Divided Brains Rogers, Lesley J.; Vallortigara, Giorgio; Andrew, Richard J.
01/2013
eBook
Asymmetry of the brain and behaviour (lateralization) has traditionally been considered unique to humans. However, research has shown that this phenomenon is widespread throughout the vertebrate ...kingdom and found even in some invertebrate species. A similar basic plan of organisation exists across vertebrates. Summarising the evidence and highlighting research from the last twenty years, the authors discuss lateralization from four perspectives - function, evolution, development and causation - covering a wide range of animals, including humans. The evolution of lateralization is traced from our earliest ancestors, through fish and reptiles to birds and mammals. The benefits of having a divided brain are discussed, as well as the influence of experience on its development. A final chapter discusses outstanding problems and areas for further investigation. Experts in this field, the authors present the latest scientific knowledge clearly and engagingly, making this a valuable tool for anyone interested in the biology and behaviour of brain asymmetries.
Abstract Recently, at least 50 million of novel examples of compact G 2 holonomy manifolds have been constructed as twisted connected sums of asymptotically cylindrical Calabi-Yau threefolds. The ...purpose of this paper is to study mirror symmetry for compactifications of Type II superstrings in this context. We focus on G 2 manifolds obtained from building blocks constructed from dual pairs of tops, which are the closest to toric CY hypersurfaces, and formulate the analogue of the Batyrev mirror map for this class of G 2 holonomy manifolds, thus obtaining several millions of novel dual superstring backgrounds. In particular, this leads us to conjecture a plethora of novel exact dualities among the corresponding 2d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 sigma models.
The problem of finding the zeros of the sum of two maximally monotone operators is of fundamental importance in optimization and variational analysis. In this paper, we systematically study ...Attouch–Théra duality for this problem. We provide new results related to Passty’s parallel sum, to Eckstein and Svaiter’s extended solution set, and to Combettes’ fixed point description of the set of primal solutions. Furthermore, paramonotonicity is revealed to be a key property because it allows for the recovery of all primal solutions given just one arbitrary dual solution. As an application, we generalize the best approximation results by Bauschke, Combettes and Luke H.H. Bauschke, P.L. Combettes, D.R. Luke, A strongly convergent reflection method for finding the projection onto the intersection of two closed convex sets in a Hilbert space, Journal of Approximation Theory 141 (2006) 63–69 from normal cone operators to paramonotone operators. Our results are illustrated through numerous examples.
Abstract A recent theorem of Foscolo-Haskins-Nordström 1 which constructs complete G 2-holonomy orbifolds from circle bundles over Calabi-Yau cones can be utilised to construct and investigate a ...large class of generalisations of the M-theory flop transition. We see that in many cases a UV perturbative gauge theory appears to have an infrared dual described by a smooth G 2-holonomy background in M-theory. Various physical checks of this proposal are carried out affirmatively.
We review recent developments in duality symmetric string theory. We begin with the world-sheet doubled formalism which describes strings in an extended spacetime with extra coordinates conjugate to ...winding modes. This formalism is T-duality symmetric and can accommodate non-geometric T-fold backgrounds which are beyond the scope of Riemannian geometry. Vanishing of the conformal anomaly of this theory can be interpreted as a set of spacetime equations for the background fields. These equations follow from an action principle that has been dubbed Double Field Theory (DFT). We review the aspects of generalised geometry relevant for DFT. We outline recent extensions of DFT and explain how, by relaxing the so-called strong constraint with a Scherk–Schwarz ansatz, one can obtain backgrounds that simultaneously depend on both the regular and T-dual coordinates. This provides a purely geometric higher dimensional origin to gauged supergravities that arise from non-geometric compactification. We then turn to M-theory and describe recent progress in formulating an En(n) U-duality covariant description of the dynamics. We describe how spacetime may be extended to accommodate coordinates conjugate to brane wrapping modes and the construction of generalised metrics in this extended space that unite the bosonic fields of supergravity into a single object. We review the action principles for these theories and their novel gauge symmetries. We also describe how a Scherk–Schwarz reduction can be applied in the M-theory context and the resulting relationship to the embedding tensor formulation of maximal gauged supergravities.
In electromagnetic systems, duality is manifested in various forms: circuit, Keller–Dykhne, electromagnetic, and Babinet dualities. These dualities have been developed individually in different ...research fields and frequency regimes, leading to a lack of unified perspective. In this paper, we establish a unified view of these dualities in electromagnetic systems. The underlying geometrical structures behind the dualities are elucidated by using concepts from algebraic topology and differential geometry. Moreover, we show that seemingly disparate phenomena, such as frequency-independent effective response, zero backscattering, and critical response, can be considered to be emergent phenomena of self-duality.
Entangled Dual Universe Mohammed B. Al-Fadhli
Physical sciences forum,
03/2023, Volume:
7, Issue:
1
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Advances in cosmology and astronomical observations have brought to light significant tensions and uncertainties within the current model of cosmology, which assumes a spatially flat Universe and is ...known as the ΛCDM model. Moreover, the Planck Legacy 2018 release has preferred that the early Universe had a positive curvature with a confidence level more than 99%. This study reports a quantum mechanism that could potentially replace the concept of dark matter/energy by taking into the account the primordial curvature while generating the present-day spatial flatness. The approach incorporates the primordial curvature as the background curvature to extend the field equations into brane-world gravity. It utilizes a new wavefunction of the Universe that propagates in the bulk with respect to the scale factor and curvature radius of the early Universe upon the emission of the cosmic microwave background. The resulting wavefunction yields both positive and negative solutions, revealing the presence of a pair of entangled wavefunctions as a manifestation of the creation of matter and antimatter sides of the Universe. The wavefunction shows a nascent hyperbolic expansion away from early energy in opposite directions followed by a first decelerating expansion phase during the first ~10 Gyr and a subsequent accelerating expansion phase in reverse directions. During the second phase, both Universe sides are free-falling towards each other under gravitational acceleration. The simulation of the predicted background curvature evolution shows that the early curved background caused galaxies to experience external fields, resulting in the fast orbital speed of outer stars. Finally, the wavefunction predicts that the Universe will eventually undergo a rapid contraction phase resulting in a Big Crunch, which reveals a cyclic Universe.
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