The main strategy was to maintain the sea route from the northernmost point of the Adriatic to the Levant, and to introduce the necessary legal, commercial, and administrative practices modelled upon ...its own. During the 13th and 14th centuries Venice worked on gaining military and economic control over the Eastern Adriatic and “prepared the ground” for its later long dominance in that area. In this period, from Venetian perspective, the cities were primarily strategic and exchange points – and were increasingly perceived as the natural hub of connections between the Mediterranean and Central Europe or the West and the Levant. The infrastructures that supported the Venetian long-distance trade in the 13th and 14th centuries were related to security, equipment, and the possibility of transit, as well as supplying enough manpower on the way.
The changes in the grassland vegetation that have occurred over the last almost 100 years on the northeastern Adriatic island of Plavnik (Croatia) were studied. For this purpose, 29 phytosociological ...relevés of standard plot size were collected using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological approach and compared with those of 100 years ago. With the aim of defining the differences among the communities and identifying the main environmental gradients, cluster analysis (Ward's method on a Chord distance matrix) and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination were applied. Taxa score-weighted means of the Ellenberg-type indicator values of main environmental variables were used to assess ecological differences among communities, and disturbance-related indicator values were calculated to assess the disturbance regime in shaping plant communities. According to the syntaxonomic framework for the grassland associations, three associations and two subassociations were found. Among them the Festuco valesiacae-Poetum bulbosae ( Poetalia bulbosae, Poetea bulbosae ), the Helichrysetum italici salvietosum officinalis ( Scorzoneretalia villosae, Festuco-Brometea ), and the Hedypnoido rhagadioloidis-Asphodeletum ramosi were proposed as new. The Festuco valesiacae-Poetum bulbosae documents for the first time, based on phytosociological data, the occurrence of the Poetea bulbosae in Croatia. Three associations were considered extinct, possibly as a result of changes in grazing pressure and type.
This paper examines the narrative strategies of the oldest two medieval Eastern Adriatic historical accounts regarding the emergence of the Early Medieval gentes in local history. Seen through the ...framework of Othering, these accounts display complicated images within images rather than a linear narrative. At the same time, two categories of the Other seem to appear in them – the present, preferable Other, and the past, undesirable Other. By employing such strategies, the two histories depict all the gentes in an almost identical manner, and in accordance with the established images, with only some layers of actual historical background.
Three individuals of Prangos trifida (Mill.) Herrnst. & Heyn (Apiaceae) were found in Croatia for the first time in 2013. The population has increased in the last ten years and in 2023, 30 ...individuals were found. Prangos trifida grows on the small islet of Zmorašnji Opuh (Puh) in the Kornati National Park (Dalmatia) within the vegetation of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs. The taxonomic status, ecology and origin of the species are briefly discussed.
This paper advances knowledge of human behavioural and adaptational strategies in coastal areas related to acquiring, producing and distributing ornaments, specifically, the omnipresent marine ...gastropod Columbella rustica. By applying quantitative and qualitative approaches to the most extensive collection of Columbella rustica shells in the Eastern Adriatic region discovered in the Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic levels of Vlakno cave in Croatia, we have determined the complete step-by-step life cycle of this bead type, in particular, where and how shells were collected, produced, used, distributed and discarded. By integrating different methodologies, our data revealed changes in the collection strategies, reduction of the shell size during the Mesolithic period, and standardisation and continuity in production techniques. Detailed analyses of broken shells in the archaeological assemblage identified the presence of technological traces resulting from processing mistakes, supporting our hypothesis of on-site production. A significant share of used and unused standardised beads points that bead production at this site was for personal use but also likely for the exchange and distribution systems. Standardised, systematic and long-lasting activity related to the ornaments places Vlakno cave as one of the leading centres for maintaining regional exchange and communication networks in the Eastern Adriatic region during significant climatic and environmental changes happening in this region in the Late Pleniglacial and the early Holocene. Detecting on-site activities related to the ornaments in Vlakno cave has extended our understanding of how symbolic motives influenced the settlement model of the Late Pleniglacial and Early Holocene hunter-gatherers in Eastern Adriatic region and overall contributed to fundamental questions about the complexity of ancient human societies' adaptation strategies.
•Chaîne opératoire and in-situ production of C. rustica ornaments•Changes in collection strategies reflected in size reduction•Standardization of production techniques in Eastern Adriatic•Archaeological broken shells as processing mistakes
Teorija društvenog isprepletanja (eng. the entanglement theory) interpretativno je sredstvo koje nastoji razlučiti dinamiku kulturnog transfera i odnosa moći između doseljenika i starosjedilaca. ...Pojašnjava kako su se društva različitih ekonomskih i političkih pozadina mijenjala, međusobno dijeleći društveno-kulturni sadržaj. Teorija je usko povezana s antropologijom konzumacije koja tumači da se odnos ljudi prema novim predmetima ili djelatnostima strukturirao kroz tri temeljne odluke: izravno uklapanje u vlastite društvene okvire i norme, preobražajno prisvajanje ili odbijanje. U fokusu ovog rada su Grci i istočnojadranski urođenici. Vodeći se hipotezama o utjecaju krajolika na društvena obilježja, prostor promatranja ograničili smo na istočni Jadran, odnosno, uzak obalni prostor koji omeđuju Dinaridi u zaleđu te rijeke Bojana i Soča kao njegova južna i sjeverna granica. Promatrajući razinu i doseg preobražajnog prisvajanja lončarske tehnologije, pisma i novca među urođenicima, cilj je pokušati ponuditi nekoliko novih prijedloga u vidu povijesne dinamike grčko-urođeničkih odnosa. Pažnja je usmjerena na tzv. dublje društveno isprepletanje za koje je bila potrebna dulja vremenska interakcija.
In the eastern Adriatic flora the genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae) is represented with P. lentiscus L., P. terebinthus L., their hybrid P . × saportae Burnat and the cultivated P . vera L. In ...addition, an endemic putative taxon from Mt. Biokovo was described in 1985 as P. calcivora Radić. Our aim was to resolve relationships between the four putative indigenous taxa of this genus in Croatia ( P. lentiscus , P. terebinthus , P . × saportae and P. calcivora ) based on genetic (AFLP) and morphological data. Specifically, we aimed to determine the presence of the hybrid taxon P . × saportae and to validate the controversial taxonomic status of P. calcivora at the molecular and morphological levels. Our combined results indicate the presence of two well separated groups of populations. The first group included all individuals of P. terebinthus and the individuals initially assigned to the potential taxon P. calcivora based on leaf morphology, suggesting that there is no support for the described taxon P. calcivora and that it should be considered as a synonym for P. terebinthus . The second group corresponded to P. lentiscus and included the majority of the presumed hybrid individuals of P . × saportae . However, four hybrid individuals were confirmed at the molecular level and were placed between the two parental taxa in the phylogenetic tree, confirming the presence of P. × saportae in Croatia. Although confirmed P. × saportae individuals were genetically closer to P. lentiscus , they were morphologically more similar to P. terebinthus , hindering their correct identification in the field.
The haematophagic isopod parasite Ceratothoa oestroides (Risso, 1816) causes significant production losses in the commercial aquaculture of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L. 1758). These are often ...expressed as reduced fish growth and lower survival rates of sea bass fingerlings <20 g mass. Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethrin with demonstrable positive results in the control of C. oestroides. The aim of this study was to determine its efficacy in the control of C. oestroides in commercial production conditions. The experiment was carried out at a commercial sea bass farm and in two net cages of 16 m diameter stocked with 200,000 sea bass fingerlings of the same origin and weight. After 5 months culture, a deltamethrin treatment was performed in one cage, while the other cage served as a non-treated control. The average sea bass mass during the antiparasitic bath was 19.70 ± 0.47 g and 18.48 ± 0.50 g (mean ± SEM) for the treated and the control cages, respectively. Two months after the treatment, visual examination of the entire population was carried out. The results revealed that the number of C. oestroides in the treated cage was significantly lower (P < .01) compared to those in the control cage. Also, the C. oestroides were smaller in length in the treated group compared to the control cage. No sexually mature females were found in the treated group whereas in the control cage 21.3% of the C. oestroides were sexually mature, containing average 39.7 pulli larvae. The monthly mortality rate during this study was <0.5%, but mortality in the treated cage, after treatment in June, was lower than in the control cage. The results indicate that the deltamethrin treatment was successful in sea bass infected with C. oestroides. After two months, however, a new generation of immature C. oestroides appeared. These results show that sea bass weighing over 20 g can be reinfected, but the absence of sexually mature females points to the importance of this treatment to reduce the dynamics of C. oestroides population on a farm site. Despite good antiparasitic results, there is a further need to improve fish farming in the Mediterranean through the introduction of changes in husbandry practices with a purpose of prevention of parasitic horizontal transmission.
•Reinfestation of C. oestroides in sea bass is possible in fish with body mass > 20 g.•There was no C. oestroides resistance on deltamethrin.•The absence of sexually mature C. oestroides females in treated fish points the importance of this treatment.
This study offers a glance into the dense network of relationships between impresarios, theatre managers, singers, musicians and publishers who populated the multicultural territory of the Eastern ...Adriatic theatres in the period between 1861 and 1918. A detailed reconstruction provides insight into how opera performances were organised, from the initial search for funding, through the choice of repertoires, up to the closing of contracts with artists.
Diese Studie bietet einen Einblick in das dichte Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Impresarios, Theaterleitern, Sängern, Musikern und Verlegern in dem multikulturellen Gebiet der Theater an der östlichen Adria in der Zeit zwischen 1861 und 1918. Eine detaillierte Rekonstruktion gibt Aufschluss darüber, wie Opernaufführungen, von der anfänglichen Suche nach einer Finanzierung über die Auswahl des Repertoires bis hin zum Abschluss von Verträgen mit Künstlern organisiert wurden.
Tephrostratigraphic correlations commonly rely on geochemical composition supported by additional constraints (e.g., multiple stratigraphically ordered tephra, geochronological-stratigraphical ...constraints, and isotopic determinations), which provide key clues to restrict the number of possible candidates and disambiguate the correlation of a specific tephra among compositionally similar volcanic sources/tephra. However, such additional data may not be available or acquirable, leaving the geochemical data as sole, but challenging viable approach. In this study, two geochronologically poorly constrained late Pleistocene tephra from the eastern Adriatic –from a sand profile on Mljet Island (M-53/2) and from a marine sediment core from Pirovac Bay (PROS 721)– were correlated to known eruptions using only geochemical data (major and trace elements of glass shards), which were treated using both log ratio transformed and raw data. After the statistical treatment of the geochemical data using bivariate plots, linear discrimination analyses and selbal algorithm, the tephra M-53/2 and PROS 721 were suitably correlated with the widespread tephra generated during the Campi Flegrei eruptions of Massereia del Monte (Y-3 marine tephra, 29.0 ± 0.8 ka) and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (14.5 ± 0.4 ka), respectively. This study showed that the correlation was hardly tenable when using the raw data, as opposed to compositional approach, which yielded satisfactory results. As a consequence, the distribution of Massereia del Monte/Y-3 tephra extended far toward the northeast, while a better chronological model, for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes at the Pirovac Bay location and the Holocene sea-level dynamics, could be obtained.
•Statistically coherent approach to tephrochronological studies.•Problems which emerge from conventional approach are discussed.•Extanding the Mediterranean lattice of the tephra correlations.•Northernmost finding of the Y-3 tephra.
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