionally, the debonding of fiber bundles oriented parallel to the crack path and intercellular cracks through sclereid and fiber cells created a tortuous path.
The structural complexity of metamaterials is limitless, but, in practice, most designs comprise periodic architectures that lead to materials with spatially homogeneous features. More advanced ...applications in soft robotics, prosthetics and wearable technology involve spatially textured mechanical functionality, which requires aperiodic architectures. However, a naive implementation of such structural complexity invariably leads to geometrical frustration (whereby local constraints cannot be satisfied everywhere), which prevents coherent operation and impedes functionality. Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy for the design of aperiodic, yet frustration-free, mechanical metamaterials that exhibit spatially textured functionalities. We implement this strategy using cubic building blocks-voxels-that deform anisotropically, a local stacking rule that allows cooperative shape changes by guaranteeing that deformed building blocks fit together as in a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, and three-dimensional printing. These aperiodic metamaterials exhibit long-range holographic order, whereby the two-dimensional pixelated surface texture dictates the three-dimensional interior voxel arrangement. They also act as programmable shape-shifters, morphing into spatially complex, but predictable and designable, shapes when uniaxially compressed. Finally, their mechanical response to compression by a textured surface reveals their ability to perform sensing and pattern analysis. Combinatorial design thus opens up a new avenue towards mechanical metamaterials with unusual order and machine-like functionalities.
The rise of intelligent matter Kaspar, C; Ravoo, B J; van der Wiel, W G ...
Nature,
06/2021, Volume:
594, Issue:
7863
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating the development of unconventional computing paradigms inspired by the abilities and energy efficiency of the brain. The human brain excels especially in ...computationally intensive cognitive tasks, such as pattern recognition and classification. A long-term goal is de-centralized neuromorphic computing, relying on a network of distributed cores to mimic the massive parallelism of the brain, thus rigorously following a nature-inspired approach for information processing. Through the gradual transformation of interconnected computing blocks into continuous computing tissue, the development of advanced forms of matter exhibiting basic features of intelligence can be envisioned, able to learn and process information in a delocalized manner. Such intelligent matter would interact with the environment by receiving and responding to external stimuli, while internally adapting its structure to enable the distribution and storage (as memory) of information. We review progress towards implementations of intelligent matter using molecular systems, soft materials or solid-state materials, with respect to applications in soft robotics, the development of adaptive artificial skins and distributed neuromorphic computing.
Water pollution caused by numerous pollutants has become one of the critical problems globally. Different technologies and materials are used for the treatment of wastewater. There is a need for ...protocols and procedures that act as guidelines for researchers to develop and evaluate new adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment. This review takes a step toward developing organized protocols and procedures for the synthesis of nanomaterials, polymers, and green materials as adsorbents used for water purification. In the present review, protocols, and procedures for the synthesis of adsorbents, such as nanomaterials, waste-derived materials, and polymers are proposed Furthermore, protocols for evaluating these materials for water treatment are provided. The reported protocols and procedures will provide guidelines for researchers and industrial workers to develop and evaluate new materials for water treatment.
•Protocols for preparing various adsorbents for water treatment have been highlighted.•Protocols of testing adsorbents for water treatment have been designed.•Procedures of column testing for water treatment have been designed.•Protocols and Procedures provide guidelines for researchers to develop and evaluate new materials for water treatment.
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