Among the factors causing male infertility, one of the most debated is the exposure to environmental contaminants. Recently, the chemical compound Bisphenol A (BPA) has drawn attention from the ...reproductive science community, due to its ubiquitous presence in day-to-day life. Its toxic action appears to mainly affect the male reproductive system, directly impacting male fertility. MAIN: The purpose of this review is to investigate current research data on BPA, providing an overview of the findings obtained from studies in animal and human models, as well as on its supposed mechanisms of action.
A clear understanding of BPA action mechanisms, as well as the presumed risks deriving from its exposure, is becoming crucial to preserve male fertility. The development and validation of methodologies to detect BPA toxic effects on reproductive organs can provide greater awareness of the potential threat that this chemical represents.
Because of its toxicity and impacts on the environment and human health, bisphenol A (BPA) has been controlled in numerous industrialized nations, increasing demand for bisphenol analogues (BP) for ...its replacement. However, the consequences of these chemicals on the environment and the health of persons exposed to their emissions are still being researched. The emissions from polypropylene manufacturing facilities in Colombia and Brazil were evaluated in this study, and the presence of bisphenol A and four BPs was detected among the gaseous compounds released, with total concentrations of BPs (∑BP) between 92 and 1565 ng g−1. As the melt flow index (MFI) of the polymer rises, so does the quantity of volatiles in its matrix that are eliminated during deodorization, indicating that the MFI and the amount of bisphenol released have a directly proportional connection.
Display omitted
Heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment. Herein, an ingenious system by coupling of photocatalysis and PMS ...activation was developed, using hollow-structured amorphous prussian blue (A-PB) decorated on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as the catalyst. Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) via the A-PB-g-C3N4 mediated PMS activation under visible light (Vis) was systematically investigated. Astonishingly, it was found that ~ 82.0%, 92.6%, 98.2% and 99.3% of BPA (40 mg/L) were removed within 2, 4, 6 and 7 min, respectively, suggesting the extremely strong oxidizing capacity of the A-PB-g-C3N4/PMS/Vis system. Synergistic effect between the decorated A-PB and the g-C3N4 substrate promoted the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling and facilitated the charge transfer at the A-PB/g-C3N4 heterojunction interface. As a result, both photocatalysis and heterogeneous activation of PMS were boosted in the A-PB-g-C3N4/PMS/Vis system, leading to the production of large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The various ROS (SO4•–, HO•, •O2– and 1O2) was responsible for the ultrafast degradation of BPA. Moreover, the A-PB-g-C3N4 catalyst also exhibited outstanding reusability and stability, retaining 98.9% of the removal percentage for BPA after five consecutive reaction cycles. This study suggests that the A-PB-g-C3N4 can be an all-rounder to bridge photocatalysis and PMS activation, and shed a new light on the application of multiple ROS for the ultrafast elimination of micropollutants from wastewater.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical environmental endocrine disruptor that exhibits estrogen-mimicking, hormone-like properties and can cause the collapse of bone homeostasis by an imbalance between ...osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Various BPA substitutes, structurally similar to BPA, have been used to manufacture ‘BPA-free’ products; however, the regulatory role of BPA alternatives in osteoclast differentiation still remains unelucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these chemicals on osteoclast differentiation using the mouse osteoclast precursor cell line RAW 264.7. Results confirmed that both BPA and its alternatives, bisphenol F and tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), were nontoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cell staining and activity calculation assays revealed that TMBPF enhanced osteoclast differentiation upon stimulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). Additionally, TMBPF activated the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related target genes, such as the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K (CtsK). Western blotting analysis indicated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, including phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. Together, the results suggest that TMBPF enhances osteoclast differentiation, and it is critical for bone homeostasis and skeletal health.
Background
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have replaced bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins; however, the effects of these ...substitutes on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, have not been assessed.
Objective
To examine the association of urinary BPS and BPF with CVD risk in a U.S. representative U.S. population.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 1267 participants aged 20–80 years from the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Survey-weighted multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between BPA, BPF, BPS and CVD. The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was applied to assess the mixture effect.
Results
A total of 138 patients with CVD were identified. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the T3 tertile concentration of BPS increased the risk of total CVD (OR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.16–3.40). When stratified by age, we found that BPS increased the risk of CVD in the 50–80 age group (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.05–1.87). BPS was positively associated with the risk of coronary heart disease, and the T3 tertile concentration of BPS increased the coronary heart disease risk by 2.22 times (95% CI 1.04–4.74). No significant association was observed between BPF and CVD. Although the BKMR model did not identify the mixed exposure effect of BPS, the risk of CVD increased with increasing compound concentration.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that BPS may increase the risk of total CVD and coronary heart disease in the US population, and prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Display omitted
Fe(II)-Al(III) layered double hydroxides (Fe-Al-LDHs) prepared by co-precipitation were used to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) in water. The LDH/H2O2 system proved to be effective in ...degrading BPA, even under high pH conditions. Influencing factors on the removal of BPA, such as LDH dosage, initial BPA concentration and H2O2 concentration, were studied. The adsorption results and kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation rate of BPA increased with increasing LDH and H2O2 concentration and decreasing the initial concentration of BPA. The reaction mechanism was deduced by using a number of analytical techniques, including XPS, XRD, EPR, SEM, TEM and SAED. It was found that the likely degradation mechanism of BPA by Fe-Al-LDHs is a synergy of the homo- and heterogeneous Fenton systems. In this process, when LDHs and H2O2 are present in the solution, Fe, Al and Cl− in the LDH are released into the solution due to the precipitation-solubility equilibrium. The dissolved Fe2+ reacts with H2O2 to form a homogeneous Fenton reaction system. In addition, the OH− produced during the Fenton reaction may induce ion-exchange through a dissolution-reprecipitation process. During the ion-exchange, the released Fe2+ also takes part in the homogeneous Fenton reaction and released ions reprecipitated into LDHs possibly by reaction with Al3+, Fe3+ and OH−. The undissolved and newly formed LDHs function as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts during the reaction due to the presence of Fe2+ in the structure, thus increasing the reaction efficiency. Moreover, the long term durability of the catalyst over several reaction cycles was also tested and it was found that the material only showed a slight decrease in efficiency after four cycles.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to be an emerging pollutant in various environmental compartments. Human exposure to BPA occurs widely because it is commonly used as the raw material in a variety of ...industrial processes (e.g., the preparation of epoxy and polycarbonate resins). In this review, a brief survey was carried out to cover a range of photocatalytic materials (e.g., titania, zinc, silver, carbon, and bismuth) and their modified forms as an effective means to treat water systems contaminated with BPA. The overall efficiency and limitations of these catalysts are described for the photocatalytic treatment of BPA.
•Bisphenol A BPA is a rapidly emerging pollutant in the ambient environment.•BPA removal through application of photocatalysis has been explored intensively.•Competence of Ti, Zn, Ag, Bi, and C-based photocatalysts are discussed.•Combination of hydroxyl radical (OH) and photogenerated holes is crucial in BPA removal.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the ...occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.
In the present work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers reinforced dental composites were investigated to achieve the improved interfacial adhesion between the PAN nanofiber and resin matrix using ...surface modification of nanofibers. PAN nanofibers mat were prepared by electrospinning and then, surface treated with the activated bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (50/50 mass ratio) dental resin followed by photo-curing. Also, the treated nanofibers mat was milled into a powder to achieve the uniform distribution of nanofibers in the matrix resin. The reinforced dental composite were prepared by mixing the various mass fraction of the powder (0.5–15 wt%) with the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental monomers. The effect of weight ratio of surface-modified nanofibers to blend resin on the chemical structure, morphology, compression and flexural properties, color and polymerization shrinkage of dental composites was evaluated. The results showed that using surface-treated nanofibers with content of 5 wt% enhanced the compression strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and work of rupture of the resultant dental composite by factors of 23%, 7%, 80%, and 145%, respectively, comparing to the unreinforced neat resin. Also, the polymerization shrinkage reduces by 37%. These significant improved properties of the dental composite could be due to the semi-interpenetration network formation between surface-modified nanofibers and resin matrix and well distribution of nanofibers in the dental resin. Further increasing the nanofiber content led to poor mechanical properties of obtained dental composites. The results also, revealed that the color of resin composite could be whiter using modified PAN nanofibers as the filler.
PDF
