Background: Some suspected child victims of physical or sexual abuse undergo dental forensic examinations at child advocacy centers (CACs) in Norway. Their oral health history has not previously been ...studied. Objective: This study aimed to compare oral health history of CAC children to matched children. Additionally, the oral health history of children exposed to sexual abuse was compared to children exposed to physical abuse. Participants and setting: The CAC cohort included 100 children, 3–16 years. The matched cohort, with no known history of abuse, included 63 children. Methods: The retrospective study analyzed registered data in the children's dental records. Results: CAC children were more likely than matched children to have caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth, with incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.50 (95 % CI 1.01–2.25) and 1.92 (1.11–3.30). "Was Not Brought" to dental appointments was more than twice as likely, IRR 2.25 (1.31–3.86), in the CAC cohort. There were no significant differences in reports to the Child Protection Services or dental traumas. Suspected victims of sexual abuse had more caries, IRR 4.28 (2.36–7.77), and fillings, IRR 4.83 (2.55–9.16), in permanent teeth compared to suspected victims of physical abuse. Conclusions: CAC children were more likely to have caries experience and not show up for dental appointments than the matched children. Sexual abuse suspected had four times more caries experience than physical abuse suspected. This study supports the need for addressing oral health in risk evaluations concerning child abuse, and provides valuable information to dental professionals and prosecuting authorities.
Abstract
Introduction
Cleft non-governmental organizations (NGOs) collaborate with multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective cleft surgery in resource limited ...environments. Unfortunately, other significantly disabling conditions like burns, which require similarly multidisciplinary reconstructive interventions, often lack the same degree of local and international support. Therefore, cleft NGOs are well positioned to support essential reconstructive burn care through sustainable service delivery models like those developed for cleft care.
Methods
An NGO with experience delivering global cleft care established a collaborative effort in COUNTRY between local and international burn experts from to provide burn care. Preoperative screening was performed by a local burn surgeon to identify patients. Virtual conferences were held bi-weekly to discuss candidates and operative planning. Following 3 months or preparation, a 5-day surgical program with a mixed team of COUNTRY and international volunteers was held. Patient demographics, interventions, and outcomes were monitored to determine efficacy of this Cleft NGO at delivering essential burn reconstruction.
Results
Of the 52 burn patients who were screened, 32 were surgical candidates, and 20 received a total of 26 surgeries during the 5-day program. Average age was 17 ± 16 years with 65% (13) females and 25% (5) refugees. Most had scald (65%) or flame (30%) burns from household accidents with average age at burn of 8 ± 12 years. Random pattern flaps were used in all cases. Only 1 patient required supplementary skin grafting. Seven patients had multiple operative sites that were addressed with a 2-team approach. No perioperative complications occurred. All patients were followed-up by the in-country team between 7 and 42 days. Five patients presented with minor complications - 5 flaps with partial necrosis and 2 partial dehiscence. None required surgical intervention.
Conclusions
Cleft NGOs have the resources and experience that allows them to implement impactful surgical programs for other conditions that are critically lacking access to essential reconstructive care.
Applicability of Research to Practice
Cleft NGOs can provide safe and effective burn surgery through collaborative local and international efforts aimed at sustainability and capacity building.
This study investigated the experiences of people with developmental disabilities in self-advocacy groups to better understand the self-advocacy movement, which is currently in its developing stage ...in Korea. Face-to-face interviews with 18 people with disabilities were conducted. Study participants got involved in self-advocacy groups with the expectation of 'voicing our stories', 'meeting new peers', and 'expanding the scope of activity in their local communities'. They participated in various activities from leisure to group advocacy against discrimination based on disability. After participating in self-advocacy groups, they expressed self-confidence, improved their communication skills, and developed new goals for their own lives. Participation in self-advocacy groups helped them replace feelings of loneliness with belonging and expanded their involvement in independent activities and leadership roles.
Points of interests
This article examines the experiences of people with developmental disabilities in self-advocacy groups in Korea.
People joined self-advocacy groups to tell their stories, meet new people, and participate in more activities in the community.
People developed communication, leadership, and self-determination skills and reported less loneliness, more confidence, and a greater sense of belonging.
People wanted to increase their self-advocacy group's activities and membership, have leadership roles, and further advocate for non-discrimination and equal rights for people with developmental disabilities.
Funding and supporters outside of service providers is suggested to give people with developmental disabilities equal power to lead the self-advocacy movement.
Despite research suggesting that pro‐environmental behaviors offer a range of positive benefits for organizations and that corporate social responsibility (CSR) positively affects employee behaviors ...and attitudes, very few studies have investigated how CSR affects pro‐environmental behaviours. As such, this study investigates the impact of perceived CSR on employees' pro‐environmental behaviours through organizational identification and coworkers' pro‐environmental advocacy. Using a multistage sampling technique, a survey of line managers was conducted across 32 hotels in the understudied context of Malaysia's hotel industry. Based on 331 completed questionnaires, the results suggest that perceived CSR activities drive organizational identification and trigger coworkers’ pro‐environmental advocacy, which in turn generate employees’ pro‐environmental behaviours. The study offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between perceived CSR and pro‐environmental behaviors and discusses the theoretical and research contributions and managerial implications.
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