After several failed attempts to remain in Austrian academia, the Bohemian gynaecologist Ludwig Kleinwächter (1839-1906) moved to Bukovina and opened a private practice in the capital Czernowitz in ...1884. In the easternmost province of the Austrian Empire he quickly established himself as a specialist. In applying a praxeological perspective, this paper aims not only to determine the reasons for his immediate success, but also to identify why he attracted an almost exclusively Jewish clientele. Drawing on his published case histories and archival sources, the paper investigates Kleinwächter's role in the small Bukovinian obstetrical market in the late nineteenth century. By focusing on birth-related emergency calls and domiciliary visits across and beyond Bukovina, it will explore the availability of obstetric provision in this peripheral region of the Austrian Empire. The case study thereby contributes a novel perspective to the social and medical history of this Eastern European region.
n the past years, mostly on the occasion of the Centenary of the Greater Romania, several works have been published on the involvement of the Romanian Army in the achievement of the Great Union.The ...recognition of the Great Union was possible through the efforts of the Romanian diplomacy internationally, during the Paris Peace Conference. Internally, the Union had to be defended against various subversive movements; an important role herein was played by the Romanian Army.Hence, various military operations were conducted in the years 1918-1920, mostly in the Bukovinian area, a province annexed by the Austrians as early as the end of the 18thcentury.In this respect, the use of documents kept in the The Centre for the Study and Storage of Historical Archives Pitești is more than necessary, especially the journals of operations pertaining to certain regiments.
Aim of investigation. The article highlights the preconditions and peculi- arities of the birth of the Ukrainian public movement of Bukovina in the 60s of the 19th century. The research methodology ...is based on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, gen- eralization), as well as special-historical (synchronous, compara- tive-historical and historical-genetic) methods. Scientific novelty. This article is the first comprehensive study of the origin of the Ukrainian public movement in Bukovina in the 60s of the 19th century in Ukrainian historical science. Conclusions. The reasons for the backwardness of the Bukovinian Ukrainians in terms of creating of the national movement organizational centers, from Galicia and the Dnieper Ukraine, were: the lack of strong ties with other Ukrainian lands, where the revival had begun earlier; the conducting of assimilation policy by Romanian circles; the nega- tive attitude of the Austrian authorities to the manifestations of national life; the lack of religious separation of the majority of the Ukrainian population from the Romanian one; the low national consciousness of Bukovinian Ukrainians. The author also identi- fied the preconditions of the emergence of the Ukrainian public movement in Bukovina, namely: the providing a legal basis for the functioning of public organizations through the legislation liberali- zation in the Austro-Hungarian Empire; intensification of national life in Galicia; the dissemination of national ideas and literature from the Dnieper Ukraine; the appearance of prominent cultural figures in Bukovina; the reaction of the Ukrainians of the region on the Romanians national revival and their struggle for the separation of Bukovina from Galicia in 1860-1861; the religious struggle between the Romanians and the Ukrainians; the rise of various societies and organizations in the region; the readiness of Ukraini- an local intelligentsia to create their own center in the late 60s of the 19th century.
The article is devoted to the study of certain stages of formation of the pharmacy business in the territory of Northern Bukovina during its accession to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the reproduction ...of the historical conditions of organization and regulation of the pharmacy service. The guidelines for the pharmacies operation, which reflect the requirements not only for the premises, equipment, maintenance and operation of pharmacies, but also declared the fundamental principles and ethical standards of professional conduct of pharmacists, have been analysed. The purpose of the study is to trace the peculiarities of the process of formation of the pharmacy service in Bukovina and the basic requirements for its activities in the Austrian period, based on the analysis of literature sources and available historical documents. Retrospective, synthetic analytical and generalizing methods were used during the research process. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis and generalization of information on the formation, formation and functioning of the pharmacy service as part of the health care system in Northern Bukovina, clarification of data on the number and geography of pharmacies that opened and operated in Bukovina during the Austrian period of its development, in the study of further development of certain provisions governing various aspects of pharmacies, including requirements for their equipment, mode of operation, pricing, storage and sale of drugs, qualifications of employees, as well as principles and ethical standards of professional conduct of pharmacists. Conclusions: in Bukovina as one of the provinces of the Habsburg Empire, medical initiatives from Vienna were implemented, measures to create the pharmacy service in accordance with the law were organized, a network of pharmacies was developed, pharmacies work was regulated. The guidelines reflected the requirements for the maintenance of premises, equipment and operation of pharmacies, as well as declared the fundamental principles and ethical standards of professional conduct.
Combating the Hydra explores structural as well as
occasion-specific state violence committed by the early modern
Habsburg Empire. The book depicts and analyzes attacks on
marginalized people ..."maladjusted" of all sorts, women "of ill
repute," "heretic" Protestants, and "Gypsies." Previously uncharted
archival records reveal the use of arbitrary imprisonment, coerced
labor, and deportation. The case studies presented provide insights
into the origins of modern state power from varied techniques of
population control, but are also an investigation of resistance
against oppression, persecution, and life-threatening assaults. The
spectrum of fights against debasement is a touching attestation of
the humanity of the outcasts; they range from mental and emotional
perseverance to counterviolence. A conversation with the eminent
historian Carlo Ginzburg concludes the collection by asking about
the importance of memorizing horrors of the past.
World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are among the most visited destinations due to their unique cultural and natural features. Their recognition by UNESCO as having ‘outstanding universal value’, while meant ...to help preserve their characteristics, also leads to increased visitation that may put them at risk. This study focuses on the changes in the cultural landscape as a result of tourism development at WHSs in the region of Bukovina, Romania. The paper offers a comprehensive picture by employing a mixed-method approach and analysing a wealth of data collected from key stakeholders involved in tourism development. The findings show that there is agreement among stakeholders with regard to the importance of preserving the cultural landscape of heritage destinations, with most believing that stricter measures should be put in place. However, the lack of cooperation between the key stakeholders in policy formulation and implementation could pose a threat for the sustainable development of tourism in the region. The study contributes to expanding our knowledge and understanding of the challenges faced by heritage destinations in developing countries in Eastern Europe, in particular their struggle to keep up with the modern life style while preserving their cultural features and thus the authenticity of the area.
•Investigates the challenges faced by heritage destinations in developing countries.•Uses mixed methods to understand the view of the key stakeholders on the topic.•Finds that protecting cultural landscape is an important challenge for World Heritage Sites.•Highlights a lack of cooperation between the key stakeholders in Bukovina.
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