More than 40 percent of the world’s population has access to the internet, with new users coming online every day. Among the poorest 20 percent of households, nearly 7 out of 10 have a mobile phone. ...This report finds that traditional development challenges are preventing the digital revolution from fulfilling its transformative potential. For many people, today’s increase in access to digital technologies brings more choice and greater convenience. While this is great progress, many are still left out because they do not have access to digital technologies. To deliver universal digital access, one must invest in infrastructure and pursue reforms that bring greater competition to telecommunications markets, promote public-private partnerships, and yield effective regulation. The report concludes that the full benefits of the information and communications transformation will not be realized unless countries continue to improve their business climate, invest in people’s education and health, and promote good governance. The World Bank Group are already working with clients to promote competitive business environments, increase accountability, and upgrade education and skills-development systems to prepare people for the jobs of the future.
The need for advanced thermal management materials in electronic packaging has been widely recognized as thermal challenges become barriers to the electronic industry's ability to provide continued ...improvements in device and system performance. With increased performance requirements for smaller, more capable, and more efficient electronic power devices, systems ranging from active electronically scanned radar arrays to web servers all require components that can dissipate heat efficiently. This requires that the materials have high capability of dissipating heat and maintaining compatibility with the die and electronic packaging. In response to critical needs, there have been revolutionary advances in thermal management materials and technologies for active and passive cooling that promise integrable and cost-effective thermal management solutions. This book meets the need for a comprehensive approach to advanced thermal management in electronic packaging, with coverage of the fundamentals of heat transfer, component design guidelines, materials selection and assessment, air, liquid, and thermoelectric cooling, characterization techniques and methodology, processing and manufacturing technology, balance between cost and performance, and application niches. The final chapter presents a roadmap and future perspective on developments in advanced thermal management materials for electronic packaging.
Law on Display Feigenson, Neal; Spiesel, Christina
10/2009, Volume:
3
eBook
Experience the multimedia and view the links featured in the book at lawondisplay.comVisual and multimedia digital technologies are transforming the practice of law: how lawyers construct and argue ...their cases, present evidence to juries, and communicate with each other. They are also changing how law is disseminated throughout and used by the general public. What are these technologies, how are they used and perceived in the courtroom and in wider culture, and how do they affect legal decision making?In this comprehensive survey and analysis of how new visual technologies are transforming both the practice and culture of American law, Neal Feigenson and Christina Spiesel explain how, when, and why legal practice moved from a largely words-only environment to one more dependent on and driven by images, and how rapidly developing technologies have further accelerated this change. They discuss older visual technologies, such as videotape evidence, and then current and future uses of visual and multimedia digital technologies, including trial presentation software and interactive multimedia. They also describe how law itself is going online, in the form of virtual courts, cyberjuries, and more, and explore the implications of law's movement to computer screens. Throughout Law on Display, the authors illustrate their analysis with examples from a wide range of actual trials.
Advice from the expertson collecting and managing the digital resources that are an increasingly vital part of librarianship!
Managing Digital Resources in Libraries is a practical guide to managing ...library materials in digital formats. Working librarians share their expertise in the acquisition and management of digital resources, addressing questions of licensing, funding, and providing access. The contributors also examine innovative projects and systems, such as the integration of PDA-accessible resources into a library collection and the development of all-digital libraries. You'll also find supplementary reading lists and bibliographies of additional resources, including relevant Web sites.
Addressing the challenges of and barriers to the preservation and dissemination of electronic information, Managing Digital Resources in Libraries explores vital questions, such as:
How are librarians coping with digital resources?
How do they compare and select titles and formats to purchase?
How do they allocate limited fundsto lease or to purchase high-priced electronic titles?
Does consortium membership provide the answer to funding problems, or does it force librarians to pay for content their users neither want nor need?
Is MARC still an appropriate format for cataloging?
How can librarians make themselves familiar with the multitude of available resources? Managing Digital Resources in Libraries will update your working knowledge of:
online resources
open archivestheir uses and their history
the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the First Sale Doctrine, and the Fair Use Doctrineand their implications for librarians
e-journal cataloging and e-journal management software
electronic collection development and management
personal digital assistants
digital licensing agreements
electronic searching systems, including ELIN@, Electronic Journal Finder, Pirate Source, OPAC, and cold fusion databases
Introduction: Managing Digital Resources (Audrey Fenner)
LICENSING
The Impact of Licenses on Library Collections (Min Chou and Oliver Zhou)
Travels into Several Remote Corners of the Information Universe: A Voyage to the
Department of the Houyhnhnmists, or, Licensing Issues and the Integrated Collection (Timothy Shipe)
OPINIONS, RESEARCH, AND ANALYSIS
Harvesting for Disseminating: Open Archives and the Role of Academic Libraries (Eugenio Pelizzari)
The Electronic Librarian: Inching Towards the Revolution (Emerita M. Cuesta)
The Method Behind the Madness: Acquiring Online Journals and a Solution to Provide Access (Donna Skekel)
SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE
Choices in Cataloging Electronic Journals (Cecilia A. Leathem)
ELIN@: Electronic Library Information NavigatorTowards the One Stop Shop (Anna Alwerud and Lotte Jorgensen)
Western Michigan University Libraries' Electronic Journal Finder (Randle Gedeon and George Boston)
Integrating Print and Electronic Resources: Joyner Library's Pirate Source (Clark Nall and Janice Steed Lewis)
Electronic Journals in Aggregated Collections: Providing Access Through the Catalog and a Cold Fusion Database (Sue Anderson)
SPECIAL PROJECTS AND HISTORIES
Just Another Format: Integrating Resources for Users of Personal Digital Assistants (Denise Koufogiannakis, Pam Ryan, and Susan Dahl)
Issues in the Development of an All-Digital Public Health Library in Michigan: The Michigan Community Health Electronic Library (Harvey R. Brenneise)
Electronic Collection Management: Completing the CycleExperiences at Two
Libraries (Judith Hiott and Carla Beasley)
Index
Reference Notes Included
Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms provides a systematic introduction to all major nature-inspired algorithms for optimization. The book's unified approach, balancing algorithm introduction, ...theoretical background and practical implementation, complements extensive literature with well-chosen case studies to illustrate how these algorithms work. Topics include particle swarm optimization, ant and bee algorithms, simulated annealing, cuckoo search, firefly algorithm, bat algorithm, flower algorithm, harmony search, algorithm analysis, constraint handling, hybrid methods, parameter tuning and control, as well as multi-objective optimization. This book can serve as an introductory book for graduates, doctoral students and lecturers in computer science, engineering and natural sciences. It can also serve a source of inspiration for new applications. Researchers and engineers as well as experienced experts will also find it a handy reference. Discusses and summarizes the latest developments in nature-inspired algorithms with comprehensive, timely literature Provides a theoretical understanding as well as practical implementation hints Provides a step-by-step introduction to each algorithm.
Dr. Vladislav Vashchenko received MS, Engineer-Physicist (1986) followed by "Ph.D. in Physics of Semiconductors" (1990) from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology for the study of ...self-organization phenomena in semiconductor structures under breakdown. Since 1984 he was working in reliability department of State Research Institute "Pulsar" (Moscow) occupying positions from the student intern to head of laboratory. In 1997 he was awarded the "Doctor of Science in Microelectronics" degree for the cycle of studies and new solutions of the reliability problems in power GaAs MESFET`s, microwave silicon devices and the developed test methods. In the period 1995-1997 he managed the work on contracts for high reliability components for Russian Space Agency, commercial and military customers. In 2000 he joined Advanced Process Development Group in National Semiconductor Corp. to work on design of the ESD protection solutions for analog products. Currently he is leader and manager of RD group responsible for ESD development for new processes and products. His current research interests are mainly focused on the power devices, device level reliability, ESD solutions, physical process and device simulation for ESD. His studies are widely presented in major device research forums. He author of 108 U.S. patents and over 80 research and review papers in the fields of reliability and ESD.
This work presents a systematic study toward the design and first demonstration of high-performance n-type monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field effect transistors (FET) by selecting the contact ...metal based on understanding the physics of contact between metal and monolayer WSe2. Device measurements supported by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the d-orbitals of the contact metal play a key role in forming low resistance ohmic contacts with monolayer WSe2. On the basis of this understanding, indium (In) leads to small ohmic contact resistance with WSe2 and consequently, back-gated In–WSe2 FETs attained a record ON-current of 210 μA/μm, which is the highest value achieved in any monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide- (TMD) based FET to date. An electron mobility of 142 cm2/V·s (with an ON/OFF current ratio exceeding 106) is also achieved with In–WSe2 FETs at room temperature. This is the highest electron mobility reported for any back gated monolayer TMD material till date. The performance of n-type monolayer WSe2 FET was further improved by Al2O3 deposition on top of WSe2 to suppress the Coulomb scattering. Under the high-κ dielectric environment, electron mobility of Ag–WSe2 FET reached ∼202 cm2/V·s with an ON/OFF ratio of over 106 and a high ON-current of 205 μA/μm. In tandem with a recent report of p-type monolayer WSe2 FET ( Fang H et al. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, (7), 3788−3792 ), this demonstration of a high-performance n-type monolayer WSe2 FET corroborates the superb potential of WSe2 for complementary digital logic applications.
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