Uma questão presente na literatura que trata dos jovens que não estudam nem trabalham é a carência da compreensão de suas características. O objetivo do presente estudo foi encontrar os determinantes ...do perfil dos jovens que se encontram nas diferentes categorias de condição ocupacional − trabalha e estuda; só trabalha; só estuda; nem estuda nem trabalha, mas procura emprego (“nem-nem” ativo); e nem estuda nem trabalha e nem procura emprego (“nem-nem” inativo) −, bem como buscar a relação entre o fato de os jovens encontrarem-se nas duas últimas categorias e a maior incidência de afazeres domésticos semanais em seus domicílios. Assim, com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio de 2015, empregaram-se os métodos logit multinomial e de contagem (regressão de Poisson: incidence rate ratios e zero inflated). Os resultados mostram que o perfil de um jovem pertencente à condição ocupacional “nem-nem” ativo difere-se consideravelmente de outro classificado como “nem-nem” inativo, principalmente quanto ao gênero e à situação de residência. Relativamente às demais categorias, a carga horária de afazeres domésticos incide com maior frequência nos jovens “nem-nem” ativos e inativos, ao passo que estes também estão menos propensos a se pouparem das atividades domésticas. Mostrou-se de suma importância o discernimento entre ativos e inativos para a categoria dos que nem trabalham nem estudam e, a partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se traçar indicativos de uma inatividade generalizada em parte dessa população, acendendo o alerta para a necessidade de políticas trabalhistas orientadas para o público jovem no Brasil.
Purpose
Informal care plays an important role in the overall care for people with cancer. This study estimates lost productivity and informal caregiving and associated costs among partner caregivers ...of localized prostate cancer patients within 1 year after diagnosis.
Methods
We applied data from the Family and Cancer Therapy Selection study, a three-wave self-administered survey among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and their partner caregivers in multiple clinics in the USA. Time spent was measured by the sum of working hours lost, informal caregiving hours performed, and hours spent on household chores. The national median income for women 55 years or older was used to calculate costs associated with the time spent using the opportunity cost method. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted.
Results
The average working hours decreased from 14.0 h/week (SD = 17.6) to 10.9 h/week (SD = 15.9), without a significant change in responsibility/intensity at work. The mean annual time spent on informal caregiving and household chores was 65.9 h/year (SD = 172.4) and 76.2 h/year (SD = 193.3), respectively. The mean annual economic burden among partner caregivers was US$6,063 (range US$571–US$47,105) in 2009 dollars accounted for by a mean of 276.2 h (range 26–2,146) in the study sample. The time spent on informal caregiving and household chores varied by patient and caregiver characteristics.
Conclusions
Pilot estimates on non-medical economic burden among partner caregivers (spouses) during the initial phase of the treatment provide important information for comprehensive estimation of disease burden and can be used in cost-effectiveness analyses of prostate cancer interventions.
Dwelling is very much related to time. A home shields the dweller from outsiders yet, provides an opportunity to engage with the outside world. However, the time required for household chores tends ...to hinder this engagement, especially for women. Interestingly, co-housing projects tend to rationalise housing and mutualise time-consuming tasks, freeing up time to and thus emancipating and empowering inhabitants. This argument was put to the test in a field study in Brussels. Through a gendered perspective, the research questions and tries to identify which levers ease domestic drudgery in co-housing projects. Spatial analyses coupled with qualitative observations and interviews were carried out in two co-housing projects. The issue of freeing up time through co-housing seems particularly relevant to various categories of people. First, it addresses gender inequalities regarding an egalitarian sharing of household chores. Second, individual (divorced, elderly, or single) households could also benefit from these time savings. Understanding co-housing within this emancipating perspective could be a lever to influence future policy making and incentives.
The purpose of this systematic review is to describe current evidence regarding interventions that improve the participation and performance of chores in children and youth with disabilities from the ...ages of 3 to 21. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2019 was conducted using the PRISMA-P systematic review methodology. An a priori PICO framework was used to search databases, article reference lists, and selected journals. Chosen articles were annotated, evaluated for risk of bias, and synthesized to develop recommendations for school and early intervention practitioners. Titles and abstracts of 632 articles were reviewed and 7 articles that evaluated interventions that improve performance of chores in children and youth met inclusion criteria. There is evidence to support the use of occupation-based intervention, care-giver coaching, cognitive-behavioral strategies, and technology supports in occupational interventions to improve performance of chores in children and youth with disabilities and improve their long-term outcomes.
In many developing countries, children devote substantial time to collecting firewood and fetching water. Is there a connection between such time-consuming work and children’s schooling? If so, ...environmental degradation may have serious detrimental implications for children’s education. To explore this question, this case study set in rural Tanzania uses evidence collected from children and their mothers about children’s environmental chores. Although the sample is small, we find some descriptive quantitative evidence as well as qualitative evidence from focus groups with children supporting such a link, consistent with the results from the few econometric analyses set in Africa. We also document substantial demands by schools for students to fetch water. The proposed conceptual framework takes into account confounding factors including school-related violence, which affected more than one-third of the children in this study. We make a case for future research based on larger data collection projects designed to explore these issues more fully.
Recent studies have begun to attend to distribution of household labor within same-gender couples compared to heterosexual couples, yet much of the available research with lesbian couples has ...attempted to superimpose division of household labor frameworks developed with heterosexual couples (e.g., gender role socialization, exchange bargaining theories) to fit the experiences of same-gender couples. Using two academic search databases, the present article provides a systematic review of the available 28 peer-reviewed articles published from 2000-2015 about lesbian partnerships and household labor divisions. Results indicate that lesbian couples engage in a more equal distribution of household labor than heterosexual couples, and that lesbian women often opt to eschew traditional gendered divisions of chores in favor of other factors such as quality of task or ability. The systematic review uncovered notable constraints in the demography of participants (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, geographic location) across studies. Strategies for deepening the depth and breadth of this line of work for future researchers, and implications for relationship satisfaction are also discussed.
Much of the existing literature on the economics of child labor assumes that child labor is synonymous with employment in income‐generating activities. However, children also perform domestic chores, ...and excessive involvement in chores may be detrimental to their wellbeing. This paper investigates the effect on child health and education outcomes of participation in domestic chores as well as participation in income‐generating activities. Our data come from the 2014 Young Lives survey of Ethiopia. We use the guidelines of the 18th International Conference of Labor Statisticians and the United Nations Children's Fund to make a distinction between light work and harmful work, and apply this distinction to both domestic chores and income‐generating work. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that involvement in harmful domestic chores is strongly associated with poor health and education outcomes. Our findings suggest that excessive involvement in domestic chores constitutes a form of child labor. Ignoring domestic chores will lead to an underestimate of the prevalence of child labor, especially among girls, whose exposure to chores is much higher, on average, than that of boys.
En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación de tipo cualitativa correspondiente a la actividad de tesis de los autores, realizada a familias monoparentales con jefatura ...femenina de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile), cuyo objetivo general fue conocer la percepción que tienen las madres de familias monoparentales de la mencionada ciudad, sobre la parentalización como medio para mantener el equilibrio familiar. Con dichas familias se trabajó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a las jefas de hogar e informantes clave, obteniéndose una apreciación de la distribución de los roles dentro del hogar y, de esta manera, una mayor comprensión de cómo el fenómeno de la parentalización logra ser una herramienta de utilidad para cada sistema familiar. Dentro de los resultados se puede apreciar como la parentalización responde a la historia personal de los jefes de hogar, así como a las circunstancias ambientales a las que se enfrentan las familias o enfermedades de los miembros de estas.
This paper fills the gap through theoretical reasoning and empirical testing of the effects of housework on job performance. Guided by the time allocation theory, the study proposed an optimization ...model based on the household production function, which indicates that an increase of time spent on housework will improve individual job performance with a progressive increase in the marginal return of housework time to household production. A field study using assembly-line workers in a Chinese manufacturing factory partially supported the proposition, suggesting that workers with longer housework time have accumulated higher character skills, particularly female workers.
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