Zn anodes suffer from poor Coulombic efficiency (CE) and serious dendrite formation due to the unstable anode/electrolyte interface (AEI). The electrical double layer (EDL) structure formed before ...cycling is of great significance for building stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn surface but barely discussed in previous research about the stabilization of Zn anode. Herein, saccharin (Sac) is introduced as electrolyte additive for regulating the EDL structure on the AEI. It is found that Sac derived anions are preferentially adsorbed on the Zn metal surface instead of water dipole, creating a new H2O‐poor EDL structure. Moreover, the unique SEI is also detected on the Zn surface due to the decomposition of Sac anions. Both are proved to be capable of modulating Zn deposition behavior and preventing side reactions. Encouragingly, Zn|Zn symmetric cells using Sac additive deliver a high cumulative plated capacity of 2.75 Ah cm−2 and a high average CE of 99.6% under harsh test condition (10 mA cm−2, 10 mAh cm−2). The excellent stability is also achieved at a high rate of 40 mA cm−2. The effectiveness of this Sac additive is further demonstrated in the Zn‐MnO2 full cells.
Saccharin is introduced as an electrolyte additive for building a H2O‐poor electrical double layer (EDL) structure near the Zn metal surface. With the presence of this unique EDL structure, Zn symmetric cells display a high cumulative plating capacity of 2.75 Ah cm−2 and a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6% under harsh test conditions (10 mA cm−2, 10 mAh cm−2).
Among various desalination technologies, capacitive deionization (CDI) has rapidly developed because of its low energy consumption and environmental compatibility, among other factors. Traditional ...CDI stores ions within the electric double layers (EDLs) in the nanopores of the carbon electrode, but carbon anode oxidation, the co-ion expulsion effect, and a low salt adsorption capacity (SAC) block its further application. Herein, the Faradaic-based electrode is proposed to overcome the above limitations, offering an ultrahigh adsorption capacity and a rapid removal rate. In this paper, the open framework structure Na
V
(PO
)
@C is applied for the first time as a novel Faradaic electrode in the hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system. During the adsorption and desorption process, sodium ions are intercalated/deintercalated through the crystal structure of Na
V
(PO
)
@C while chloride ions are physically trapped or released by the AC electrode. Different concentrations of feedwater are investigated, and a high SAC of 137.20 mg NaCl g
NVP@C and low energy consumption of 2.157 kg-NaCl kWh
are observed at a constant voltage of 1.0 V, a concentration of 100 mM, and a flow rate of 15 mL min
. The outstanding performance of the Na
V
(PO
)
@C Faradaic electrode demonstrates that it is a promising material for desalination and that HCDI offers great future potential.
Iontronics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary concept which bridges electronics and ionics, covering electrochemistry, solid‐state physics, electronic engineering, and biological sciences. The ...recent developments of electronic devices are highlighted, based on electric double layers formed at the interface between ionic conductors (but electronically insulators) and various electronic conductors including organics and inorganics (oxides, chalcogenide, and carbon‐based materials). Particular attention is devoted to electric‐double‐layer transistors (EDLTs), which are producing a significant impact, particularly in electrical control of phase transitions, including superconductivity, which has been difficult or impossible in conventional all‐solid‐state electronic devices. Besides that, the current state of the art and the future challenges of iontronics are also reviewed for many applications, including flexible electronics, healthcare‐related devices, and energy harvesting.
Iontronics bridges the two worlds of electronics and ionics at the interface of electronic conductors and ionic conductors. Recent progress in this emerging field is highlighted from both the fundamental material science aspects and application perspectives. This includes the discovery of new physics and of the emerging functionality of ion‐controlled electronics for thermoelectrics, neuromorphic devices, and flexible electronics.
We have investigated the role of viscoelectric effect on diffusioosmotic flow (DOF) through a nanochannel connected with two reservoirs. The transport equations governing the flow dynamics are solved ...numerically using the finite element technique. We have extensively analyzed the variation of induced field due to electric double layer (EDL) phenomenon, relative viscosity as modulated by the viscoelectric effect as well as reservoir's concentration difference, and their eventual impact on the underlying flow characteristics. It is revealed that the induced electric field in the EDL enhances fluid viscosity substantially near the charged wall at a higher concentration. We have shown that neglecting viscoelectric effect in the paradigm of diffusioosmotic transport overestimates the net throughput, particularly at a higher concentration difference. Furthermore, we show that pertaining to chemiosmosis dominated regime, the average flow velocity modifies with the increase in concentration difference up to a critical value. In comparison, the rise in the strength of resistive electroosmotic actuation by the accumulation of anions in the upstream reservoir reduces the average flow velocity at a higher concentration difference. We have reported a reduction in critical concentration with the increase in viscoelectric effect. The inferences of this analysis are deemed pertinent to reveal the bearing of viscoelectric effect as a flow control mechanism pertaining to DOF at nanoscale.
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•BiOI/β-Bi2O3 obtains excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability.•We unveil the transition dipole moment in BiOI/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction.•Photogenerated electrons are confined ...in β-Bi2O3 component of BiOI/β-Bi2O3.•BiOI/β-Bi2O3 can provide proper ΔGH* in hydrogen evolution process.•BiOI/β-Bi2O3/H2O interface can lead to a proper electric double layer structure.
In the realm of photocatalysis, understanding the interface issues (solid/solid and solid/liquid) inherent in heterojunction at the atomic level is the ultimate for engineering an efficient photocatalyst. Herein, an electrophoretic deposition technique is adopted to synthesize BiOI/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction, exhibiting superior photocatalytic activity and stability in H2 evolution (91.5 μmol g–1 h−1) and H2O2 production (11.3 mg L–1 h−1). Combined with the experimental and computational results, a lower free energy of hydrogen evolution reaction (252.4 meV) has been observed contrast to BiOI and β-Bi2O3 samples. A carrier transfer process of like S-scheme heterojunction is proposed based on density of states (DOS) and carrier distribution calculations. The theoretical calculations illustrate the transition dipole moment, migration and accumulation of carrier in BiOI/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction. Subsequent ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) results of solid/liquid interface systems (BiOI/β-Bi2O3/H2O and β-Bi2O3/H2O) unravel the interface H2O (solvent) behaviors. The local aggregation of photo-generated electrons in BiOI/β-Bi2O3/H2O leads to a large potential drop, high proton migration rate and the steady electric double layer (EDL) structure compared to the β-Bi2O3/H2O, which facilitates the occurrence of photocatalytic reactions in solution. In addition to offering new insights into the hydrogen evolution and proton transfer in the EDL model and the association between the heterojunction effect and EDL structure, this work also introduces a novel design strategy for Bi-based heterojunctions.
A coaxial electric double‐layer capacitor fiber is developed from the aligned carbon nanotube fiber and sheet, which functions as two electrodes with a polymer gel sandwiched between them. The unique ...coaxial structure enables a rapid transportation of ions between the two electrodes with a high electrochemical performance. These energy storage fibers are also flexible and stretchable, and can be woven into and widely used for electronic textiles.
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