Introduction: Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder is a common disorder in childhood, characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors. Aim: This study examines the ...effectiveness of balance training on static balance and selective attention in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Method: This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population was all 6-year-old children with ADHD referred to the center for child counseling in Gorgan in 2021-2022. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, The stork balance test and Stroop color and word test were used. The statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of covariance in SPSS-24. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the post-test mean of the experimental and control groups; This means that balance training can improve Static balance (p<0.001; F=19.45) and selective attention (p<0.001; F=28.63) in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion: The results showed that balance training is effective on selective attention and static balance in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, This exercise seems to be helpful in the rehabilitation program.
Purpose
Para‐alpine sit skiers face unique challenges in balance control due to their disabilities and the use of sit skis. This study assessed their multi‐joint coordination before and after ...slackline training.
Methods
Nine alpine sit skiers (6 M/3 F; 27 ± 8 years; height: 168.3 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 55.4 ± 6.9 kg) with different disabilities (LW10‐LW12) volunteered for the experiment. All subjects performed slackline training for 5 weeks (20 sessions). Joint kinematics were captured by vision‐based markerless motion analysis. Root mean square (RMS) amplitude, mean velocity and mean power frequency (MPF) were evaluated.
Results
After training, performance improved significantly with an increase in balance time (1041%, p = 0.002), and a decrease in joint angular velocities and RMS amplitude of the sit ski foot (p < 0.05). Joint synergies were developed through in‐ or anti‐phase movements between joint pairs, particularly involving the hip joints (continuous relative phase angles ~0° or 180°, p < 0.001). Multi‐joint coordination shifted from large‐RMS amplitude of elbows to low‐MPF large‐RMS amplitude of the hip and shoulders (p < 0.05), with a significant increase of hip weighting (77.61%, p = 0.031) in the principal component analysis. The coordination was maintained with the change of slackline tension (p < 0.05). Athletes with severe trunk disabilities (LW10) had shorter balance time and poorer coordination than athletes with full trunk functions (LW12).
Conclusions
Our findings showed the development of joint coordination involving better control of the hip and sit skis during the challenging slackline training task.
The study aims to compare how 3 balance platform designs affect ankle muscle activation during various functional exercises, all performed on the dominant limb.
Fifteen healthy, active participants ...performed single-leg stance, single-leg squat, and forward lunge on BOSU® Ball, wobble board, stability trainer, and flat ground. Surface electromyography was used to measure Peroneus Longus, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, and Soleus activation during these exercises on different platforms and flat ground. Repeated measures ANOVA with two factors (exercise and platform) were used for analysis.
There was a significant interaction between balance platforms and exercises (p < 0.05). Soleus displayed the highest activation amplitudes during the single leg stance and single leg squat on BOSU®, and peroneus longus displayed the greatest activation amplitudes during the forward lunge on BOSU® (p < 0.05).
The present study findings indicated that exercises conducted on a flexible platform resulted in greater muscle activation levels when compared to those executed on both a rigid platform and flat ground. Based on the level of ankle muscle activation in the current study, exercises for the ankle would progress from exercises on to a flat ground to on a BOSU® in order to achieve progressively greater ankle muscle activation.
Level III.
•BOSU® platform enhanced calf muscle activation in single-leg stance and squats compared to other platforms.•BOSU® enhance peroneus longus activation in single-leg stance and squats over wobble board.•BOSU® and wobble board enhance tibialis anterior activation in single-leg stance and squats vs. stability trainer.
•By training the non-affected ankle (Cross-education), clinicians can begin neuromuscular control (NMC) retraining before the patient can bear weight on the affected ankle (in the acute stage of ...healing, or even if there is any other precautions or contraindications to exercise due to injuries).•Athletes with more chronic injuries may be able to perform NMC retraining and functional retraining at higher levels than otherwise by initiating the training on the non-affected ankle.•Initiating balance training on the non-affected ankle will result in earlier improvements in postural control and function of the affected ankle.•Using cross-education of balance training with athletes in acute stage of LAS will shorten the rehabilitation time, assure fast return to sports or work and decrease health care costs.
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is frequently developed due to failure of the functional rehabilitation after acute ankle sprain. So, there is a need for an alternative way by which we can begin neuro-muscular control retraining sooner.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of 6-week Single-limb Balance Training Program of the non-affected side on the Overall Stability Index (OASI), Antero-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and the Medio-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI) of the affected side in females with unilateral CAI.
Thirty-two female patients with CAI with mean age 20.96 ± 1.69 years participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups: experimental group A (Cross-Education) (n = 11) performed the exercises for the non-affected side, experimental group B (Traditional Training) (n = 11) performed the exercises for the affected side, and Control group C (n = 10) did not perform any exercises. The randomization was done using statistical random tables. Data were collected using the Biodex Balance system before and after training.
Two-way mixed design MANOVA revealed that there were significant improvements in the mean values of the OASI, APSI and MLSI after training (p < .05) in both the Cross-Education group (A) and Traditional Training group (B) with no significant difference in-between for the OASI, MLSI and APSI after training. There was no significant difference (p > .05) between the pre and post-training mean values of the OASI, MLSI and APSI in the Control group (C).
Single-limb balance training for the non-affected side is effective in improving the postural control of the affected side in patients with CAI.
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive/neuromuscular training in preventing sports injuries by using the best available evidence from methodologically ...well-conducted randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials without randomization.
Two independent researchers performed a literature search in various electronic databases and reference lists. The reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion criteria and methodological quality and extracted the data. Focusing on studies of high methodological quality, relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate treatment effects.
From a total of 32 relevant studies, 7 methodologically well-conducted studies were considered for this review. Pooled analysis revealed that multi-intervention training was effective in reducing the risk of lower limb injuries (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.49-0.77, P < 0.01), acute knee injuries (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.28-0.76, P < 0.01), and ankle sprain injuries (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31-0.79, P < 0.01). Balance training alone resulted in a significant risk reduction of ankle sprain injuries (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46-0.9, P < 0.01) and a nonsignificant risk reduction for injuries overall (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.13-1.8, P = 0.28). Exercise interventions were more effective in athletes with a history of sports injury than in those without.
On the basis of the results of seven high-quality studies, this review showed evidence for the effectiveness of proprioceptive/neuromuscular training in reducing the incidence of certain types of sports injuries among adolescent and young adult athletes during pivoting sports. Future research should focus on the conduct of comparative trials to identify the most appropriate and effective training components for preventing injuries in specific sports and populations.
This study was conducted in a home-based context where trained occupational therapists delivered progressive physical exercise training and home modification intervention for preventing falls, namely ...the FIT-at-Home intervention. We assessed the feasibility of the intervention's content and mode of delivery from the occupational therapists' perspective as well as the feasibility of study procedures.
We used a mixed-methods approach, which generated qualitative data from 14 OTs' after delivering the intervention via interviews and quantitative data of the study procedures via questionnaires and documentation sheets.
In total, 16 of the 17 older people completed the intervention. Of 9 recorded falls, no serious physical problems occurred. Qualitative data suggested that the intervention content and mode was feasible. Only minor adaptations to the program are needed based on the users' feedback. The main benefit was seen in the fact that simple exercises can be integrated into everyday life for older people with restricted mobility.
The FIT-at-Home intervention comprising lifestyle-integrated balance and strength exercises and home safety is feasible for occupational therapists to deliver. The findings will help to further refine the intervention and study procedures.
Implications for rehabilitation
Falling is a frequent and serious health problem for many community-living older people, and the incidence of injurious falls increases with advancing age.
Home visiting programs comprising physical exercise training and home modification appear to be beneficial for older people with poor health, functional limitations, and limited mobility.
This study indicates that it is feasible to introduce lifestyle-integrated balance and strength exercises, performed as part of daily routine for older people at risk of falling.
Behavioural self-management strategies have the potential to improve the implementation of exercises during the course of rehabilitation treatment and afterward.
Background
In the last few years, virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly used to strengthen the effect of balance training (BT) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Objective
We performed a systematic ...review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effects of VR-BT relative to BT alone for improving balance and mobility PD subjects with balance/mobility difficulties.
Methods
Four electronic databases were searched: two reviewers independently selected RCTs, extracted data, and applied the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (version 2) and the GRADE framework for assessing the certainty of evidence. Primary outcomes were balanced (Berg Balance Scale-BBS), mobility (Timed Up and Go-TUG) and walking speed. Secondary outcomes were falls, walking distance and stability, spatial gait parameters, balance confidence, sensory integration ability, motor signs and quality of life.
Results
We included 22 studies (901 patients). Meta-analysis on fourteen trials (430 patients) showed a mean difference (MD) of 2.09 points (95% confidence interval CI 0.86–3.33) on BBS favoring VR-BT compared to BT (low certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses showed higher balance improvement in most affected subjects (moderate certainty evidence) and using VR rehabilitation-specific systems vs. VR non-specific systems. Eight trials (236 patients) assessing mobility showed a MD of 1.55 s (95% CI 0.04–3.06) on TUG favoring VR-BT (very low certainty evidence). No differences were observed in walking speed. Estimated effects were not maintained for any outcome at follow-up.
Conclusions
This review suggests that VR-BT is more effective than BT to improve balance in PD subjects immediately after training, particularly in individuals with higher postural instability at baseline.
Purpose
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects up to 40% of cancer survivors and is associated with functional deficits and an increased falls incidence. There are presently no ...strongly recommended treatment strategies for CIPN. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal exercise intervention on CIPN symptoms and related functional deficits, as well as neurophysiologic parameters.
Methods
All outcomes were assessed before and after an 8-week exercise intervention (3-weekly sessions) and preceding 8-week control period at baseline, pre-exercise and post-exercise. Outcome measures were objective and patient-reported CIPN, standing and dynamic balance, mobility, quality of life, and sensory and motor nerve excitability and conduction studies.
Results
Twenty-nine cancer survivors (8 male, 21 female; mean age 61.6 ± 11.8 years) with CIPN symptoms affecting function completed all assessments. Objective and patient-reported CIPN, dynamic balance, standing balance in eyes open conditions, mobility and quality of life were improved from pre- to post-exercise (4.0 <
F
< 10.2;
p
< .05), with no changes over the control period (
p
> .21). No changes were observed in sensory or motor neurophysiologic parameters (
p
> .23).
Conclusions
This study provides encouraging evidence of the rehabilitative potential of multimodal exercise for persisting CIPN in a post-treatment cohort. Large randomised controlled trials are justified to confirm observed benefits and determine the mechanisms and clinical significance.
Older adults exhibit impaired cognitive and balance performance, particularly under multi-task conditions, which can be improved through training. Compatibility of modality mappings in cognitive ...tasks (i.e., match between stimulus modality and anticipated sensory effects of motor responses), modulates physical and cognitive dual-task costs. However, the effects of modality specific training programs have not been evaluated yet. Here, we tested the effects of cognitive-postural multi-tasking training on the ability to coordinate task mappings under high postural demands in healthy older adults. Twenty-one adults aged 65-85 years were assigned to one of two groups. While group 1 performed cognitive-postural triple-task training with compatible modality mappings (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal dual n-back tasks), group 2 performed the same tasks with incompatible modality mappings (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual n-back tasks). Throughout the 6-weeks balance training intervention, working-memory load was gradually increased while base-of-support was reduced. Before training (T0), after a 6-week passive control period (T1), and immediately after the intervention (T2), participants performed spatial dual one-back tasks in semi-tandem stance position. Our results indicate improved working-memory performance and reduced dual-task costs for both groups after the passive control period, but no training-specific performance gains. Furthermore, balance performance did not improve in response to training. Notably, the cohort demonstrated meaningful interindividual variability in training responses. Our findings raise questions about practice effects and age-related heterogeneity of training responses following cognitive-motor training. Following multi-modal balance training, neither compatible nor incompatible modality mappings had an impact on the observed outcomes.
To determine the effect of Biodex training on lower limb functional performance, balance, pain and proprioception in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis patients.
The randomised controlled study was ...conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to June 2018, and comprised patients of both genders aged 35-65 years with bilateral knee osteoarthritis. The patients were randomised using sealed envelope method into two equal control and experimental groups. The former received traditional exercise programme, while the latter received balance training on Biodex and traditional exercise programme. Assessment was done at baseline and post-intervention, and the two values were compared both intra-group and inter-group. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 48 patients, there were 24(50%) in each of the two groups. Experimental group showed significant improvement in pain severity, overall stability and in terms of anteroposterior stability (p<0.05). There was significant improvement in both groups from the baseline (p<0.05).
Biodex balance training was found to be more effective in improving functional performance, stability, proprioception and in decreasing sway and pain compared to the traditional exercise programme.
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