For this review, we synthesized quantitative and qualitative research on collaborative learning to examine the relationship between teacher guidance strategies and the processes and outcomes of ...collaboration among students (66 studies). The results show that several aspects of teacher guidance are positively related to student collaboration, for example when teachers focus their attention on students’ problem solving strategies. During student collaboration, opportunities arise for students to engage in collaborative activities that support their learning process. The way teachers take more or less control of these moments determines whether these opportunities can be turned into real moments of learning for the students. This review highlights the important yet challenging role of the teacher during collaborative learning.
•Teacher guidance during collaborative learning was systematically reviewed.•Sixty-six studies were synthesized, including quantitative and qualitative studies.•Feedback, prompting, questioning, and transferring control are effective strategies.•The review highlights the important yet challenging role of the teacher.
With the rapid deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G networks are required to support massive access of a huge number of devices over limited radio spectrum ...radio. In wireless networks, different devices have various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, ranging from ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) to high transmission data rates. In this context, we present a joint energy-efficient subchannel assignment and power control approach to manage massive access requests while maximizing network energy efficiency (EE) and guaranteeing different QoS requirements. The latency constraint is transformed into a data rate constraint which makes the optimization problem tractable before modelling it as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem. A distributed cooperative massive access approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed to address the problem while meeting both reliability and latency constraints on URLLC services in massive access scenario. In addition, transfer learning and cooperative learning mechanisms are employed to enable communication links to work cooperatively in a distributed manner, which enhances the network performance and access success probability. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed distributed cooperative learning approach outperforms other existing approaches in terms of meeting EE and improving the transmission success probability in massive access scenario.
Physical educators may be hesitant to adopt cooperative learning in their classes because they are concerned that a focus on socioemotional learning may reduce motor skill development. However, ...cooperative learning can increase physical activity engagement and interpersonal skills. This article demonstrates what cooperative learning can look like in physical education through two activities that highlight the five key elements of cooperative learning.
Despite the well-established benefits of cooperative learning, implementation remains a challenge. This research aims to document these challenges at the elementary school level, drawing on teachers' ...beliefs regarding learning as well as the difficulties teachers report. Results indicate that the most frequent instructional strategies reported are traditional ones such as teacher-monitored, collective class discussion, transmission and individual work. The use of these last two is particularly associated with teacher beliefs that learning derives from teacher-delivered knowledge. In general, this research found that teachers do not perceive cooperative learning as very easy to implement; over 40% introduce it occasionally and only 33% use it routinely. Teachers reported that they are particularly ill at ease with embedding cooperative learning in the curriculum, finding the time required for cooperative learning and evaluating pupils when using cooperative learning. Results underline that, in addition to teachers' learner-orientation beliefs predicting the use of cooperative learning, the more teachers report difficulties in embedding cooperative learning into the curriculum and finding time for it, the less they say they actually implement it. Contributions to teacher education programmes are discussed in the light of these findings.
Debriefing as a learning activity aims to elevate participants' competence through communicative interaction. This activity is an integral component of any formative simulation. Thus, the primary ...objective of this study was to explore debriefing as a communicative experience in nursing students within the context of interactive virtual simulation. The secondary objectives were: 1) To investigate the typology of interactions based on participants' discourse and 2) To identify the actions that students use to develop knowledge during debriefing.
A qualitative exploratory study design involving six debriefing groups was conducted with 105 s-year nursing students. The debriefing sessions were analyzed following interactive virtual simulations in an in-person setting in the classroom. All sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A mixed (deductive and inductive) content analysis approach was used.
A total of 2187 units of meaning were identified and categorized into 3 themes (interaction by participant, interaction by communicative action, and interaction by participant's communicative goal); nine subthemes (facilitator-student, student-student and student-facilitator; declarative - unidirectional, reactive – bidirectional and multidirectional-interactive; individualistic, competitive, and collaborative), and 5 categories (providing information; generating creative solutions; processing critical and deliberative information; positive interdependence and psychosocial relationships).
The students developed knowledge and practical communication skills, particularly reinforcing soft skills through collaborative interactions, predominantly multidirectional-interactive in nature. The facilitator and the interpersonal relationships among the participants fostered a safe and positive environment.
•Debriefing is a communicative interaction centered on collaborative learning•Individual learning and cooperative learning combine harmoniously•Multidirectional-interactive communication is relevant for joint knowledge creation•The facilitator is key to promoting safe learning through communication
In a world engaged in a perpetual race for progress, augmented reality (AR) is a new frontier that has attracted much research attention in recent years. The generalization of smartphones and the ...miniaturization and democratization of connected gadgets are leading to new uses and new expectations. In this article, we provide an AR application to the trending educational activity of escape games in order to diffuse AR to a large audience. As the application of an educational escape game, which is a good tool to improve the motivation and communication skills of students, requires considerable time for design, manufacturing, and operating, a numeric, mobile AR version is proposed here. For this purpose, an original paper-based version of the scenario is presented, principally turning around the Solvay process for a high school/college audience. In this scenario, the students are led to follow in the footsteps of a young Belgian physicist, Ernest Solvay. Through enigmas, participants discover a secret room containing Solvay’s secrets in Brussels. Puzzles about the periodic table of elements, the CPK color code, chemical reaction balancing, the notion of molar mass, the Solvay process, or the philanthropic conferences organized by Solvay and the many other scientists involved are used to illustrate the chemical process discovered. This scenario and the Leblanc process scenario have been adapted to an AR experience with the open application Metaverse. Unlike conventional escape game or escape lab activities, our AR escape games can be easily diffused to large audience classrooms without the presence of any teacher being required and without any systematic preparation. The advantages and limits of such tools are discussed. The feedback received from students that participated in a test exercise with the tool corroborates the increase of motivation through such activities.
•A novel cooperative learning fruit fly optimization algorithm (HGCLFOA) is proposed.•The hierarchical guidance strategy for local search is implemented in the olfactory search.•The inferior solution ...repairing (ISR) strategy is employed to modify the search direction.•The hybrid GEDA with previous information is applied to guide the evolution in vision search.•A probability selection strategy based on feedback of objective space is introduced.
The fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) has drawn enormous attention from researchers and practitioners in the computation intelligence domain for the benefits of simple implementation mechanism and few parameters tuning requirement of FOA. However, FOA is hard to adapt directly to address complex continuous problems. A hierarchical guidance strategy assisted fruit fly optimization algorithm with cooperative learning mechanism (HGCLFOA) is proposed in this study. The population is divided into elitist and inferior subpopulations with the fitness of objective function. The population center is re-designed as an elitist subpopulation to maintain the diversity of the population. In the olfaction search stage, the hierarchical guidance strategy is introduced for local search according to the difference of solution qualities to assign inferior individuals to elitist individuals on different levels. Meanwhile, the inferior information is applied by the inferior solutions repairing strategy to deflect the prediction of the elitist subpopulation for preventing HGCLFOA from falling into the local optimum. In the vision search stage, a hybrid Gaussian distribution estimation strategy is adopted to extract the elitist information of previous generations to predict the distribution of potential elitist individuals in the next generation. The exploration and exploitation of the HGCLFOA are balanced by the cooperation between elitist subpopulation and inferior subpopulation. A random walk strategy is activated to assist the elitist solutions to jump out the local optimal. The parameters of the HGCLFOA are calibrated by DOE and ANOVA methods. The experimental results demonstrated that the HGCLFOA outperformed the classical FOA and state-of-arts variants of FOA.
With a growing number of global challenges related to the environment, water, public health, and energy, there is an imminent need to teach chemistry in the context of its interconnectedness with ...other systems. Project- and problem-based learning are student-centered learning approaches which offer educators the opportunity to engage learners in solving complex real-world problems. By choosing a globally relevant project/problem and requiring students to utilize scientific methods to solve the problem, both problem-based learning and project-based learning are excellent strategies for educators to teach chemistry using a systems approach. This review summarizes key research studies which utilize project- and problem-based learning in the context of enabling learners to confront global problems and the wide applicability of these approaches to systems thinking.
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