We propose an integrative model for the adaptation of immigrant-origin children and youth that combines ecological with risk and resilience frameworks. Immigrant-origin children and youth are now, ...and will continue to be, a diverse and demographically important segment of all postindustrial nations' populations. Synthesizing evidence across psychological, educational, and sociological disciplines produced since the seminal publication of García Coll et al.'s (1996) model, along with significant events such as a global refugee crisis, a sociopolitical "deportation nation" climate, and heightened xenophobia, we provide a model for understanding the current conditions immigrant-origin children and youth encounter as they develop. This new integrative conceptual model for addressing positive frameworks for adaptation provides a culturally relevant approach for understanding both the risks and resilience of this population. The model was designed to inform practice and future research in the service of immigrant-origin children and youth.
Anchored on the Ecological Systems Theory, this study aimed to determine how psychological distress operates as an underlying mechanism in the impact of socio‐ecological factors on the quality of ...life of Filipino adults during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis. A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted to assess perceptions of 401 adults on socio‐ecological factors (i.e., safety at home, trust in public institutions, and financial difficulties), psychological distress, and quality of life during the early phase of COVID‐19 community quarantine in the Philippines. Using latent variable path analysis, all three socio‐ecological factors have significant direct effects on both psychological distress and quality of life. More importantly, the proposed model was confirmed in terms of a significant partial mediation of psychological distress on the impact of safety at home, trust in public institutions, and financial difficulties on the quality of life of Filipino adults. The study offers novel insights into the role of psychological distress as an underlying mechanism that operates on the influence of socio‐ecological factors on the quality of life of adults during a global health crisis. Implications on psychological interventions and policies in preventing mental health problems vis‐à‐vis improving Filipinos' quality of life during the COVID‐19 pandemic are discussed.
•The NDVITs constructed by spectral and textural information performed well in wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation.•Textural information can assist spectral information to monitor wheat LNC and ...GPC effectively.•ANN model combining spectra, texture and ecological factor performed well in wheat GPC estimation.•Effective ecological factors are good predictors to improve the prediction accuracy of wheat GPC.
Nitrogen is an essential element of wheat growth and grain quality. Leaf nitrogen content (LNC), a critical monitoring indicator of crop nitrogen status, plays a reference role for later estimations of grain protein content (GPC). Developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms and multispectral sensors have provided new approaches for LNC monitoring and GPC estimation, with great convenience for assessing the nutritional status of plants and grains without traditional destructive sampling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation based on UAV multispectral imagery. Wheat experiments were carried out in Xinghua, Kunshan and Suining of Jiangsu Province during 2018−2019 and in Rugao of Jiangsu Province during 2020−2021 with different varieties and nitrogen application rates. Remote sensing images were obtained by a multi-rotor UAV carrying a multispectral camera. The destructive sampling method was used to collect LNC, GPC and other field data. Wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation models were established after selection of the optimal indicators. Different modelling methods were used for the comparative analysis, including unitary linear regression, multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. Three techniques were adopted to improve the GPC prediction accuracy: (1) multiple factors were substituted for single factor for the prediction; (2) texture information was added through further imagery mining; and (3) ecological factors were considered to improve the prediction mechanism. The results showed that the use of UAV-based Airphen multispectral imagery had a good effect on wheat LNC monitoring and GPC estimation. The vegetation indices constructed by red-edge and near-infrared bands had good performances in LNC monitoring and GPC estimation. The addition of texture information and ecological factors further improved the modelling accuracy. In this study, the optimal wheat GPC estimation model was established by NDVI (675, 730) at the jointing stage, NDVIT (730mea., 850) at the booting stage, NDVIT (730mea., 850) at the flowering stage and NDVI (730, 850) at the early filling stage. The modelling R2, validation R2 and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) reached 0.662, 0.7445 and 0.0635, respectively. The results provide a reference for crop LNC monitoring and GPC estimation based on UAV multispectral imagery.
The Cyprinidae fish’s gills are considered the permanent habitat for Dactylogyrids spp., common monogenean ectoparasites. This study aims to investigate the impact of monthly aquatic ecological ...dynamics on the diversity of Dactylogyrus. Moreover, the prevalence and species richness were correlated as well. A total of 140 fishes, representing 12 species from the family Cyprinidae, were collected from the Lesser Zab River, located in the northeast of Altuon-Kopri town, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. The collected fishes included: Acanthobrama marmid (37), Alburnus mossulensis (9), Barbus (B.) sharpey (5), Capoeta (C.) damascina (7), C. umbla (3), Carasobarbus luteus (10), Carassus (C.) auratus (13), C. carassus (3), Chondrostoma regium (18), Cyprinion macrostomum (5), Cyprinus carpio (26) and Luciobarbus xanthopterus (4). They were inspected weekly for diversity variation and richness of Dactylogyridis with different aquatic parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved salts (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). The collected data revealed the presence of various Dactylogyridis species with different prevalence and species richness. Monthly variations revealed that the highest species richness occurslowermost the lowermostoccurred in March 2023, and the lowest was observed in September 2022. According to aquatic parameters, only water temperature shows a significant negative correlation according to the species richness (p<0.05). In contrast, the other parameters show no significant correlation in accordance to the different months, monthly aquatic mean level of pH, TDS and EC were not correlated with species richness and prevalence of Dactylogyridis spp.
Raising crop yields and quality through plant ecological research has become an important approach to sustainably improving crop products. Stevia rebaudiana is widely introduced and cultivated around ...the world because of the continuous increase in demand for steviol glycosides. When selecting regions or plots suitable for high-yield and high-quality cultivation, it is necessary to understand the main ecological factors that contribute to the formation of S. rebaudiana yield and quality. In this study, sampling plots from different geographic and climatic regions in Xinjiang and Jiangsu were selected for S. rebaudiana cultivation. The geographic, climatic and soil ecological factors were analyzed based on a PLSR (partial least squares regression) model to discover the potentially influential factors in the yield and quality formation of the crop. The results suggest that not all geographic and climatic ecological factors contributed to yield formation; however, these factors, such as latitude, altitude and annual sunshine duration, had high or moderate influences on the concentration of each steviol glycoside and total steviol glycoside. Soil organic matter (OM), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), zinc (Zn), and catalase (CAT) had high or moderate effects on the concentrations of each steviol glycoside and total steviol glycoside. However, the other soil factors showed variability in the extent to which they drove the steviol glycosides. The study contributes to a more profound understanding of the ecological driving mechanisms of S. rebaudiana yield and quality formation. The yield or steviol glycoside concentrations of sweetleaf may be improved by modifying certain key ecological factors.
•Application of PLSR model found potential drivers of sweetleaf yield and quality.•Some key ecological factors driving yield and steviol glycoside formation.•The PLSR model provide explanations and predictions for sweetleaf cultivation.•Sweetleaf yield and quality can be improved based on PLSR model results.
Purpose Using a combination of the geographical information system (GIS) and the Canadian water quality index (WQI), the current study sought to provide a long-term general assessment of the water ...quality of the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAAR), focusing on its suitability for living organisms. Likewise, SPSS statistics was used to develop a nonlinear WQI regression model for the study area. Design/methodology/approach The study required four decades of data collection on some environmental characteristics of river water. After that, calculate the WQI and conduct the spatial analysis. Eight variables in total, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, potential hydrogen ions, electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand, turbidity, nitrate and phosphate, were chosen to calculate the WQI. Findings Throughout the study periods, the WQI values varied from 55.2 to 79.83, falling into the categories of four (marginal) and three (fair), with the sixth period (2007–2008) showing the most decline. The present research demonstrated that the high concentration of phosphates, the high EC values, and minor changes in the other environmental factors are the major causes of the decline in water quality. The variations in ecological variables' overlap are a senior contributor to changes in water quality in general. Notably, using GIS in conjunction with the WQI has shown to be very effective in reducing the time and effort spent on investigating water quality while obtaining precise findings and information at the lowest possible expense. Calibration and validation of the developed model showed that this model had a perfect estimate of the WQI value. Due to its flexibility and impartiality, this study recommends using the proposed model to estimate and predict the WQI in the study area. Originality/value Even though the water quality of the SAAR has been the subject of numerous studies, this is the only long-term investigation that has been done to evaluate and predict its water quality.
This study explores English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' perceptions of the ecological factors influencing students' use of informal digital learning of English (IDLE). 26 EFL teachers ...participated in semi-structured interviews and complete a narrative frame. The results of conventional content analysis yielded four categories: macro-system factors (e.g., technological development, educational systems, and English status), micro-system factors (e.g., school and family), chrono-system factors (e.g., current EFL learners’ digital experiences) and personal factors (e.g., age, personality traits, digital literacy, awareness and attitude, and prior experiences with technology). The implications of the findings are discussed for stakeholders in EFL education.
•The study explored EFL teachers' views on ecological factors affecting students' IDLE.•The data analysis revealed macro-system, micro-system, and personal factors as key influences.•The findings can inform stakeholders on how to implement IDLE in EFL contexts effectively.
We describe an ecological approach to understanding the developing brain, with a focus on the effects of poverty-related adversity on brain function. We articulate how combining multilevel ecological ...models from developmental science and developmental psychopathology with human neuroscience can inform our approach to understanding the developmental neuroscience of risk and resilience. To illustrate this approach, we focus on associations between poverty and brain function, the roles parents and neighborhoods play in this context, and the potential impact of developmental timing. We also describe the major challenges and needed advances in these areas of research to better understand how and why poverty-related adversity may impact the developing brain, including the need for: a population neuroscience approach with greater attention to sampling and representation, genetically informed and causal designs, advances in assessing context and brain function, caution in interpretation of effects, and a focus on resilience. Work in this area has major implications for policy and prevention, which are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
Millions of youth grow up in poverty and are exposed to an unequal share of adversity which impacts brain and behavior development. An ecological approach to developmental neuroscience can help to articulate the active ingredients associated with poverty that impact brain development. Better understanding how and why various adversities, including harsh parenting and neighborhood poverty, impact brain development can inform policies to prevent negative outcomes.
The selection pressures that drove dramatic encephalisation processes through the mammal lineage remain elusive, as does knowledge of brain structure reorganisation through this process. In ...particular, considerable structural brain changes are present across the primate lineage, culminating in the complex human brain that allows for unique behaviours such as language and sophisticated tool use. To understand this evolution, a diverse sample set of humans' closest relatives with varying socio‐ecologies is needed. However, current brain banks predominantly curate brains from primates that died in zoological gardens. We try to address this gap by establishing a field pipeline mitigating the challenges associated with brain extractions of wild primates in their natural habitat.
The success of our approach is demonstrated by our ability to acquire a novel brain sample of deceased primates with highly variable socio‐ecological exposure and a particular focus on wild chimpanzees. Methods in acquiring brain tissue from wild settings are comprehensively explained, highlighting the feasibility of conducting brain extraction procedures under strict biosafety measures by trained veterinarians in field sites.
Brains are assessed at a fine‐structural level via high‐resolution MRI and state‐of‐the‐art histology. Analyses confirm that excellent tissue quality of primate brains sourced in the field can be achieved with a comparable tissue quality of brains acquired from zoo‐living primates.
Our field methods are noninvasive, here defined as not harming living animals, and may be applied to other mammal systems than primates. In sum, the field protocol and methodological pipeline validated here pose a major advance for assessing the influence of socio‐ecology on medium to large mammal brains, at both macro‐ and microstructural levels as well as aiding with the functional annotation of brain regions and neuronal pathways via specific behaviour assessments.
Aims
To examine the moderating effects of individual, family, and social factors on the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes towards school bullying.
Design
A ...cross‐sectional study.
Methods
A total of 473 middle and high school students participated in a self‐reported survey between August and October 2016. Self‐reported questionnaires were used to measure perceived aggression, resilience, parental violence experience, parenting styles, satisfaction with school life, teacher attitudes towards school bullying, media violence exposure, and adolescent attitudes towards school bullying. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results
Resilience (an individual factor; β = −0.48, p = .049) and parenting styles (a family factor; β = −0.77, p = .045) moderated the negative influence of media violence exposure on adolescent attitudes towards school bullying. The findings indicated that higher individual resilience and parents with more positive parenting styles could reduce the harmful effects of media violence exposure on adolescent attitudes towards school bullying. The teachers’ attitudes towards school bullying (a school factor) contributed to predicting the adolescents’ attitudes towards school bullying. However, no moderating effect of school factors was found.
Conclusion
Resilience and parenting styles are important socio‐ecological factors influencing the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes towards school bullying.
Impact
Three types of intervention programmes can be suggested based on the results of this study. Reinforcing individual resilience and positive parenting styles should be considered important in developing intervention programmes targeted at eliminating the adverse effects of media violence exposure. Intervention programmes to develop parenting styles to increase the resilience of adolescents can also be considered. Lastly, programmes to screen for adverse outcomes of media violence exposure, low resilience, and poor parenting styles need to be developed.
摘要
目标
研究个人、家庭和社会因素对青少年对于媒体暴力曝露与学校欺凌态度关系的调节作用。
设计
横断面分析研究。
方法
共有473名初中生和高中生参加了2016年8月至10月的自述调查。自述问卷被用来测量感知的攻击性、顺应力、父母暴力经历、父母教养方式、对学校生活的满意度、教师对学校欺凌的态度、媒体暴力的曝露以及青少年对学校欺凌的态度。采用描述性统计和分层多元回归分析数据。
结果
顺应力(个体因素;β=‐0.48,p=0.049)和父母教养方式(家庭因素;β=‐0.77,p=0.045)缓和了媒体暴力的曝露对青少年对待学校欺凌态度的负面影响。研究发现表明,个人顺应力越高和父母更积极的教养方式可以减少媒体暴力的曝露对青少年对于学校欺凌态度的有害影响。教师对学校欺凌的态度(学校因素)有助于预测青少年对学校欺凌的态度。不过,学校因素并不能起到调节作用。
结论
适应力和教养方式是影响青少年对媒体暴力曝露与学校欺凌态度之间关系的重要社会生态因素。
影响
根据本研究的结果,可以提出三类干预方案。在制定旨在消除媒体暴力曝露的不利影响的干预方案时,应考虑加强个人顺应力和积极的教养方式。还可以考虑制定发展父母教养方式的干预方案,以提高青少年的顺应力。最后,需要制定各种方案,以去除媒体暴力曝露的不良后果、低顺应力和不良的教养方式。
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