La nécessaire prise en compte des communs, du « mieux être » collectif et des impératifs sociaux et écologiques, comme développé en 2018 dans Kebir, Narath et Wallet (Espaces et Sociétés), conforte ...l’élargissement du champ des acteurs impliqués dans les processus décisionnels constatés dans l’article « La Gouvernance territoriale comme nouveau mode de coordination territoriale ? » (Leloup, Moyart et Pecqueur, 2005). L’enjeu du territoire interroge la fixité arbitraire des espaces administratifs donnés, l’exogénéité perçue de sa croissance ou la passivité supposée de ses habitants, résidents ou autres occupants. Aujourd’hui, comme à l’époque de la publication de l’article précédemment cité, il y a une quinzaine d’années, il entraîne un changement radical de perspective tant pour le modèle de production économique que pour le processus de régulation politique à l’œuvre.
While medicinal inorganic chemistry has been practised for over 5000 years, it was not until the late 1800s when Alfred Werner published his ground-breaking research on coordination chemistry that we ...began to truly understand the nature of the coordination bond and the structures and stereochemistries of metal complexes. We can now readily manipulate and fine-tune their properties. This had led to a multitude of complexes with wide-ranging biomedical applications. This review will focus on the use and potential of metal complexes as important therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. With major advances in technologies and a deeper understanding of the human genome, we are now in a strong position to more fully understand carcinogenesis at a molecular level. We can now also rationally design and develop drug molecules that can either selectively enhance or disrupt key biological processes and, in doing so, optimize their therapeutic potential. This has heralded a new era in drug design in which we are moving from a single- toward a multitargeted approach. This approach lies at the very heart of medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this review, we have endeavored to showcase how a “multitargeted” approach to drug design has led to new families of metallodrugs which may not only reduce systemic toxicities associated with modern day chemotherapeutics but also address resistance issues that are plaguing many chemotherapeutic regimens. We have focused our attention on metallodrugs incorporating platinum and ruthenium ions given that complexes containing these metal ions are already in clinical use or have advanced to clinical trials as anticancer agents. The “multitargeted” complexes described herein not only target DNA but also contain either vectors to enable them to target cancer cells selectively and/or moieties that target enzymes, peptides, and intracellular proteins. Multitargeted complexes which have been designed to target the mitochondria or complexes inspired by natural product activity are also described. A summary of advances in this field over the past decade or so will be provided.
Supply chains (SC) are generally complex and are characterized by numerous activities spread over multiple functions and organizations, which pose interesting challenges for effective SC ...coordination. To meet these challenges, SC members must work towards a unified system and coordinate with each other. A systematic literature review is presented in this paper to throw light on the importance of SC coordination. The objectives of this paper are to: report and review various perspectives on SC coordination issues, understand and appreciate various mechanisms available for coordination and identify the gaps existing in the literature. A framework is suggested indicating scope for further research.
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•Coordination of betaine to alkaline earth (new!) and rare earth cations.•Syntheses from solution and via grinding were investigated.•Neutral zwitterionic ligand allows for multiple ...coordination modes.•Hardly predictable stoichiometries were observed.•Structures range from mono- over oligonuclear to coordination polymers.
We report the synthesis and structure of coordination compounds in which betaine acts as a ligand towards Pearson-hard cations. The overall neutral zwitterion was reacted with the corresponding nitrate salts in polar protic solvents such as water or methanol or mechanochemically by grinding the reaction partners. Reaction of MgII, CaII, SrII and BaII resulted in the first alkaline earth derivatives of betaine. The products comprise mono- and oligonuclear cations for the light, and cationic chain polymers for the heavy group2 metals. In the case of CaII, the betaine stoichiometry was decisive for the outcome of the reaction; solids with 1:4 and the less intuitive 3:16 cation to ligand ratio have been structurally characterized. Coordination numbers increase from six for MgII and CaII over seven and eight for the two independent SrII to eight for BaII cations. Coordination of betaine to trivalent Y, La and Pr results in the formation of structurally related dinuclear cations, with coordination numbers eight for Y and nine for the larger lanthanides. Water and betaine compete for coordination; aqua ligands prevail for the smaller, betaine for the larger cations. Betaine coordination to all these hard cations occurs in various modes, similar to those of other carboxylates. Bridging betaine subtends cation⋯cation distances between 4.5 and 6.1 Å. Nitrate coordination was only observed in the BaII chain polymer.
This tutorial review covers the recent advances made in the study of gold complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with biological properties. The great stability, ease of modulation of ...the electronic properties and excellent σ-donating capacity displayed by NHCs allow gold-NHC derivatives to reach high stability in biological media and relatively good internalization into cells and for that they have emerged as excellent potential chemotherapeutics. The new gold-NHC derivatives show superior anticancer activity compared to other standards such as Cisplatin or Auranofin. In addition, the application of gold-NHC complexes in the treatment of other human diseases as antibacterial, antioxidant and antiparasitic agents is reviewed for the first time.
Our ability to acknowledge and recognize our own identity — our “self” — is a characteristic doubtless unique to humans. Where does this feeling come from? How does the combination of ...neurophysiological processes coupled with our interaction with the outside world construct this coherent identity? We know that our social interactions contribute via the eyes, ears, etc. However, our self is not only influenced by our senses. It is also influenced by the actions we perform and those we see others perform. Our brain anticipates the effects of our own actions and simulates the actions of others. In this way, we become able to understand ourselves and to understand the actions and emotions of others. This book describes the new field of “Motor Cognition”. Though motor actions have long been studied by neuroscientists and physiologists, it is only recently that scientists have considered the role of actions in building the self. How consciousness of action is part of self-consciousness, how one's own actions determine the sense of being an agent, how actions performed by others impact on ourselves for understanding others, differentiating ourselves from them and learning from them: these questions are raised and discussed throughout the book, drawing on experimental, clinical, and theoretical bases. The advent of new neuroscience techniques, such as neuroimaging and direct electrical brain stimulation, together with a renewal of behavioral methods in cognitive psychology, provide new insights into this area. Mental imagery of action, self-recognition, consciousness of actions, imitation can be objectively studied using these new tools. The results of these investigations shed light on clinical disorders in neurology, psychiatry, and in neuro-development.
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