There are more opportunities to interact with dialogue agents by the spread of smartphones and smart speakers. However, the dialogue agents in these devices lack the ability to entertain people. ...Dialogues with these agents are not as enjoyable as talking with a close friend. In order for dialogue agents to provide enjoyment to people, the system needs to recognize and generate humor from the context of the dialogue. At the moment, it is not clear whether humor that includes contextual information during dialogue is funny or how contextual information affects the funny. Therefore, to construct a standard database for evaluating the fun of puns considering the dialogue context, we collected dialogues containing puns on Twitter. Using the collected dialogues, multiple people evaluated the fun. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of a dialogue context that affects the fun of puns.
As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace. Market research has shown a significant growth of sensor deployments ...over the past decade and has predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future. These sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data. However, in order to add value to raw sensor data we need to understand it. Collection, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context in relation to sensor data plays critical role in this challenge. Context-aware computing has proven to be successful in understanding sensor data. In this paper, we survey context awareness from an IoT perspective. We present the necessary background by introducing the IoT paradigm and context-aware fundamentals at the beginning. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of context life cycle. We evaluate a subset of projects (50) which represent the majority of research and commercial solutions proposed in the field of context-aware computing conducted over the last decade (2001-2011) based on our own taxonomy. Finally, based on our evaluation, we highlight the lessons to be learnt from the past and some possible directions for future research. The survey addresses a broad range of techniques, methods, models, functionalities, systems, applications, and middleware solutions related to context awareness and IoT. Our goal is not only to analyse, compare and consolidate past research work but also to appreciate their findings and discuss their applicability towards the IoT.
The Unsolid Golianová, Veronika; Kazharski, Aliaksei
The RUSI journal,
11/2020, Volume:
165, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article attempts to map the influence of pro-Kremlin narratives on the Slovak cultural and educational landscape. Veronika Golianová and Aliaksei Kazharski enhance the understanding of ...pro-Kremlin activities by situating them in their broader political, cultural and historical context. Grasping this context is crucial to understanding why particular discursive strategies are selected and how they are adapted to the respective domestic audiences.◼
The demand of applying semantic segmentation model on mobile devices has been increasing rapidly. Current state-of-the-art networks have enormous amount of parameters hence unsuitable for mobile ...devices, while other small memory footprint models follow the spirit of classification network and ignore the inherent characteristic of semantic segmentation. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel Context Guided Network (CGNet), which is a light-weight and efficient network for semantic segmentation. We first propose the Context Guided (CG) block, which learns the joint feature of both local feature and surrounding context effectively and efficiently, and further improves the joint feature with the global context. Based on the CG block, we develop CGNet which captures contextual information in all stages of the network. CGNet is specially tailored to exploit the inherent property of semantic segmentation and increase the segmentation accuracy. Moreover, CGNet is elaborately designed to reduce the number of parameters and save memory footprint. Under an equivalent number of parameters, the proposed CGNet significantly outperforms existing light-weight segmentation networks. Extensive experiments on Cityscapes and CamVid datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Specifically, without any post-processing and multi-scale testing, the proposed CGNet achieves 64.8% mean IoU on Cityscapes with less than 0.5 M parameters.
The aim of this paper is to discuss in its preface a variety point of views of Islamic school of thoughts concerning the accurate definition of concept "Khabar al-Wahid ". It will examine the method ...of Hanafi's school of thoughts and the method of majority of jurists in terms of providing definition for the previous term. In the first part, it provides a wide range of arguments for and against of believing that employing Khabar al-Wahid as a proof for two kinds of issues in Islamic Sharia. This paper claims that this type of Sunna is an acceptable source for either doctrinal issues or principle ones. It should be emphasizing on the fact that the majority of Muslim scholars believe that this type of Prophetic saying is not strong enough to prove doctrinal issues because such issues need to be built on sacred texts that certainly proves this sense. For the majority, this level of certainty is impossible with this sort of Prophetic tradition. More importantly, we fully convinced that "Khabar alWahid" has been practically used by many Islamic scholars to prove doctrinal issues even though they reject this way of understanding conceptually. The second part of this paper has dealt with another related controversial issue which is that "Khabar al-Wahid "should be applied in worshiping context under the belief of obligatory (...) or having a choice (...). In this context, this paper widely provides arguments for and against. It also gives special attention to discuss weakness and strength of the two sides of these arguments.
The capacity to gather and timely deliver to the service level any relevant information that can characterize the service-provisioning environment, such as computing resources/capabilities, physical ...device location, user preferences, and time constraints, usually defined as context-awareness, is widely recognized as a core function for the development of modern ubiquitous and mobile systems. Much work has been done to enable context-awareness and to ease the diffusion of context-aware services; at the same time, several middleware solutions have been designed to transparently implement context management and provisioning in the mobile system. However, to the best of our knowledge, an in-depth analysis of the context data distribution, namely, the function in charge of distributing context data to interested entities, is still missing. Starting from the core assumption that only effective and efficient context data distribution can pave the way to the deployment of truly context-aware services, this article aims at putting together current research efforts to derive an original and holistic view of the existing literature. We present a unified architectural model and a new taxonomy for context data distribution by considering and comparing a large number of solutions. Finally, based on our analysis, we draw some of the research challenges still unsolved and identify some possible directions for future work.
El primer objectiu d’aquest article és evidenciar l’estreta relació entre les obres de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (1514-1615?) i Gamaliel Churata (1897-1969), malgrat el seu contacte tardà. Creiem ...que ambdós autors —cada un en el seu context particular— han elaborat retaules escrits (i dibuixats en el cas del cronista indi) que descriuen bé la complexitat del món andí. El segon objectiu, però no menys important, és brindar alguns elements que recolzen la tesi que El pez de oro (Retablos de Laykhakuy) (1957) va ser reescrit, corregit i ampliat fins a la seva publicació a Bolívia; de manera que, a l’igual d’ El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615?), pot ser considerat un palimpsest, és a dir, una obra que es va reescriure i corregir sobre versions anteriors durant molts anys.
Unitatea continuă cu o analiză detaliată a acestui tip de input, realizată din mai multe puncte de vedere: al tematicii, al lungimii, al tipului de text şi, desigur, al trăsăturilor lingvistice ale ...acestuia (organizare discursivă, fenomenele ezitării etc.), analiză ce include şi gradarea diferitelor tipuri de text-suport în funcţie de vârsta şi dezvoltarea cognitivă a elevilor. Cel de-al doilea capitol oferă o privire de ansamblu asupra evaluării formative a vorbirii, prezentate din prisma tuturor actanţilor implicaţi: programele şcolare pentru ciclul primar, prezentate atât din punctul de vedere al elementelor pozitive, cât şi din cel al neajunsurilor care le caracterizează, rolul profesorului, precum şi cel al elevului în desfăşurarea sarcinilor de evaluare formativă şi tipurile de exerciţii potrivite pentru acest tip de evaluare, clasificate în funcţie de input şi de modul de formulare a cerinţei (sarcini cu/ fără stimul vizual de tip descriere/ narare/ instrucţiune/ argumentare/ joc de rol). Organizatorii grafici (Anexa 9) destinaţi, în principal, receptării textului literar, scenariile şi secţiunile de test gândite prin prisma celor două tipuri de competenţe evaluate, cea de receptare şi cea de producere orală, reprezintă materiale didactice noi, care nu se regăsesc în această formă în manualele şcolare, materiale ce pot fi luate direct la clasă şi care garantează succesul unei lecţii de acest tip prin aceea că sunt adaptate vârstei şi interesului elevilor, nivelului lor de competenţă lingvistică, iar, prin cromatica veselă şi designul jucăuş, sunt extrem de prietenoase cu această categorie de elevi. Volumul este un ghid valoros pentru orice cadru didactic care înţelege că dezvoltarea unor competenţe utile pe termen lung, atât în context academic, cât şi în context extraacademic, reprezintă dezideratul oricărui act didactic, motiv pentru care îl recomandăm cu căldură tuturor celor interesaţi de didactica predării/ învăţării/ evaluării limbii materne şi nematerne.
Hierarchical Context Modeling for Video Event Recognition Wang, Xiaoyang; Ji, Qiang
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
2017-Sept.-1, 2017-09-00, 2017-9-1, 20170901, Volume:
39, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Current video event recognition research remains largely target-centered. For real-world surveillance videos, target-centered event recognition faces great challenges due to large intra-class target ...variation, limited image resolution, and poor detection and tracking results. To mitigate these challenges, we introduced a context-augmented video event recognition approach. Specifically, we explicitly capture different types of contexts from three levels including image level, semantic level, and prior level. At the image level, we introduce two types of contextual features including the appearance context features and interaction context features to capture the appearance of context objects and their interactions with the target objects. At the semantic level, we propose a deep model based on deep Boltzmann machine to learn event object representations and their interactions. At the prior level, we utilize two types of prior-level contexts including scene priming and dynamic cueing. Finally, we introduce a hierarchical context model that systematically integrates the contextual information at different levels. Through the hierarchical context model, contexts at different levels jointly contribute to the event recognition. We evaluate the hierarchical context model for event recognition on benchmark surveillance video datasets. Results show that incorporating contexts in each level can improve event recognition performance, and jointly integrating three levels of contexts through our hierarchical model achieves the best performance.
Existing saliency models typically incorporate contexts holistically. However, for each pixel, usually only part of its context region contributes to saliency prediction, while other parts are likely ...either noise or distractions. In this paper, we propose a novel pixel-wise contextual attention network (PiCANet) to selectively attend to informative context locations at each pixel. The proposed PiCANet generates an attention map over the contextual region of each pixel and construct attentive contextual features via selectively incorporating the features of useful context locations. We present three formulations of the PiCANet via embedding the pixel-wise contextual attention mechanism into the pooling and convolution operations with attending to global or local contexts. All the three models are fully differentiable and can be integrated with convolutional neural networks with joint training. In this work, we introduce the proposed PiCANets into a U-Net model for salient object detection. The generated global and local attention maps can learn to incorporate global contrast and regional smoothness, which help localize and highlight salient objects more accurately and uniformly. Experimental results show that the proposed PiCANets perform effectively for saliency detection against the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of the PiCANets on semantic segmentation and object detection with improved performance.
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