Recreational activity has a significant impact on the Priol’khonie steppes and forest steppes, which are part of the Pribaikalskyi National Park (western coast of Lake Baikal, Russia). The aim of ...this investigation is the assessment of different landscapes’ values for the provision of ecosystems functions and services. To meet these objectives, fieldwork was conducted in the Priol’khonie steppes and forest steppes during the summer of 2013. The function of phytomass formation was considered for different land-cover types identified in the area, and the above-ground phytomass and inter-rill erosion were measured. The level of landscape degradation was estimated and draft maps of phytomass stocks and vulnerability to soil erosion of the investigated area were compiled. To show the dependence between the studied ecosystem functions and the ecosystem services provided by them, a scoring of the latter was made. It was found that characteristics of ecosystem functions varied significantly in the steppes of the Priol’khonie.
Na stepe v Priolhonju in gozdne stepe, ki so del nacionalnega parka Pribajkalskij (zahodna obala Bajkalskega jezera, Rusija) imajo pomemben vpliv rekreacijske aktivnosti. Namen raziskave je ocena različnih vrednosti krajine za zagotavljanje ekosistemskih funkcij in uslug. Izvedli smo terenske raziskave v stepi Priolhonje in gozdnih stepah poleti leta 2013. Za različne krajine smo v raziskovanem območju ocenili funkcijo nastanka fitomase in izmerili nadzemno fitomaso in erozijo med jarki. Ocenili smo stopnjo degradacije krajine in naredili karto zaloge fitomase in ranljivosti zaradi erozije tal raziskovanega območja. Da bi prikazali odvisnost med obravnavanimi ekosistemskimi funkcijami in ekosistemskimi uslugami, ki jih le-te zagotavljajo, smo slednje ovrednotili. Ugotovili smo, da se značilnosti ekosistemskih funkcij v stepi v Priolhonju značilno razlikujejo
Climate in Slovenia has changed notably over the past century. As regional temperatures have risen, a more vigorous hydrologic cycle ensued; in many places the intensity of rainstorms has become ...greater. The seasonal distributions of rainfall has changed with significant implications for patterns of vegetation growth and hence for soil erosion. Due to predicted climate change increased frequency of extreme precipitation events can be expected during the time when soil is without plant cover and exposed to the erosive forces. In addition to ample daily and several day precipitation events, water erosion occurs with heavy rainfalls that last from couple of minutes to several hours. Overview of rainfall intensity index and rainfall erosivity, calculated with adapted USLE (universal soil loss equation) method, is given for three meteorological stations in Slovenia for period 1991-2006. Analyzed locations are situated on different climate areas with noticeable different rainfall regime at western (Bilje at Nova Gorica, Rateče) and eastern (Murska Sobota) part of Slovenia.
Meritve dokazujejo, da erozija na kmetijskih zemljiščih nikakor ni zanemarljiva in je najintenzivnejša na njivskih površinah. Podnebje se je v Sloveniji že spremenilo, temperature zraka in tal naraščajo, spreminja pa se tudi vodni cikel. Opažamo sezonsko preporazdelitev padavin, daljše in intenzivnejše poletne suše, pa tudi naraščanje intenzivnosti nalivov, kar vse močno vpliva na erozijske procese. Zaradi predvidenih klimatskih sprememb lahko pričakujemo povečano pogostost in intenziteto ekstremnih padavin v času, ko so tla brez rastlinskega pokrova in izpostavljena erozivnim silam. Poleg obilnih dnevnih in večdnevnih padavin povzročajo vodno erozijo tudi nalivi, ki trajajo od nekaj minut do nekaj ur. Za tri meteorološke postaje (Bilje pri Novi Gorici, Murska Sobota in Rateče), ki so na klimatsko različnih območjih Slovenije, je za obdobje 1991-2006 podan pregled ekstremnih količin padavin v različnih časovnih intervalih, indeks intenzitete dnevnih padavin ter erozivnost padavin, izračunana po prirejeni metodi univerzalne enačbe izgube tal (USLE).
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