Drawing from Sternberg's (2003) triangular theory of hate, this paper conceptualizes and tests the theory in the branding context. Based on two studies with 712 consumers (study 1 = 349; study ...2 = 363) who mentioned 266 brands they hate, the authors first validate Sternberg's (2003) theory of interpersonal hate relationships in connection with brand relationships. The empirical analyses confirm that brand hate is a multi-dimensional construct consisting of three key emotions: disgust, contempt, and anger. Our research shows there are five types of brand hate, depending on the combination of these emotions, each leading to different behavioral outcomes, including brand switching, private and public complaining, brand retaliation, and willingness to make financial sacrifices to hurt the brand. The paper concludes with a discussion on theoretical and managerial implications and limitations.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the structural relationships among skepticism, experiential risk, cognitive dissonance, experiential quality, brand experience and experiential ...satisfaction, switching intentions and switching behavior from the perspective of green branding.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from consumers who had purchased environmental shampoos, obtaining 613 valid samples which were analyzed with structural equation modeling.
Findings
The results indicate that green brand experiential risk, green brand cognitive dissonance, green brand experiential quality and green brand experience influence green brand experiential satisfaction. In addition, green brand experiential satisfaction has an impact on green brand switching intentions, which, in turn, positively influence green brand switching behavior.
Practical implications
To decrease the perceptions of green brand skepticism, green brand experiential risk, green brand cognitive dissonance, green brand switching intentions and green brand switching behavior and increase the perceptions of green brand experiential quality, green brand experience and green brand experiential satisfaction, the findings will help environmental organizations develop and implement market-orientated product strategies.
Originality/value
The results provide a better understanding of the relationships among skepticism, experiential risk, cognitive dissonance, experiential quality, brand experience, experiential satisfaction, switching intentions and switching behavior in an environmental context.
•Antecedents and consequences of brand hate.•Negative brand personality impacts brand hate.•Negative brand experience impacts brand hate.•Brand hate affects brand switching and brand avoidance.•Brand ...hate affects customers’ complaining behaviour.
In recent times brands have experienced consumer backlash in the form of brand hate due to perceived unacceptable behaviors. The failure of brands to meet customers’ expectations tend to generate negative feelings and experiences about brands. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine an integrated model of antecedents and consequences of brand hate. Specifically, we test the brand constructs like negative brand experience and negative brand personality as antecedents of- and brand switching, brand avoidance and complaining as consequences of- brand hate. The moderating role of gender on the antecedents of brand hate is tested. This study contributes by testing an integrated model of brand hate consisting of multi-dimensional negative brand experience and negative brand personality. Findings have managerial and practical implications for brand managers.
•Recommendations are effective online marketing tactics to promote private labels.•Consumers tend to switch more to private labels (vs national brands) recommendations.•Recommendations serve as ...quality signals to the recommended brand.•The effect holds (vs attenuates) for consumers’ low (vs high) brand loyalty.
As consumers increasingly shift toward online grocery shopping, reconsiderations of traditional marketing tactics become necessary, both to test whether they remain applicable online and to find new options that are specific to online channels. One such novel tactic might entail recommending private-label alternatives for products that consumers have added to their shopping carts. Three experiments indicate that when consumers receive recommendations to switch out a chosen brand for an alternative, they are more likely to switch if the recommended product is a private-label rather than national brand. The recommendations seemingly serve as quality signals, and private-label offerings have more to gain from such quality signals than national brands. This effect is prominent for consumers with low brand loyalty levels; it becomes attenuated for very brand loyal consumers though.
The biggest consumers of dairy products for children aged 1–3 years, which are referred to as growing-up milk (GUM), come from the middle and lower socioeconomic classes. More than 90% of Indonesians ...belong to this segment. In 2020, the proportion of the population living in rural and urban areas will be almost equal, namely 43.3% and 56.7%, respectively. Understanding brand switching behavior is essential to enabling GUM manufacturers to stay in business and thrive by retaining loyal customers. The aims of this study are (i) to assess the level of brand switching; (ii) to examine the determinant factors of brand switching behavior; and (iii) to compare the brand switching behavior of GUM consumers in rural and urban areas of middle and lower socioeconomic classes in Java. The research was conducted in 4 sub-districts in 2 provinces (East Java and D.I. Yogyakarta) using a guided interview method with a questionnaire. Research respondents were 419 consumers of GUM, and they were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis used partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis (MGA). The study found that the level of brand switching among GUM consumers in Java is 57%, which is considered high. The most important factor that influences the brand switching behavior of GUM consumers in Java's middle and lower socioeconomic classes is bad prior experiences, followed by variety seeking, bad product attributes, and customer dissatisfaction. A defective product is the most reflective indicator of a bad prior experience. There is no difference in brand switching behavior between rural and urban consumers in Java from the middle to lower socioeconomic classes. Therefore, GUM manufacturers are allowed to adopt the same marketing strategy to increase efficiency.
The rapid development of the cosmetics industry and the high competition in the cosmetics market in Indonesia impact consumers. The market has many available choices of cosmetics products, and this ...situation causes many consumers to switch brands. The research aimed to analyze the suitability of Sharia about cosmetics products from Nu Skin and the factors that influenced the brand switching of the cosmetics product with multi-level marketing. The research applied a quantitative and descriptive approach. Data collection from respondents was carried out with a structured questionnaire. The respondents were consumers who had bought and used Nu Skin products. Around 150 respondents were selected through the purposive sampling method. Then, the researchers used the LISREL software. The connection between the variables was investigated by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that Word of Mouth (WOM) and marketing mix significantly influence the brand image of the cosmetics products. Similarly, religiosity and marketing mix have a significant influence on brand attitude. Then, brand image and brand attitude have a significant effect on brand switching. However, religiosity has no significant effect on brand switching. For marketing practitioners, the results can be considered in terms of marketing strategy in consumers’ habits of accessing social media to read product reviews from their friends who have used Nu Skin products before. The more people review and recommend the products to others, the higher the consumers’ interest is in buying Nu Skin products, and the smaller the intensity is involved in brand switching behavior. The research offers a new insight regarding the influencing factors of brand switching of halal cosmetics products through multi-level marketing.
Our research examines the likelihood of choosing a well-known brand or product (e.g., global brands, national chain stores) relative to a new one (e.g., niche brands, local stores). Six studies ...examine the asymmetric consequences of engaging in an analytic or holistic thinking style that mismatches the dominant thinking style associated with one's cultural background. Our studies show that engaging in a culturally mismatched (versus matched) thinking style enhances the subsequent appeal of familiar consumer options and the likelihood of choosing them when making consumer decisions. However, this effect is observed only for those with a dominant analytic thinking style, not for those with a dominant holistic thinking style. This asymmetry emerges because analytic thinking is characterized by a greater intolerance of incongruity such that a mismatched experience is likely to be less well tolerated by analytic than holistic thinkers. Our studies suggest that this asymmetric effect on the preferences for familiar options is driven by a motivation to reduce psychological discomfort associated with a mismatched experience. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of matched/mismatched thinking experiences on audiences of different ethnicities and cultural backgrounds.
Managers and academics often think of price promotions merely as incentives that entice consumers to accept offers that they might not have considered otherwise. Yet the prospect of paying a lower ...price for a product of given quality can also discourage deliberation, in a sense “dumbing down” the purchase encounter by making it less consequential. The authors examine this possibility in a dual-system theory of consumer behavior. Specifically, they argue that price promotion lowers a consumer’s motivation to exert mental effort, in which case purchase decisions are guided less by extensive information processing and more by a quicker, easier, strong conditioner of preference: affect. Field data from a large daily deal company and four controlled experiments support this idea and document its implications primarily for product choice, in turn providing insight into the form and cause of brand switching that manufacturers and retailers can leverage to improve the allocation of promotional budgets and category management.
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