The aim of this FEPSAC Position Statement is to summarize current knowledge about athletes' dual careers (DCs) in the European context and propose recommendations for future DC research, practice, ...and policy. Inspired by the European Union's Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes (European Commission, 2012), researchers, practitioners, and policy makers collaborated over the last decade to create the European DC discourse as a context-informed and negotiated body of DC knowledge. In this paper, we proceed from analyzing this body of knowledge using recent review papers and European DC psychological research projects to formulating seven postulates summarizing DC research findings on factors influencing athletes in their striving for DC excellence. These factors include (1) context, (2) pathways and transitions, (3) challenges, (4) resources and coping, (5) support and empowerment, (6) student-athletes' mental health, and (7) DC development environments. In the final section, we acknowledge the contributions of European DC discourse in serving athletes in their pursuit of DC excellence and European DC culture. We also provide a critical discussion on DC knowledge gaps and, on behalf of FEPSAC, offer recommendations for DC research, practice, and policy in Europe.
"This study suggests that multitasking constitutes an important source of gender inequality, which can help explain previous findings that mothers feel more burdened and stressed than do fathers even ...when they have relatively similar workloads. Using data from the 500 Family Study, including surveys and the Experience Sampling Method, the study examines activities parents simultaneously engage in and how they feel when multitasking. We find that mothers spend 10 more hours a week multitasking compared to fathers and that these additional hours are mainly related to time spent on housework and childcare. For mothers, multitasking activities at home and in public are associated with an increase in negative emotions, stress, psychological distress, and work-family conflict. By contrast, fathers' multitasking at home involves less housework and childcare and is not a negative experience. We also find several similarities by gender. Mothers' and fathers' multitasking in the company of a spouse or children are positive experiences, whereas multitasking at work, although associated with an increased sense of productivity, is perceived as a negative experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku). Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Forschungsmethode: empirisch; Befragung. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 1999 bis 2000.
Dual career development environments (DCDEs) exist to support student-athletes in their endeavours to combine sport with education or work. Such environments are likely to vary in their structure, ...processes, philosophy, and degree of efficiency. With the overall aim of applying the holistic ecological approach (Henriksen, Stambulova & Roessler, 2010) to the study of DCDEs, the objectives of the present study are: (a) to provide a holistic description of a Danish athlete-friendly university as a DCDE, and (b) to investigate the factors influencing the environment’s effectiveness.
Based on two working models, the study takes a case study approach and a real-time perspective and uses multiple sources of data (interviews, observations, and documents).
Two empirical models summarize the findings and portray the DCDE as: (1) centred on a dual career (DC) support team that serves to support communication and coordination between the sport, study, and private domains; (2) focused on providing individual solutions for each athlete; (3) teaching student-athletes to plan, prioritize, communicate, and take responsibility for the balance in their DC endeavour; and (4) deeply rooted in a shared DC philosophy that puts sport first and recognizes that the student-athletes must be seen as whole persons.
Researcher-practitioners in the DC context are encouraged to focus not only on the challenges and coping strategies of the individual student-athletes but to understand and (if necessary) optimize the entire environment around them.
•This study is a part of the Erasmus + Sports project “Ecology of Dual Career”.•It applies the holistic ecological approach to the study of dual careers.•It introduces the dual career development environment (DCDE) and two working models.•Explores a Danish university DCDE by transforming working models to empirical models.•Stimulates readers to consider the role of environment in athletes’ dual careers.
Through a qualitative study of 50 dual-career couples, we examine how partners in such couples shape the development of each other’s professional identities and how they experience and interpret the ...relationship between those identities. We found that the extent to which and how partners shaped each other’s professional identities depended on the couple’s attachment structure, that is, whether one partner—or both—experienced the other as a secure base. Someone comes to regard another person as a secure base when he or she experiences the other as both dependably supportive and encouraging of his or her exploratory behavior. Couples who had a unidirectional secure-base structure experienced conflict between the development of their professional identities. The partner who received a secure base pursued ongoing professional identity development, while the partner who provided a secure base foreclosed it. Couples who had a bidirectional secure-base structure experienced mutual enhancement of their professional identity development. Both partners engaged in it and expanded their professional identity by incorporating attributes of their partner’s. Building on these findings, we develop a model of professional identity co-construction in secure-base relationships that breaks new theoretical ground by exploring interpersonal identity relationships and highlighting their roots in the secure-base structure of a dyadic relationship.
Domestic violence is a social problem in Indonesia, with the number of cases increasing. There have not been many sociological studies discussing women's resistance to domestic violence. This study ...analyses women's resistance against violence in Indonesian households with two professional spouses. It employed qualitative methods, interviewing 61 informants. The findings show that in dual-career families, women's responses to violence are sometimes active. Recurring violence fosters resistance. The study finds several triggers for resistance and various resistance strategies. The study concludes that female resistance alters husband-wife relations, reducing the oppression of wives. Thus female resistance is a strategy to fight gender inequality.
A variety of stressors may be encountered while trying to achieve a dual career in sports. Therefore, it is necessary for athletes to develop coping strategies to deal with stress. The purpose of ...this study was to identify dual career proactive coping strategies which lead to positive behavior toward realizing dual careers for athletes, and to develop guidelines for acquiring these strategies. In Study 1, the purpose of this study was to clarify coping strategies used in attaining a dual career. Six subjects were interviewed and analyzed qualitatively. In Study 2, the aim was to create a scale to measure “dual career proactive coping”. A survey was completed by 406 dual career college students. Factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Study 1 revealed that subjects with dual careers used seven coping strategies. In particular, “proactive avoidance thinking” and “proactive avoidance behavior” were considered characteristic coping strategies for a dual career. In Study 2, as a result of exploratory factor analysis, a Dual career Proactive Coping Scale (:DPCS) for college student athletes was created with 23 factors, including four factors： As a result of examining whether there was a difference in the average score of each subscale due to the difference between the high and the low ability group and the degree of stress coping, results showed that the high ability group score was significantly higher for all four factors. As a result, it was shown that “resilient thinking” leads to high performance, and “relaxation of mind and body”, “resilient thinking”, and that “proactive avoidance” lead to high stress management. The results of this study suggest that efforts to acquire dual career proactive coping may affect the ability to perform and acquire stress coping abilities.
(a) To provide a state-of-the-art critical review of European dual career (DC) research (2015–2018, English language), (b) to position the current DC (psychological) research within the athlete ...career sport psychology discourse and within the European DC discourse, and (c) to identify research gaps and future challenges. These objectives were formulated after an appraisal of nine existing review-type papers contributed to the European DC discourse.
This review has been informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & The PRISMA group, 2010) and recommendations on presenting results of the state-of-the-art critical review by Grant and Booth (2009).
Following an extensive literature search across several databases, 42 research papers were used for appraisal, synthesis, and critical analysis of the current DC research. Major tenets of the cultural praxis of athletes' careers (Stambulova & Ryba, 2013a,b; 2014) were used as a critical lens in the analysis.
DC research contributes to and connects the European DC discourse and the athlete career sport psychology discourse. DC in sport and work, DC “costs”, DC development environments, DC athletes' mental health and well-being, DC support and training of the support providers constitute the major gaps in current DC research. Filling these gaps presents future challenges for DC research to adequately support practice and policy making within the European DC discourse.
•Forty two peer-reviewed dual career (DC) articles from 2015–18 were reviewed.•Mapping and narrative syntheses revealed progress and gaps in current DC research.•Tenets of cultural praxis of athletes’ careers were used as a lens for critical reflections.•European DC discourse and athlete career (psychology) discourse were found to overlap.•DC term has been established, and a holistic lifespan perspective informed most studies.
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