Assessment of Employee Performance Gravina, Nicole; Nastasi, Jessica; Austin, John
Journal of organizational behavior management,
04/2021, Volume:
41, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Assessments are commonly used in organizational behavior management (OBM) to identify performance targets, determine environmental variables contributing to poor performance, and devise appropriate ...interventions. This paper describes the role of assessment at the individual performer level in OBM and the assessment process. It also reviews four common types of OBM assessments: historical assessments, functional assessments, preference assessments, and procedural acceptability and discusses the research support, weaknesses, and opportunities for future research for each. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for the future of assessment in OBM, including incorporating technology, using ongoing question-asking to informally assess performance and the environment, developing and validating survey instruments and other assessment tools, and attending to cultural variables in assessments.
Clinicians report primarily using functional behavioral assessment (FBA) methods that do not include functional analyses. However, studies examining the correspondence between functional analyses and ...other types of FBAs have produced inconsistent results. In addition, although functional analyses are considered the gold standard, their contribution toward successful treatment compared with other FBA methods remains unclear. This comparative effectiveness study, conducted with 57 young children with autism spectrum disorder, evaluated the results of FBAs that did (n = 26) and did not (n = 31) include a functional analysis. Results of FBAs with and without functional analyses showed modest correspondence. All participants who completed functional communication training achieved successful outcomes regardless of the type of FBA conducted.
Effective treatment of challenging behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorder requires identifying consequences that maintain the behavior under specific environmental circumstances. ...Assessment strategies help to identify environmental factors setting the occasion for the behaviors to continue to occur. Many studies have used antecedent–behavior–consequence (ABC) data collection strategies, but few have examined its ability to effectively identify the function. Research supports the use of the trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) but few studies examine its effectiveness in the home setting. The current study attempted to answer which assessments might work best in the home setting. Treatment was implemented for each participant based on the results of their assessments. All assessments identified the function of behavior as verified by function-based treatments, but the ABC assessment identified additional functions for three of the participants while the TBFA was more precise. Implications and limitations are reviewed, along with future directions for behavioral assessment in the home.
To gather information about the functional behavior assessment (FBA) methods behavior analysts use in practice, we sent a web‐based survey to 12,431 behavior analysts certified by the Behavior ...Analyst Certification Board. Ultimately, 724 surveys were returned, with the results suggesting that most respondents regularly use FBA methods, especially descriptive assessments. Moreover, the data suggest that the majority of students are being formally taught about the various FBA methods and that educators are emphasizing the range of FBA methods in their teaching. However, less than half of the respondents reported using functional analyses in practice, although many considered descriptive assessments and functional analyses to be the most useful FBA methods. Most respondents reported using informant and descriptive assessments more frequently than functional analyses, and a majority of respondents indicated that they “never” or “almost never” used functional analyses to identify the function of behavior.
Descriptive assessments are necessary to identify social norms and establish a foundation for experimental analysis. Much of the social skills intervention literature involves goals that have been ...selected through interviews and direct observation of behavior without a reference to desired outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to extend research on descriptive assessments of conversations by including additional measures and examining conversational behavior across contexts. We conducted a descriptive assessment of social skills exhibited by 16 neurotypical young adults. Participants had 10-min conversations in groups and 1-on-1 with friends and novel individuals. We then assessed variability within and across participants on a wide array of relevant measures. Throughout the conversations, participants shared the conversation time equally, spent most of the conversation time making on-topic comments, and gazed at their conversation partner more frequently while listening than while speaking. These descriptive data extend current research, inform future experimental analyses, and may guide clinical decisions.
The field of applied behavior analysis emphasizes the importance of conducting functional assessment before treatment development for problem behavior. There is, however, little information regarding ...the extent to which practitioners are using functional assessment in applied settings for individuals with developmental disabilities (DD). The purpose of the current study was to conduct a survey to assess the degree to which various types of functional assessment are implemented in agencies that serve individuals with DD in Massachusetts. Practitioners were asked to indicate their perception about and use of the various categories of functional assessment (e.g., indirect assessment, descriptive assessment, and functional analysis). From the 205 respondents who completed the survey, the most frequently used functional assessment was descriptive assessment. Results indicated that although the majority (67.8%) of practitioners believe functional analysis to be the most informative assessment tool for selecting behavioral treatment, only 34.6% of respondents indicated that they typically use functional analysis to inform the development of a behavior plan.
In the United States, overhalf a million delinquency cases are opened annually. Of those cases, an estimated 26% involve detention in some manner. Adolescents who have been adjudicated delinquent are ...detained based on their display of illegal behavior. This repertoire, which includes illegal behavior, may give rise to challenging behavior while residing in the detention facility. Moreover, challenging behavior displayed by adolescents in detention facilities often gives rise to severe consequences including physical or psychological harm, facility instability, increased duration of detention, and parole denial. The present study is a descriptive assessment of behavioral data collected by dormitory staff at a juvenile residential treatment facility. We used conditional probabilities and statistical analyses to identify conditional events that predict increased likelihood of challenging behavior (e.g. days of the week, time of day). The findings may allow clinicians and administrators within the facility to allocate resources strategically to prevent and respond to challenging behavior effectively. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Challenging behavior within juvenile residential facilities is a ubiquitous problem for administrators.
Problem behavior by one resident can have dynamic effects on other residents and staff members.
Conditional probabilities can assist administrators in making decisions about intervention resources for staff members and residents of juvenile facilities.
O parecer escolar descritivo sob um olhar enunciativo Bárbara Luzia Covatti Malcorra; Vera Helena Dentee de Mello
Calidoscópio (São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil),
05/2017, Volume:
15, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Este artigo propõe-se a analisar, amparado na Teoria da Enunciação de Émile Benveniste, os efeitos de sentido decorrentes da sintagmatização empreendida pelo locutor em pareceres descritivos do ...ensino fundamental, com foco, mais especificamente, no sujeito que advém dos discursos dos professores e no “tu” instaurado pelo locutor no momento da enunciação. O corpus da pesquisa consiste em um parecer descritivo sobre um aluno do ensino fundamental, coletado em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino, localizada na cidade de Novo Hamburgo, região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS). O processo metodológico consiste na análise (a) do ato individual em que estão implicados o locutor e o alocutário; (b) da situação em que se realiza o ato enunciativo, na qual se constitui a referência construída no discurso e (c) dos instrumentos de realização desse ato, que são os índices específicos e os procedimentos acessórios. Constata-se, a partir da análise dos dados, que as sintagmatizações empreendidas pelo locutor-professor permitem que se apreenda a referência construída no discurso e, sobretudo, o caráter único e singular da enunciação. Palavras-chave: enunciação, sintagmatização-semantização, parecer descritivo.
Many functional assessment procedures have been developed and validated for use with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the ...utility and social acceptability of functional assessment methods for people with dementia. We conducted direct observations in the natural environment to produce data for conditional probability analyses and an experimental functional analysis of the behavior of two women with dementia. We found that the conditional probability analysis yielded similar conclusions about function as the data from the experimental functional analysis for both participants. Importantly, staff rated the direct observations as more socially acceptable. We also report barriers to conducting both methods in older adult settings that warrant further exploration, including the use of the assessments with people with dementia and intact vocal verbal repertoires.
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