Across many years of teaching Research Methods and assessing many applications for admission into higher degree studies which require an understanding of theories, principles, strategies and skills ...needed to complete a higher degree such as a Masters or a PhD, one of the things I have found problematic for many students is the inability to articulate differences between theory, theoretical framework and a conceptual framework for a proposed research project. This paper uses experiential methodology to draw upon my experience in practice, and systematic literature review methodology to draw upon supporting scholarly literature by leaders in the field, to contribute to existing knowledge on the meaning of each of these concepts, and more importantly to distinguish between them in a study of Research Methods, and in particular as they relate to designing a research proposal and a thesis for a higher degree. The primary aim is to help the reader develop a firm grasp of the meaning of these concepts and how they should be used in academic research discourses. The review answers five questions. 1. What does each of these terms mean? 2. When and how should each be used? 3. What purposes does a theoretical framework serve? 4. How do you develop a theoretical framework for your research proposal or thesis? 5. What does a good theoretical framework look like?
One-third of all global suicide deaths occur among adolescents and young adults, making suicide the second leading cause of death among young people. Nearly 80% of suicide deaths occur in low- and ...middle-income countries, and many African nations have higher rates of suicide than global averages. However, interventions are scarce. We conducted a scoping review of counseling interventions for suicide prevention among youth in Africa.
We performed structured searches of the Medline, Embase, PyscINFO, African Index Medicus, Global Heath Database, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described a counseling intervention conducted in Africa, focused on participants under age 22, and included a suicide-related outcome.
After removal of duplicates, 1808 titles and abstracts were screened and 10 studies were identified for full-text review. Of these, six included adult participants and did not disaggregate results for youth, two did not describe an intervention, and two did not include a relevant outcome. Thus, no studies were eligible for inclusion.
This empty review highlights the striking absence of published research on a life-threatening public health challenge, representing a distinct call to action for improved efforts in adolescent suicide prevention in Africa.
Literature on telehealth care delivery often addresses clinical, cost, technological, system, and organizational impacts. Less is known about interpersonal behaviors such as communication patterns ...and therapeutic relationship-building, which may have workforce development considerations. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify interpersonal health care provider (HCP) behaviors and attributes related to provider–patient interaction during care in telehealth delivery. Electronic searches were conducted using five indexes/databases: CINAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, ProQuest Dissertations, PubMed; with hand-searching of the immediate past 10 years of five journals. Search concepts included: communication, telehealth, education, and health care delivery. Of 5261 unique article abstracts initially identified, 338 full-text articles remained after exclusion criteria were applied and these were reviewed for eligibility. Finally, data were extracted from 45 articles. Through qualitative synthesis of the 45 articles, we noted that papers encompassed many disciplines and targeted care to people in many settings including: home care, primary and specialist care, mental health/counseling, and multi-site teams. Interpersonal behaviors were observed though not manipulated through study designs. Six themes were identified: HCP-based support for telehealth delivery; provider–patient interactions during the telehealth event; environmental attributes; and guidelines for education interventions or evaluation of HCP behaviors. Although unable to identify current best practices, important considerations for practice and education did emerge. These include: perceptions of the utility of telehealth; differences in communication patterns such as pace and type of discourse, reliance on visual cues by both provider and patient especially in communicating empathy and building rapport; and confidentiality and privacy in telehealth care delivery.
Este texto apresenta um estudo do estado do conhecimento sobre o Ensino de Arte nos cursos técnicos integrados ao Ensino Medio dos Institutos Federáis de Educaçâo, Ciencia e Tecnología. Trata-se de ...urna pesquisa por fontes bibliográficas que tenham abordado a problemática em questáo no período de 2011 a 2020. As buscas por teses, dissertaçöes, artigos e livros foram feitas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertaçöes - BNTD, no Banco de Teses e Dissertaçöes da Coordenaçâo de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes), na base de dados Science Electronic Library On-Line (Scielo) e base Scholar Google. Feita uma diferenciaçâo da Arte enquanto habilidade técnica ou conteúdo cultural e Arte enquanto conteúdo próprio dos ambientes educacionais, apresentam-se discussöes e reflexoes realizadas por pesquisadores de diferentes locáis do país, permitindo-nos a constataçâo de que o ensino de Arte tem o potencial de superar o aspecto predominantemente mecánico e tecnicista de que estáo impregnadas as escolas de perfil profissional e tecnológico. Os textos, unánimemente, situam o ensino de Arte como fator transformador e humanizador, que atravessa as barreiras da simples técnica e permite aos educandos a compreensâo de um mundo nāo objetivo, o que Ibes permitirá compreender suas próprias subjetividades.
"Starting Research in Clinical Education" is written by a global team of experienced and emerging clinical education researchers who have a wealth of knowledge designing rigorous research projects ...and expertise in contemporary methods. Covering a broad spectrum of methods used by clinical education researchers, the book is split into five parts: research design, evidence synthesis and mixed methods research, qualitative research, quantitative research and succeeding in clinical education research. These sections are also accompanied by a companion website which provides further resources. The methods discussed are illustrated with real life examples and case studies to support the reader in designing their own project. The new edition includes information on: (1) Getting started in clinical education research, constructing a research question, clarifying research paradigms and design, using educational theory, involving stakeholders, sampling and recruiting participants and conducting ethical research; (2) Evidence synthesis, realist research, mixed methods research, action research and emerging possibilities in online data collection; (3) Interviews and focus groups, visual elicitation, ethnography, narrative research, thematic analysis and struggles new researchers often face in qualitative research; (4) Survey research, experimental methods, statistical analysis and big data; and (5) Maximising opportunities, project management, writing dissertations, writing for publication, research dissemination and career development. This edition is designed to support those new to clinical education research, including those undertaking intercalated or postgraduate degrees in clinical, medical, dental or health professions education.
Academic libraries have a long tradition of collecting, preserving, and offering access to information about doctoral dissertations through the repositories of electronic theses and dissertations. In ...recent years libraries have turned their attention to Wikidata as a knowledge graph for publishing structured data on the Web. These initiatives include the publication of metadata about theses and dissertations. However, Wikidata is a sociotechnical infrastructure, where the responsibility for its development is in the hands of its users. This includes asynchronous collaborative work on its ontology by many non-expert users. This may cause tensions between traditional metadata control and socially developed schemas. The goal of this article is to develop a conceptual understanding of the representation patterns of doctoral dissertations in a socially constructed Wikidata knowledge graph. This study uses an interpretative approach guided by the method of the close reading of the infrastructure to develop an understanding of what a doctoral dissertation is in this socially constructed representation of reality and how doctoral dissertations are described using Wikidata ontology. The ontological status of the doctoral dissertation is revealed by interpreting the place of this concept in the taxonomic structure of the Wikidata ontology. The expressiveness of Wikidata ontology for the description of doctoral dissertations is limited to three selected properties, authorship, doctoral advisor, and the institution to which the dissertation was submitted. The results of this study show on the one hand the redundancies in modelling doctoral dissertations, and on the other inconsistencies in the descriptions. This calls for close attention from libraries to metadata curatorial practices in Wikidata sociotechnical infrastructure.
Education entails conflicting perspectives about its subject matter. In the late 1980s, the conflict developed into a war between interpretive and causal paradigms. Did the confrontation result in a ...balance between these warring sides? We use text analysis to identify research trends in 137,024 dissertation abstracts from 1980 to 2010 and relate these to students’ academic employment outcomes. Topics associated with the interpretive approach rose in popularity, while the outcomes-oriented paradigm declined. Academic employment remained stably associated with topics in the interpretive approach, but their effect is moderated by the prestige of the students’ institutions. The relation between topic popularity and employability provides insight into field change and how the benefits of cultural shifts fall along the lines of institutional power.
Purpose: This study provides an analysis of professional development school (PDS) dissertation research that focuses on learning in PDSs. These 103 dissertations written between 1990 and 2020 address ...an aspect of learning in PDS work, including inquiry as a pedagogical learning tool, student learning PK-12, intern/teacher candidate learning, university teacher educator learning, and inservice teacher learning. From the current exploration of PDS dissertations, most especially from the comparison studies, the authors have learned that there is still no clear path to presenting PDS as having a positive impact when compared with non-PDS experiences.. Design/methodology/approach: Within each of these categories, the authors examine the dissertations by methodology and explore common themes among dissertation findings. As the PDS movement enters its third decade of inquiry and builds its efficacy on models of learning, the findings provide insight into the degree to which PDS scholars are building on the past to determine future PDS research agendas around learning. Findings: The authors examine the dissertations by methodology and explore common themes among dissertation findings. The themes included: intern learning does happen in PDS sites; PDSs provide structures for intern learning; teacher educators can learn from their PDS work; dissertations in the area of student learning overwhelmingly had inconclusive findings, except for research that focused on targeted interventions, which demonstrated student gains. Research limitations/implications: With fewer PDS-focused dissertations being written in more recent years, the authors wonder if the complexity of PDS may be a deterrent to the growth and sustainability of this model? Practical implications: From the current exploration of PDS dissertations, most especially from the comparison studies, the authors have learned that the authors still do not have a clear path to presenting PDS as having a positive impact when compared with non-PDS experiences. However, the authors are beginning to understand the types of studies that are needed to move this agenda forward and hope the work will help inform the PDS community of some. Originality/value: This is the first known study of PDS dissertations across time.
Words with high orthographic relatedness are termed “word neighbors” (
angle/angel
;
birch/birth
). Activation-based models of word recognition assume that lateral inhibition occurs between words and ...their activated neighbors. However, studies of eye movements during reading have not found inhibitory effects in early measures assumed to reflect lexical access (e.g., gaze duration). Instead, inhibition in eye-movement studies has been found in later measures of processing (e.g., total time, regressions in). We conducted an eye-movement boundary change study (Rayner,
Cognitive Psychology, 7
(1), 65-81,
1975
) that manipulated the parafoveal preview of the word following the neighbor word (word N+1). In this way, we explored whether the late inhibitory effects seen with transposed letter words and words with higher-frequency neighbors result from reduced parafoveal preview due to increased foveal load and/or interference during late stages of lexical processing (the L2 stage within the E-Z Reader framework). For word N+1, while there were clear preview effects, there was not an effect of the neighborhood status of word N, nor a significant interaction. This suggests that the late inhibitory effects of earlier eye-movement studies are driven by misidentification of neighbor words rather than being due to increased foveal load.
An important component of fluent linguistic production is control of the multi-word expressions referred to as clusters, chunks or bundles. These are extended collocations which appear more ...frequently than expected by chance, helping to shape meanings in specific contexts and contributing to our sense of coherence in a text. Bundles have begun to attract considerable attention in corpus studies in EAP, although the extent to which they differ by discipline remains an open question. This paper explores the forms, structures and functions of 4-word bundles in a 3.5 million word corpus of research articles, doctoral dissertations and Master’s theses in four disciplines to learn something of disciplinary variations in their frequencies and preferred uses. The analysis shows that bundles are not only central to the creation of academic discourse, but that they offer an important means of differentiating written texts by discipline.
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