Some accounts of the evolution of music suggest that it emerged from emotionally expressive vocalizations and serves as a necessary counterweight to the cognitive elaboration of language. Thus, ...emotional expression appears to be intrinsic to the creation and perception of music, and music ought to serve as a model for affect itself. Because music exists as patterns of changes in sound over time, affect should also be seen in patterns of changing feelings. Psychologists have given relatively little attention to these patterns. Results from statistical approaches to the analysis of affect dynamics have so far been modest. Two of the most significant treatments of temporal patterns in affect-sentics and vitality affects have remained outside mainstream emotion research. Analysis of musical structure suggests three phenomena relevant to the temporal form of emotion: affect contours, volitional affects, and affect transitions. I discuss some implications for research on affect and for exploring the evolutionary origins of music and emotions.
Este artículo pretende analizar cómo Cristina Rivera Garza construye memoria sobre el feminicidio de su hermana en El invencible verano de Liliana (2021). Se parte de observar que, al realizar un ...trabajo profundo con las memorias desde el presente, los marcos culturales desde los que se reconfiguran las experiencias pasadas proveen las herramientas y el lenguaje que inciden en la forma en que se rememora. En este sentido, el lenguaje y la perspectiva que aportan a Rivera Garza los feminismos tanto teóricos como activistas, detonan un tipo de mirada que activa las memorias desde otra situacionalidad. Se postula entonces que el recorrido que Rivera Garza realiza vincula las labores de investigación y montaje con la puesta en movimiento de afectos y recuerdos, configurando así un archivo otro, un mapa-plano móvil y multidimensional que traza conexiones desde el pasado hasta el presente. A través de este archivo, es posible reflexionar sobre el pasado con herramientas actuales y construir así una memoria dinámica que interpela a sus lectores, activándoles también. El dinamismo por el que apuesta, desde una obra difícilmente encasillable en un género en particular, es parte de su dimensión política.
How can one respond except with gratitude to those who have laboured to think through Being Political published twenty years ago? I call this labour of love performing a/the right to philosophy ...(understood as a style of thought and a critical activity). Recognising the impossibility of discussing in detail the questions raised about Being Political by seven articles and nine authors, I discuss a few for further reflection. The questions raised are essential questions and concern not only Being Political but also the most urgent questions of being political in our times including domination, emancipation, resistance, acts, actions, subjectivity, objectivity, affect, polity, and power. Moreover, the authors urge us to think about ourselves, our standpoint, and our positions when we are thinking about and acting on these questions. That citizenship as a concept and an institution of domination and emancipation elicits and provokes these questions indicates that citizenship remains a central question of our times as it has been for at least three thousand years.
Hopes for a better (techno) future Korjonen‐Kuusipuro, Kristiina; Wojciechowski, Adam
Human technology,
05/2023, Volume:
19, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
During the last few months, we have seen plenty of discussion about text-generating AI chatbots like ChatGPT. We have also seen many different kinds of affects and emotions connected to these tools. ...People are curious, suspicious, intrigued, or maybe even afraid of what our future will be like. Therefore, we need hope. In this editorial we want to stress the importance of hope and argue that people should not be left alone with suspicion, fear and doubt about how technology will change their future.
Theoretically, affective states have always been conceived as complex phenomena enabling individuals to respond flexibly and dynamically to environmental demands. Methodologically, the novel field of ...Affect Dynamics has started to analyze affective states as inherently dynamic and interdependent phenomena by focusing on how and why they fluctuate over time. Fluctuations of affective states can also be conceived as a function of individuals' ability to flexibly modulate their responses according to environmental demands. However, this ability has been sparsely investigated in different disciplines and domains, thus, engendering a plethora of terms and models. In this conceptual analysis, we first aimed to disentangle the puzzle of flexibility by outlining the distinctive cross-domain features of this concept, thus providing a novel comprehensive operationalization. We termed this novel unitary concept "mental flexibility," the general ability to variably adapt to environmental demands. Then, we outlined the interplay between individuals' mental flexibility and affect dynamics by proposing a novel psychometric model of affect dynamics, using Markovian chain.
Objective: Affective states and rumination have each been linked to suicidal ideation; however, to our knowledge, no studies have examined their interactive effect in predicting suicidal ideation in ...the short term. The present study examined the concurrent and short-term prospective relationships between affective states, rumination, and suicidal ideation using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method: A sample of 237 community-based adults at high risk for suicide (Mage = 27.12 years, 61.6% cisgender women) responded to six EMA prompts each day for 2 weeks that assessed their momentary affective states (depression, anxiety, happiness, hopelessness, agitation, irritability), rumination, and suicidal ideation. Results: Rumination moderated the relationship between concurrent affective states and suicidal ideation, at both the within-person and between-person levels. Specifically, the relations between affective states and suicidal ideation were stronger at higher levels of rumination. These interaction effects were not found when examining short-term prospective associations. Conclusions: Affective states and rumination may each confer risk for suicidal ideation in the short term, and rumination may serve as a catalyst of the link between affective states and suicidal ideation when examined concurrently. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study highlights rumination as an important moderating feature influencing of the relationship between emotions and suicidal ideation. Individuals who ruminate more, both in general and from moment to moment, have a stronger relationship between these affective states and suicidal ideation.
The COVID-19 pandemic as a public health issue has spread to the rest of the world. Although the wellbeing and emotional resilience of healthcare professionals are key components of continuing ...healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals have been observed in this period to experience serious psychological problems and to be at risk in terms of mental health. Therefore, this study aims to probe psychological resilience of healthcare workers. The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Psychological resilience levels of healthcare workers in their later years were found to be higher. Doctors constitute the group with the lowest levels of psychological resilience among healthcare workers. The current study is considered to have contributed to the literature in this regard. Primary needs such as sleep which are determinants of quality of life, life satisfaction and psychological resilience should be met.
ABSTRACT
Aims To investigate the short‐ and long‐term effect of psychological treatments of pathological gambling and factors relating to treatment outcome.
Design and setting This study provides a ...quantitative meta‐analytical review of psychotherapeutic treatments of pathological gambling. Studies were identified by computer search in the PsycINFO and Medline databases covering the period from 1966 to 2004, as well as from relevant reference lists.
Inclusion criteria The target problem was pathological gambling, the treatment was psychological, the study was published in English and outcomes directly pertaining to gambling were employed. Single case studies, studies where elimination of gambling not was the priority and studies with insufficient statistical information were excluded from the present meta‐analysis.
Participants A total of 37 outcome studies, published or reported between 1968 and 2004, were identified. Of these 15 were excluded, thus 22 studies were included, involving 1434 subjects. The grand mean age was 40.1 years. The overall proportion of men was 71.5%.
Measurements The included studies were coded for outcome measures of pathological gambling. For each condition, means and standard deviations for gambling‐related outcome measures, all based upon self‐reports or therapist ratings, were compiled at three points in time: baseline, post‐treatment and the last follow‐up reported.
Findings Effect sizes represent the difference between the mean score in a treatment condition and a control condition or the difference between mean scores at separated points in time for one group, expressed in terms of standard deviation units. At post‐treatment the analysis indicated that psychological treatments were more effective than no treatment, yielding an overall effect size of 2.01 (P < 0.01). At follow‐up (averaging 17.0 months) the corresponding effect size was 1.59 (P < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis showed that the magnitude of effect sizes at post‐treatment were lower in studies including patients with a formal diagnosis of pathological gambling only, compared to studies not employing such inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were also higher in randomized controlled trials compared to not randomized controlled trials, higher in within subjects designs compared to between subjects designs and also positively related to number of therapy sessions. No mediator variables were significantly related to the magnitude of the effect sizes at follow‐up.
Conclusion Psychological interventions for pathological gamble seem to be yield very favourable short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Currently, there are few empirical studies that demonstrate the effects of music on specific emotions, especially in the educational context. For this reason, this study was carried out to examine ...the impact of music to identify affective changes after exposure to three musical stimuli.
The participants were 71 university students engaged in a music education course and none of them were musicians. Changes in the affective state of non-musical student teachers were studied after listening to three pieces of music. An inter-subject repeated measures ANOVA test was carried out using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to measure their affective state.
The results revealed that: (i) the three musical experiences were beneficial in increasing positive affects and reducing negative affects, with significant differences between the interaction of Music Experiences × Moment (pre-post); (ii) listening to Mahler's sad fifth symphony reduced more negative affects than the other experimental conditions; (iii) performing the blues had the highest positive effects.
These findings provide applied keys aspects for music education and research, as they show empirical evidence on how music can modify specific affects of personal experience.
The Ordinary Affects of Law Wall, Illan rua
Law, culture and the humanities,
06/2023, Volume:
19, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The article examines the affective dynamics of law in the everyday. It insists upon the importance of ‘the background’ for thinking about law. In the everyday cut and thrust of daily life, law tends ...to fade into the background. It becomes unobtrusive, functioning from the background by structuring the capacity to act. In other words, it functions affectively. Key to law’s functioning is its ability to also move out from the background in certain crucial moments. In this it becomes obtrusive, taking centre stage in such a way that its former position in the background becomes imperceptible. The movements from background to foreground and back again are essential to begin to grasp the manner in which law functions with and through affect. Using the work of Kathleen Stewart, Hans Lindahl and Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos the article insists upon the importance of the affective dynamics of law. Developing the idea of nestled affects helps us to understand the movements from background to foreground.
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