In this research we investigate the possibility of designing a user interface for electronic commerce systems that will evoke target feelings in the customer. The focus is on the impact of visual ...design factors on the feeling of trustworthiness because of its significant effect upon the behavior of customers using electronic commerce systems. Four empirical studies were conducted in the domain of cyber-banking systems. The subjects were cyber-banking system developers, bank personnel and potential customers of cyber-banking systems in Korea ranging in age from late teens to early forties. The first study was directed at developing the self-report questionnaire that faithfully reflects the emotional factors related to cyber-banking systems. The resulting questionnaire consisted of the forty bipolar emotive differential scales representative of the emotions most important in interacting with cyber-banking systems, e.g. reliable-not reliable. The second study focused on determining the important visual design factors from the customer's perspective. Fourteen design factors identified from subjects' descriptions were classified into the four design categories of title, menu, main clipart and color. The third study investigated the correlations between the emotional factors and design factors. The design factors were found to have significant effects upon the extent of feelings related to symmetry, trustworthiness, awkwardness and elegance. In the final study, two interfaces were designed based on the results of the third study to differentiate the extent of trustworthiness evoked. The results indicate that it is possible to manipulate the visual design factors of the customer interface in order to induce a target emotion, such as trustworthiness. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the empirical results on the design and implementation of customer interfaces to electronic commerce systems in general.
Having in view the fact that the main banking operation is lending (loans are on top in banking investments), the purpose of the article hereby is to carry out a comparative study between the ...evolution of the loans granted to individuals, according to their destination, during the world economic and financial crisis, for five of the most important countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
We investigate the creation, development, and main business strategies of Shanxi Piaohao banks and Shanghai Qianzhuang banks. We also detail the characteristics associated with governance and family ...involvement in these different banking systems, and compare the two systems to illustrate differences in business practices. Piaohao banks had very conservative business practices, and Qianzhuang banks had very risky business practices. These differences arose from different intermediation needs in the two regions, and they were associated with different governance and ownership structures, which led to substantially different methods for dealing with potential agency problems.
Since financial liberalization in the 1980s, non-profit maximizing, stakeholder-oriented banks have outperformed private banks in Europe. This article draws on empirical research, banking theory and ...theories of the firm to explain this apparent anomaly for neo-liberal policy and contemporary market-based banking theory. The realization of competitive advantages by alternative banks (savings banks, cooperative banks and development banks) has significant implications for conceptions of bank change, regulation and political economy.
The UK Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, Dr. Vince Cable, MP, speaks about the problems and issues of the UK banking industry. The lack of attention given to banking in ...economics is criticised. The excessive size and concentration of UK banking are pointed out. Solutions are being pondered. The secretary of state speaks about changes and the way forward in the UK banking sector, pointing out increased competition due to new challenger banks and institutions, government policy initiatives, and the re-creation of relationship banking via initiatives to create local, community banks.
For two decades now, many banks in Africa have been holding large amounts of liquid assets. Prevailing explanations of this phenomenon rely on credit rationing models. Yet, while modern models of ...financial intermediation show that high exposure to liquidity risk may prompt banks to hoard large amounts of (precautionary) liquid reserves, this hypothesis has often been overlooked. We try to fill the gap in this paper. More specifically, we hypothesize and confirm that bank liquidity hoarding in Africa reflects, at least partially, a precautionary strategy to guard against the risks associated with liquidity services to depositors.
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