Microbial reduction and immobilization of chromate (Cr(VI)) is a plausible bioremediation strategy. However, higher Cr(VI) concentrations may impose stress on native Cr-reducing communities. We ...sought to determine if Cr(VI) would influence the lactate enriched native microbial community structure and function in groundwater from the Cr contaminated site at Hanford, WA. Steady state continuous flow bioreactors were amended with lactate and Cr(VI) (0.0, 0.1 and 3.0 mg/L). Microbial growth, metabolites, Cr(VI) concentrations, 16S rRNA gene sequences and GeoChip based functional gene composition in bioreactors were monitored for 15 weeks. Temporal trends and some differences in growth, metabolite profiles, and community composition were observed, largely between Low-Cr and High-Cr bioreactors. In both High-Cr and Low-Cr bioreactors, Cr(VI) was reduced in the bioreactors. With lactate enrichment, the native communities did not significantly differ between Cr concentrations. Native bacterial communities were diverse, whereas after lactate enrichment, Pelosinus spp., and Sporotalea spp., were the most predominant groups in all bioreactors. Similarly, the Archaea diversity significantly decreased from Methanosaeta (35%), Methanosarcina (17%), Halobacteriales (12%), Methanoregula (8%) and others, to mostly Methanosarcina spp. (95%) after lactate enrichment. Composition of several key functional genes was distinct in Low-Cr bioreactors compared to High-Cr. Among the Cr resistant probes (chrA), Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Comamonas testosterone and Ralstonia pickettii proliferated in Cr amended bioreactors. In-situ fermentative conditions facilitated Cr(VI) reduction, and as a result the 3.0 mg/L Cr(VI) did not appear to give chromate reducing strains a competitive advantage for proliferation or for increasing Cr-reduction.
In this 2013 winner of the prestigious R.R. Hawkins Award from the Association of American Publishers, as well as the 2013 PROSE Awards for Mathematics and Best in Physical Sciences & Mathematics, ...also from the AAP, readers will find many of the most significant contributions from the four-volume set of the Collected Works of A. M. Turing. These contributions, together with commentaries from current experts in a wide spectrum of fields and backgrounds, provide insight on the significance and contemporary impact ofAlan Turing's work. Offering a more modern perspective than anything currently available, Alan Turing: His Work and Impact gives wide coverage of the many ways in which Turing's scientific endeavors have impacted current research and understanding of the world. His pivotal writings on subjects including computing, artificial intelligence, cryptography, morphogenesis, and more display continued relevance and insight into today's scientific and technological landscape. This collection provides a great service to researchers, but is also an approachable entry point for readers with limited training in the science, but an urge to learn more about the details of Turing's work. * 2013 winner of the prestigious R.R. Hawkins Award from the Association of American Publishers, as well as the 2013 PROSE Awards for Mathematics and Best in Physical Sciences & Mathematics, also from the AAP * Named a 2013 Notable Computer Book in Computing Milieux by Computing Reviews * Affordable, key collection of the most significant papers by A.M. Turing * Commentary explaining the significance of each seminal paper by preeminent leaders in the field * Additional resources available online
Staphylococcus aureus, a common human pathogen, has long been the focus of scientific investigation due to its association with various infections. However, recent research has unveiled a tantalizing ...enigma surrounding this bacterium and its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. Chronic S. aureus infections have been linked to an elevated risk of certain cancers, including skin cancer and oral cancer. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding this connection, examining epidemiological evidence, pathogenic mechanisms, and biological interactions that suggest a correlation. Although initial studies point to a possible link, the precise mechanisms through which S. aureus may contribute to cancer development remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that the chronic inflammation induced by persistent S. aureus infections may create a tumor-promoting environment. This inflammation can lead to DNA damage, disrupt cellular signaling pathways, and generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment conducive to cancer progression. Additionally, S. aureus produces a variety of toxins and metabolites that can directly interact with host cells, potentially inducing oncogenic transformations. Despite these insights, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the exact biological processes involved. This review emphasizes the urgent need for more comprehensive research to clarify these microbiological mysteries. Understanding the role of S. aureus in cancer development could lead to novel strategies for cancer prevention and treatment, potentially transforming therapeutic approaches.
•Chronic S. aureus infections are associated with increased cancer risk.•S. aureus produces toxins that may induce cancerous changes.•Chronic inflammation from S. aureus infections can promote tumor growth.•Understanding S. aureus's role in cancer could lead to new treatment strategies.•Further studies are essential to understand S. aureus's role in cancer.
Enigma Balme, David; Hore, Peter
2017, 2017-10-02, Volume:
3
eBook
David Balme will be forever known as the 20-year-old hero who boarded a German U-boat in mid-Atlantic and captured one of the greatest secrets of the Second World War. This capture - or 'pinch' as it ...was known within secret, inner circles - changed the course of the Battle of the Atlantic and shortened the war itself. The story of the capture and ransack of U-110 is told for the first time in the words and letters of David Balme, his captain Joe Baker Cresswell, George Dodds and others who took part in the most important submarine capture of the whole war.
A crise do mundo contemporâneo pode ser interpretada em grande medida como uma crise da palavra. Levinas afirma que fazemos parte de uma civilização de afásicos, dominada por um silêncio ...desconcertante e desumanizante. Para ele, sem a palavra que vem de uma alteridade radical, o pensamento seria apenas um acúmulo de informações, sem nenhuma orientação. Tampouco conseguiríamos manter viva a busca da verdade, que é animada pelo desejo do outro. Argumentamos no sentido de mostrar que a palavra tem uma dupla função: a) ensinar-nos o significado da orientação a objetos (luta para evitar mal-entendidos e obscuridades, ou, simplesmente, entrada no espaço das razões); b) significar por contraste ao fenômeno, ou seja, a palavra é um enigma, ela vai além da objetivação. Eis o sentido que nos permite pensar “mais” do que somos capazes de visar. Eis a condição para uma permanente e imprevisível renovação da vida cultural.
A crise do mundo contemporâneo pode ser interpretada em grande medida como uma crise da palavra. Levinas afirma que fazemos parte de uma civilização de afásicos, dominada por um silêncio ...desconcertante e desumanizante. Para ele, sem a palavra que vem de uma alteridade radical, o pensamento seria apenas um acúmulo de informações, sem nenhuma orientação. Tampouco conseguiríamos manter viva a busca da verdade, que é animada pelo desejo do outro. Argumentamos no sentido de mostrar que a palavra tem uma dupla função: a) ensinar-nos o significado da orientação a objetos (luta para evitar mal-entendidos e obscuridades, ou, simplesmente, entrada no espaço das razões); b) significar por contraste ao fenômeno, ou seja, a palavra é um enigma, ela vai além da objetivação. Eis o sentido que nos permite pensar “mais” do que somos capazes de visar. Eis a condição para uma permanente e imprevisível renovação da vida cultural.
The history of Enigma G, the counter Enigma, is presented and traced from the very beginning of the development of the small, glow-lamp Enigma machine in early 1923 until the end of the Second World ...War. The commercial customers and governmental users of the machines are introduced and covered in considerable detail. The Hungarian machine, G 110, recently found buried in Poland, and its subsequent conservation by the Bletchley Park Trust, is then analysed and explained.
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