There are topics of development achievement motivation among students and learning activity efficiency improvement in elective subjects like physical culture and sport under consideration in this ...article. The efficiency improvement in elective subjects like physical culture and sport is always of much interest to experts (education, medicine, sociology etc.). Achievement motivation search as a major point of efficiency appears especially relevant. The topics of development achievement motivation have been considered, and the issues prevented to achieve success and reduce the motivation during physical culture and sport subjects have been defined.
Based on the panel data of different cities in Henan Province from 2010 to 2016, DEA model with variable scale compensation and Malmquist index model are used to measure environmental efficiency from ...static and dynamic perspectives. The results show that the overall environmental efficiency of Henan Province is at a high level, the technical efficiency is slightly improved, the allocation of input factors tends to be reasonable; the environmental efficiency is rising in dynamic change, among which the influence of technological progress on the environmental efficiency of Henan Province is more critical.
In conditions of limited time, which is dictated by the modern rhythm of life, digital technologies are becoming one of the main tools for optimization and rationalization of all spheres of human ...activity. The use of modern digital technologies in the customs system is primarily aimed at increasing the efficiency of its activities. Properties such as quality, speed, transparency, generated with the help of information customs technologies, create prerequisites for stimulating Russia’s foreign economic activity and developing the national economy. However, at present, the Federal Customs Service has a number of problems that impede the development of digitalization of customs activities, due to external and internal factors, as well as contradictions in some of the tasks facing the customs authorities. Therefore, the task of analyzing the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the activities of customs authorities becomes urgent.
The authors of the article proposed a methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the activities of customs authorities, which is based on assessing the quality of electronic customs services.
This brief presents an auto-reconfigurable load-dependable ac-dc regulator for wirelessly powered biomedical implants. In wireless power transmission, the peak link efficiency that typically limits ...the overall system efficiency only occurs at a certain nominal load for a given link design. The proposed reconfigurable ac-dc regulator can automatically switch between doubler and quadrupler rectifier topologies to provide dynamic input impedance matching to the link as the average load current of the regulator varies during system operation, thereby maintaining high-link efficiency over a wide load range. A low-power load modulation signal generator is also developed for closed-loop wireless power control. Implemented in a standard 0.35-Formula Omitted CMOS process, the proposed rectifier and ac-dc regulator achieve peak power conversion efficiencies of 92.7% and 88.5%, respectively, while operating at 1 MHz. The proposed autoreconfiguration capability of the regulator further provides the link efficiency enhancement of 28% across the wide load power range from 1 to 20 mW.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring preferential horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) are in urgent demand for enhanced optical outcoupling efficiency in ...organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, simultaneously manipulating EDO and optoelectronic properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, an extended linear D–A–D structure with both enlarged donor (D) and acceptor (A) π‐systems is established, not only elaborately manipulating parallel horizontal molecular orientation and EDO along its long axis by multi‐driving‐forces for a high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ//), but also delocalizing distribution of frontier energy levels for optimized electronic properties. The proof‐of‐the‐concept emitter simultaneously affords a high Θ// of 92%, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95%, and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of 1.16 × 106 s‐1. The corresponding OLED achieves a champion maximum external quantum efficiency of 39.1% among all green TADF devices without any external light‐extraction techniques, together with a maximum power efficiency of 112.0 lm W‐1 and alleviated efficiency roll‐off. These findings may inspire even better full‐color TADF emitters that push the device efficiency toward the theoretical limits.
A green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter with an extended π‐system of linear donor (D)–acceptor (A)–donor (D) structure is established to simultaneously obtain a horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 92%, a reverse intersystem crossing rate of 1.16 × 106 s–1 and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 95%, together affording a champion maximum external quantum efficiency of 39.1%.
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising for the realization of highly efficient light emitters. However, such devices ...have so far suffered from efficiency roll-off at high luminance. Here, we report the design and synthesis of two diboron-based molecules, CzDBA and tBuCzDBA, which show excellent TADF properties and yield efficient OLEDs with very low efficiency roll-off. These donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type and rod-like compounds concurrently generate TADF with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ~100% and an 84% horizontal dipole ratio in the thin film. A green OLED based on CzDBA exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 37.8 ± 0.6%, a current efficiency of 139.6 ± 2.8 cd A−1 and a power efficiency of 121.6 ± 3.1 lm W−1 with an efficiency roll-off of only 0.3% at 1,000 cd m−2. The device has a peak emission wavelength of 528 nm and colour coordinates of the Commission International de l´Eclairage (CIE) of (0.31, 0.61), making it attractive for colour-display applications.
This contribution defines a new generalized input efficiency measure which encompasses and thus links four well-known input efficiency measures: the Debreu-Farrell measure, the Färe-Lovell measure, ...the asymmetric Färe measure, and the multiplicative Färe-Lovell measure. The axiomatic properties of this new measure are studied. The generalized input efficiency measure naturally leads to the definition of new measures as special cases. It also provides a general framework for testing the choice of efficiency measures. Examples of mathematical programming models in specific cases are established to illustrate this new measure.
Artigo que visa analisar o tema da aplicaçao do Principio da Eficiencia Administrativa em matéria tributaria, partindo das tratativas da doutrina do Direito Tributario sobre a matéria para delinear, ...num esforço analítico, suas diversas dimensöes, em relaçao aos sujeitos envolvidos, ao seu escopo e ao seu critério de mediçao. Trata-se de tema pouco estudado pela doutrina especializada, razao pela qual considera-se relevante o presente estudo. Conclui que se pode falar do valor eficiencia no campo tributario sob diferentes enfoques, seja em relaçao ao sujeito e a seu objeto, sendo que parcela da doutrina compreende-o como um principio instrumental, que serve ao atendimento de outros principios jurídicos, enquanto que outros entendem existir vinculaçao a uma finalidade específica, como, por exemplo, alcançar o bem comum.
Implementing the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation involves various regional policy measures and requires choosing the most appropriate tools. The issue gains importance in ...case of combining the search for additional sources of growth with an integrated system for assessing the efficiency of the existing measures. Admittedly, such system in the Russian Federation is still in its formation. Therefore, in order to implement public policy, it is crucial to critically analyse the most significant aspects of the methodology for assessing the efficiency. The concept of «efficiency», apart from efficiency itself, includes he performance, impact, and usability of the tool. The assessment of the efficiency varies in different countries, as it is not a single practice that can be applied regardless of geographical and historical context. The paper substantiates the idea that the assessment of the efficienc y includes th e examinatio n o f social , cultura l an d politica l elements . The assessment is a flexi ble management tool, not just an instrument demonstrating the reduction of regional differences. Drawing on the principles of spatial hierarchy, the paper suggests assessing the efficiency of regional policy tools at the macro-, meso- and micro-regional levels. The assessment focuses on solving four large classes of applied problems: provision of public goods, forms of the spatial organisation of the economy, implementation of regional and macro-regional programs, and the development of large projects. The characteristics of the assessment of the efficiency depend on the choice of either endogenous or exogenous growth theory. Additionally, the assessment of the efficiency of a variety of programs (multi-criteria evaluation) specifically differs from the assessment of individual programs of spatial development. It is advisable to consider the practice of assessment in a broader context, not just as a task of financial and management control. The research findings can be used for creating an integrated system that provides feedback, organises the consequences of regional policies and the effects of achieving national development goals.
Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy starts to give an appreciable contribution to power generation in many countries, with more than 90% of the global PV market relying on solar cells based ...on crystalline silicon (c-Si). The current efficiency record of c-Si solar cells is 26.7%, against an intrinsic limit of ~29%. Current research and production trends aim at increasing the efficiency, and reducing the cost, of industrial modules. In this paper, we review the main concepts and theoretical approaches that allow calculating the efficiency limits of c-Si solar cells as a function of silicon thickness. For a given material quality, the optimal thickness is determined by a trade-off between the competing needs of high optical absorption (requiring a thicker absorbing layer) and of efficient carrier collection (best achieved by a thin silicon layer). The efficiency limits can be calculated by solving the transport equations in the assumption of optimal (Lambertian) light trapping, which can be achieved by inserting proper photonic structures in the solar cell architecture. The effects of extrinsic (bulk and surface) recombinations on the conversion efficiency are discussed. We also show how the main conclusions and trends can be described using relatively simple analytic models. Prospects for overcoming the 29% limit by means of silicon/perovskite tandems are briefly discussed.
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