La atracción que la arquitectura vernácula ejerció en Le Corbusier es un hecho contrastable desde sus primeros dibujos del paisaje rural del Jura, cuando todavía era un niño, hasta los dibujos ...realizados de las casas del valle del M’Zab, previos a la presentación del Plan Obús para Argel. Su especial predilección por residir en antiguas granjas de La Chaux-de-Fonds o las anotaciones en sus cuadernos de viajes acerca del cubismo que reconocía en las humildes viviendas del sur de España son instantáneas de una experiencia mucho más profunda del arquitecto suizo con lo vernáculo. Lo vernáculo muestra continuidad en su evolución personal desde una etapa temprana de aprendizaje hasta la formación de un lenguaje arquitectónico propio, pudiendo identificar cuatro etapas con diferencias de matiz (regionalismo, apertura a nuevos lenguajes, purismo, brutalismo). El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el papel que desempeñó lo vernáculo en su pensamiento y obra desde la década de 1910 hasta sus proyectos de 1930.
The Rural Development Policy combines measures that favour the growth of the productive dimension of farms and their specialization, and measures aimed at supporting diversification paths, with the ...expansion of the productive functions performed. The evaluation of the economic and financial results of farms engaged in activities of the second type can help to calibrate the intervention between the two options. To this end, we have studied a constant sample of FADN farms in the period 2014-2016, identifying the units engaged in organic farming or other forms of qual-ity production, or engaged in direct sales or processing of their products or, again, in the management of farmhouses. We discuss the condition of financial sustainability of the farms involved in those activities by evaluating their ability to generate cash flows to offset for the depreciation of the farm production system. We used the ratio Free Cash Flow on Equity on Depreciation to compare the results of farms engaged in those activities and farms which are limited to conventional agriculture. The analy-sis of this comparison and of some structural, technical, and economic characteris-tics of the farms involved in those types of activities resulted in various considerations on their characteristics and conditions of financial sustainability. Our attention has focused above all on the financial results of farms within the sectors of Italian agricul-ture in greater financial difficulty. The main objective was, in fact, to verify whether to diversify the farm’s commitment with these activities has contributed to improving the financial sustainability in those agricultural sectors. Various considerations have arisen that can help fine-tune policies to support the types of diversification examined in this study.
Citizenship is gaining increased attention in the social sciences but has been under-utilised in rural studies. In this paper we argue that greater attention should be paid to social aspects of ...citizenship in order to understand participation in daily life and society. In doing so, emphasis needs to be placed on the rural citizen and how he or she engages with different communities across different scales. To explore these ideas we draw upon a case study of farmers living with dementia in Devon, UK. We use concepts of citizenship to explore their rights to services, the effectiveness of active citizenship policies and how the illness impacts on their life-worlds as farmers. We conclude by offering recommendations on the care of farmers with dementia and highlight the significance of citizenship to rural studies.
•A focus on citizens, rather than citizenship, opens up new directions in rural studies.•Dementia is an embodied, relational and socially-constructed illness that affects daily participation in society.•Access to care services are problematic. Many farmers ‘do not want to make a fuss’ and need to be persuaded to use them.•Formal community-based support is valuable but perceived changes in community make some farmers reluctant to engage with it.•Informal networks of care are important; many farmers prefer to engage with peers outside their locality via social media.
HOLOGRAPHIC VISIONS FOR ARCHITECTURE IN A PARK Bolognesi, C.; Vespasiani, M.; Zhang, Y.
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
01/2022, Volume:
XLIII-B4-2022
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
At present, buildings in arid and hot regions are facing severe challenges of indoor comfort improvement and carbon emission reduction, especially in rural areas. Multi-objective optimization could ...be an effective tool for tackling the aforementioned challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes a life-cycle optimization framework considering thermal comfort, which is beneficial to promoting residents’ motivation for low-carbon retrofit in arid climate regions. First, in response to the above problems, three objective functions are specified in the framework, which are global warming potential (GWP), life cycle cost (LCC), and thermal discomfort hours (TDH). To improve the optimization efficiency, this research uses Deep Neural Networks (DNN) combined with NSGA-II to construct a high-precision prediction model (meta-model for optimization) based on the energy consumption simulation database formed by the orthogonal multi-dimensional design parameters. The accuracy index of the modified model is
R
2
> 0.99, cv(RMSE) ≤ 1%, and NMBE ≤ 0.2%, which gets rid of the dilemma of low prediction accuracy of traditional machine learning models. In the scheme comparison and selection stage, the TOPSIS based on two empowerment methods is applied to meet different design tendencies, where the entropy-based method can avoid the interference of subjective preference and significantly improve the objectivity and scientific nature of decision analysis. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is conducted on the variables, which supports guidance for practitioners to carry out the low-carbon design. Finally, the multi-objective optimization analysis for a farmhouse in Turpan is taken as a case study to evaluate the performance of the framework. The results show that the framework could significantly improve the building performance, with 60.8%, 52.5%, and 14.2% reduction in GWP, LCC, and TDH, respectively.
This paper proposes a PV-PHS system designed for farmhouses to reduce electricity costs. This study uses existing irrigation systems to store surplus energy coming from PVs in the form of gravitation ...potential energy. The storage is a type of pumped hydro storage (PHS) system using a water well as the lower reservoir. A comprehensive PHS model is presented and tested with the experiment setup to accurately estimate the stored water. An energy management system (EMS) is designed to manage the stored water to reduce electricity costs without disturbing irrigation functionality. The proposed system is tested in an experimental setup to validate the performance of the system. Then the PV-PHS system is simulated in MATLAB to show the results with a high efficiency pump and turbine. The proposed PHS system reduced the operational cost of the farmhouse by 71.5%.
Summary
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of respiratory and enteric diseases in cattle and calves. BCoV infection was also evident in captive wild ruminants. Recently, water deer are ...recognized as the most common wildlife to approach farmhouses and livestock barns in Korea. Therefore, we investigated 77 nasal swab samples from non‐captive wild water deer (Hydropotes inermis) between November 2016 and September 2017 and identified three samples positive for coronavirus, indicating potential for respiratory shedding. The full genomic sequences of the water deer coronavirus were closely related to BCoV (>98%). Therefore, effective biosecurity system in bovine farms would be necessary to prevent contact between farm ruminants and free‐ranging wild water deer.
Nagayamon-gate still remains in various style mainly in rural areas. The paper aims to clarify actual conditions about successful ways to maintain Nagayamon-gate. Investigations about 23 examples in ...Tochigi Prefecture were took into practice from viewpoints of setting premises including Nagayamon-gate, uses of the very Gate, relations between farmhouse, and so on. The conclusion could be summarized as follows: 1) 3 aspects of Nagayamon-gate’s value, those are historical-cultural, symbolic, and spatial, are extracted from the analysis; 2) 23 examples of maintaining Nagayamon-gate are classified into 3 categories, each of them is considered as mainly embodying of the previous 3 values.
Thermal energy storage technology can effectively promote the clean heating policy in northern China. Therefore, phase-change heat storage heating technology has been widely studied, both ...theoretically and experimentally, but there is still a lack of engineering application research. According to the characteristics of heating load in northern rural areas, a kind of solar heating system using phase-change materials (PCMs) for heat storage is proposed. Furthermore, a farmhouse is used to demonstrate the practical engineering applications of the heating system. The heating system consists of the phase-change heat storage device (PCHSD), solar thermal panels, and a floor radiant heating terminal, which can realize the effective utilization of solar energy. Considering solar power generation capacity, heating load characteristics of farm buildings, and the local electricity price model, four potential operation modes of the heating system are established. Then, the corresponding control strategies are proposed for the four operating modes. The actual operation data of the heating system under different operating modes were collected continuously, and the application effect of the heating system was evaluated from the aspects of thermal efficiency of the device, the renewable energy efficiency, thermal comfort level, and economy. The experimental results show that: (1) The thermal efficiency of the device is mainly affected by the heating load, which can reach more than 80% during the test period; (2) the renewable energy efficiency of the system is positively correlated with the solar radiation intensity, and the maximum can reach 100% when the solar radiation is sufficient; (3) the system maintains excellent thermal comfort in all conditions, with the average and the highest thermal comfort time accounting for 80% and 100%, respectively; (4) compared with the average level of existing clean heating technology, the annual operating cost of the system is reduced by 27.3%, and the economy is significant. The results show that the system achieves effective performance during the test period.
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