Burnout: 35 years of research and practice Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Leiter, Michael P.; Maslach, Christina
Career development international,
06/2009, Volume:
14, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to focus on the career of the burnout concept itself, rather than reviewing research findings on burnout.Design methodology approach - The paper presents an ...overview of the concept of burnout.Findings - The roots of the burnout concept seem to be embedded within broad social, economic, and cultural developments that took place in the last quarter of the past century and signify the rapid and profound transformation from an industrial society into a service economy. This social transformation goes along with psychological pressures that may translate into burnout. After the turn of the century, burnout is increasingly considered as an erosion of a positive psychological state. Although burnout seems to be a global phenomenon, the meaning of the concept differs between countries. For instance, in some countries burnout is used as a medical diagnosis, whereas in other countries it is a non-medical, socially accepted label that carries a minimum stigma in terms of a psychiatric diagnosis.Originality value - The paper documents that the exact meaning of the concept of burnout varies with its context and the intentions of those using the term.
Literature on telehealth care delivery often addresses clinical, cost, technological, system, and organizational impacts. Less is known about interpersonal behaviors such as communication patterns ...and therapeutic relationship-building, which may have workforce development considerations. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify interpersonal health care provider (HCP) behaviors and attributes related to provider–patient interaction during care in telehealth delivery. Electronic searches were conducted using five indexes/databases: CINAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, ProQuest Dissertations, PubMed; with hand-searching of the immediate past 10 years of five journals. Search concepts included: communication, telehealth, education, and health care delivery. Of 5261 unique article abstracts initially identified, 338 full-text articles remained after exclusion criteria were applied and these were reviewed for eligibility. Finally, data were extracted from 45 articles. Through qualitative synthesis of the 45 articles, we noted that papers encompassed many disciplines and targeted care to people in many settings including: home care, primary and specialist care, mental health/counseling, and multi-site teams. Interpersonal behaviors were observed though not manipulated through study designs. Six themes were identified: HCP-based support for telehealth delivery; provider–patient interactions during the telehealth event; environmental attributes; and guidelines for education interventions or evaluation of HCP behaviors. Although unable to identify current best practices, important considerations for practice and education did emerge. These include: perceptions of the utility of telehealth; differences in communication patterns such as pace and type of discourse, reliance on visual cues by both provider and patient especially in communicating empathy and building rapport; and confidentiality and privacy in telehealth care delivery.
Cultural factors such as health care access and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom interpretations have been proposed as impacting delayed diagnosis and treatment for African American children ...with ASD. A qualitative study of urban African American families caring for their child with autism was conducted with 24 family members and 28 ASD professionals. Cultural caring meant families protected their child from harm including potential or actual distrustful encounters, and took action for their child and community to optimize their child’s health and address the knowledge deficits of ASD within their community. Families and professionals believed cultural influences delayed families’ receiving and seeking appropriate health care for the African American child with ASD affecting timely autism diagnosis and treatment.
El objeto del estudio es conocer y valorar la evolución de las temáticas y contenidos de las tesis doctorales que se han leído en España sobre Biomecánica Deportiva durante el periodo comprendido ...entre los años 1980 y 2019. La muestra está compuesta de 233 tesis después de un proceso de selección con el uso de criterios de inclusión/exclusión y términos de búsqueda específicos. Los resultados demuestran que existe un crecimiento progresivo en la producción de tesis doctorales a lo largo del tiempo con incrementos progresivos, especialmente en el tercer y cuarto periodo. Los campos temáticos con mayor número de tesis leídas son los de Biomecánica de Apoyo y de Biomecánica Aplicada. El campo de Biomecánica Básica resulta residual, con tres tesis leídas a lo largo del periodo investigado. En la Biomecánica de Apoyo, el subcampo más representado y con un crecimiento constante, es el del Área Médica, con 73 tesis leídas que representa el 68,2% del total del campo temático. En la Biomecánica Aplicada, los subcampos con más tesis leídas son los de Análisis de la Técnica Deportiva y de Análisis del Movimiento con 35 y 32 tesis leídas, respectivamente, sin que se observe un crecimiento constante a lo largo del tiempo. El campo de Biomecánica-Tecnologías es el tercero con un 10,7% de las tesis leídas. El término más utilizado en los títulos de las tesis es el de la “marcha” que se convierte en un tema transversal que ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas científicas.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to know and assess the evolution of the themes and contents of the doctoral theses that have been read in Spain on Sports Biomechanics during the period between 1980 and 2019. The sample is made up of 233 theses after a selection process with the use of inclusion / exclusion criteria and specific search terms. The results show that there is a progressive growth in the production of doctoral theses over time with progressive increases, especially in the third and fourth periods. The thematic fields with the highest number of theses read are Support Biomechanics and Applied Biomechanics. The Basic Biomechanics field is a residual field with 3 theses read over time. In Support Biomechanics, the most represented subfield with constant growth is the Medical Area with 73 theses read, representing 68.2% of the total thematic field. In Applied Biomechanics, the subfields with the most theses read are the Analysis of Sports Technique and Analysis of Movement with 35 and 32 theses read, with no constant growth observed over time. The Biomechanics-Technologies field is the third with 10.7% of the theses read. The term most used in the thesis titles is "walking", which becomes a cross-cutting theme that has been approached from different scientific perspectives.
In this letter, we assess whether the contributions of judges from underrepresented groups are undervalued or overlooked, thereby reducing these judges’ influence on legal policy. Drawing on an ...original dataset of discretionary citations to over 2,000 published federal appellate decisions, we find that the majority of opinions written by female judges receive less attention from other courts than those by similarly situated men and that this is largely attributable to disparities in citing Black women and Latinas. We also find that additional efforts by Black and Latinx judges to ground their opinions in precedent yield a much lower rate of return in subsequent citations by outside circuits than comparable work by white men and women judges. This suggests that, despite gains in diversification in the federal judiciary, stereotypes about social identities will play a powerful role in determining whose ideas receive recognition.
Across many years of teaching Research Methods and assessing many applications for admission into higher degree studies which require an understanding of theories, principles, strategies and skills ...needed to complete a higher degree such as a Masters or a PhD, one of the things I have found problematic for many students is the inability to articulate differences between theory, theoretical framework and a conceptual framework for a proposed research project. This paper uses experiential methodology to draw upon my experience in practice, and systematic literature review methodology to draw upon supporting scholarly literature by leaders in the field, to contribute to existing knowledge on the meaning of each of these concepts, and more importantly to distinguish between them in a study of Research Methods, and in particular as they relate to designing a research proposal and a thesis for a higher degree. The primary aim is to help the reader develop a firm grasp of the meaning of these concepts and how they should be used in academic research discourses. The review answers five questions. 1. What does each of these terms mean? 2. When and how should each be used? 3. What purposes does a theoretical framework serve? 4. How do you develop a theoretical framework for your research proposal or thesis? 5. What does a good theoretical framework look like?
Method: A comprehensive literature search with the key words "Wushu culture," "Wushu history," and "Wushu military" was 1st completed in 2 major Chinese databases: the China Academic Journal Network ...Publishing Database and the China Doctoral Dissertations Full-Text Database.
Transdisciplinarity originated in a critique of the standard configuration of knowledge in disciplines in the curriculum, including moral and ethical concerns. Pronouncements about it were first ...voiced between the climax of government-supported science and higher education and the long retrenchment that began in the 1970s. Early work focused on questions of epistemology and the planning of future universities and educational programs. After a lull, transdisciplinarity re-emerged in the 1990s as an urgent issue relating to the solution of new, highly complex, global concerns, beginning with climate change and sustainability and extending into many areas concerning science, technology, social problems and policy, education, and the arts. Transdisciplinarity today is characterized by its focus on “wicked problems” that need creative solutions, its reliance on stakeholder involvement, and engaged, socially responsible science. In simultaneously studying multiple levels of, and angles on, reality, transdisciplinary work provides an intriguing potential to invigorate scholarly and scientific inquiry both in and outside the academy.
Education entails conflicting perspectives about its subject matter. In the late 1980s, the conflict developed into a war between interpretive and causal paradigms. Did the confrontation result in a ...balance between these warring sides? We use text analysis to identify research trends in 137,024 dissertation abstracts from 1980 to 2010 and relate these to students’ academic employment outcomes. Topics associated with the interpretive approach rose in popularity, while the outcomes-oriented paradigm declined. Academic employment remained stably associated with topics in the interpretive approach, but their effect is moderated by the prestige of the students’ institutions. The relation between topic popularity and employability provides insight into field change and how the benefits of cultural shifts fall along the lines of institutional power.
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