Two of the largest protected areas on earth are U.S. National Monuments in the Pacific Ocean. Numerous claims have been made about the impacts of these protected areas on the fishing industry, but ...there has been no ex post empirical evaluation of their effects. We use administrative data documenting individual fishing events to evaluate the economic impact of the expansion of these two monuments on the Hawaii longline fishing fleet. Surprisingly, catch and catch-per-unit-effort are higher since the expansions began. To disentangle the causal effect of the expansions from confounding factors, we use unaffected control fisheries to perform a difference-in-differences analysis. We find that the monument expansions had little, if any, negative impacts on the fishing industry, corroborating ecological models that have predicted minimal impacts from closing large parts of the Pacific Ocean to fishing.
The fishing industry worldwide has historically been leveraged by government subsidies. In Brazil, one of the main subsidies for this sector is the Subsidy Program for the Price of Diesel Oil for ...Fishing Vessels (PSPO). According to the ordinances published in the Federal Official Journal (DOU), the transfers allocated to this policy from 1997 to 2019 exceeded USD 483 million in subsidized oil. However, the economic, social, and environmental impacts of this type of subsidy are controversial. Regarding the effects on the labor market, there is limited evidence, particularly within the national literature, and the results do not indicate any influence of the program on the number of establishments or formal jobs in the fishing sector. Moreover, there is no indication of an impact on the increase in extractive fish production. These findings support the notion that these financial resources might be used to cover inherent costs of fishing activities, ensuring artificial profitability within a relatively stable production. This occurs in a renewable natural resource that displays signs of depletion.
•Evaluation of a subsidy for fuel in Brazilian marine fishing vessels.•The subsidy to the price of oil is considered a bad subsidy.•Absence of effects of the subsidy on the dynamics of the Brazilian fishing sector.
Among North American salmon fisheries, Alaska's are unparalleled in size. Now, new research suggests that many of these fish -- critically important to the region -- start their lives in waterways ...that slice through two immense tracts of temperate rainforest. The Chugach and Tongass National Forests are among the largest forests in the US national forest system, and have long been considered extremely productive forests for Pacific salmon species. But their actual contributions to salmon populations and Alaska's fishing industry have not previously been quantified. To fill this knowledge gap, Adelaide Johnson (US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Juneau, AK) teamed up with colleagues from the Forest Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Cordova, AK) to quantify the economic value and population sizes of five salmon species -- Chinook, pink, coho, chum, and sockeye -- originating in the Tongass and Chugach forests.
This paper examines the experiences of local fishing crew in Pacific Island states who join distant water fishing vessels, drawing on Fijian fishers as a case study for our discussion. Locally ...recruited and deployed fishers often face precarious labour conditions on fishing vessels and we discuss their vulnerability using three registers of precarious work: unsafe and exploitative working conditions, wage theft, and the lack of mechanisms for compensation after exiting their work on board the vessels. The experiences of many such crew fit internationally accepted criteria for forced labour. We contest the current characterisation of forced labour on distant water fishing vessels as primarily a problem that applies to Southeast Asian migrants. In developing a greater understanding the experiences of Fijian fishing crew, we draw out how their mode of entry into distant water fishing crew work, and location as Pacific Island nationals recruited in port/ fleet states can contribute to their vulnerability to exploitation.
In order to identify training needs in food handling, the present study evaluates the theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge and attitudes of 221 food handlers working in fishing industries in ...Mar del Plata, Argentina. A written questionnaire of 45 questions was designed to collect the data on the demographic characteristics of the respondents, food contamination and bacterial growth, high-risk foods, type of hazards, personal hygiene practices, cleaning and disinfection and attitudes towards training on food safety. The results show that the food handlers have acceptable level for theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge and attitudes, with average score of 6.08 ± 2.69 (from a range of 0–10), 16.05 ± 2.19 (from a range of 0–20) and 7.28 ± 2.31 (from a range of 0–10), respectively. However, some unawareness was observed regarding to the term cross-contamination, the range of temperature that favors bacterial growth, the recognition of biological hazards, the proper duration of hand-washing and the necessary supplies in a washbasin. The majority of the participants showed a positive attitude towards the importance of training in hygiene practices. The theoretical knowledge level of the respondents showed a significant association with the level of education, the amount of training in food handling and the attitudes. The results reinforce the importance of continuing the training of food handlers by the use of teaching methodologies adapted to their level of education.
•Food safety knowledge, practices and attitudes of fishery workers were evaluated.•221 food handlers from 16 fish processing plants answered a questionnaire.•Food handlers had acceptable knowledge, practices and attitudes about food safety.•Theoretical knowledge is associated with level of education and amount of training.•Practical knowledge and attitude are not associated with demographic features.
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop biodegradable films by mixing gelatin/carboxymethylcellulose (FG/CMC) and gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (FG/PVOH) and to evaluate the effect of adding ...these polymers on the properties of fish gelatin films. The films FG/CMC and FG/PVOH were produced in the proportions 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 and characterized their physical, chemical and functional properties. The addition of CMC and PVOH improved the mechanical strength, barrier property and water solubility of gelatin films. FG/CMC films showed greater tensile strength and greater solubility than FG/PVOH. The maximum concentration of CMC promoted the highest mechanical resistance, while the highest PVOH content produced the film with the lowest solubility. The proposed mixing systems proved to be adequate to improve the properties of fish gelatin films, with potential for application in the packaging sector.
Rough and plenty Rogers, Raymond A
Rough and plenty,
2020, 2020, 2020-02-15
eBook
As a commercial fisher in Nova Scotia in the early 1990s, Raymond Rogers experienced the collapse of Canada's East Coast fishery first-hand. Afterward, while preparing to leave the province to find ...work elsewhere, Rogers noticed a lone gravestone across the road from his home in Shelburne County that commemorates the life of Donald McDonald, a crofter from the Isle of Lewis in Scotland, who "departed this life" in 1881. Rogers wondered if there might be a connection between the necessity of his own departure, and McDonald's lonely presence on the nearby Atlantic shore, linking them as members of local communities that were displaced in the name of "economic progress." In Rough and Plenty: A Memorial, Rogers explores the parallel processes of dispossession suffered by nineteenth-century Scottish crofters expelled from their ancestral lands during the Highland Clearances, and by the marginalization of coastal fishing communities in Nova Scotia. The book aims to memorialize local ways of life that were destroyed by the forces of industrial production, as well as to convey the experience of dislocation using first-hand narratives, recent and historical. The author makes the case that in a world where capital abhors all communities but itself, remembering becomes a form of advocacy that can challenge dominant structures.
Ongoing declines in production of the world's fisheries may have serious ecological and socioeconomic consequences. As a result, a number of international efforts have sought to improve management ...and prevent overexploitation, while helping to maintain biodiversity and a sustainable food supply. Although these initiatives have received broad acceptance, the extent to which corrective measures have been implemented and are effective remains largely unknown. We used a survey approach, validated with empirical data, and enquiries to over 13,000 fisheries experts (of which 1,188 responded) to assess the current effectiveness of fisheries management regimes worldwide; for each of those regimes, we also calculated the probable sustainability of reported catches to determine how management affects fisheries sustainability. Our survey shows that 7% of all coastal states undergo rigorous scientific assessment for the generation of management policies, 1.4% also have a participatory and transparent processes to convert scientific recommendations into policy, and 0.95% also provide for robust mechanisms to ensure the compliance with regulations; none is also free of the effects of excess fishing capacity, subsidies, or access to foreign fishing. A comparison of fisheries management attributes with the sustainability of reported fisheries catches indicated that the conversion of scientific advice into policy, through a participatory and transparent process, is at the core of achieving fisheries sustainability, regardless of other attributes of the fisheries. Our results illustrate the great vulnerability of the world's fisheries and the urgent need to meet well-identified guidelines for sustainable management; they also provide a baseline against which future changes can be quantified.
Fisheries and the Law in Europe Tafsir Matin Johansson; Jon A. Skinner; Jonatan Echebarria Fernández ...
2022, 20220227
eBook
Open access
Examining fisheries, Brexit, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and its consequences for the Fishing Industry in the UK and the EU, this book explores key issues within the complex topic of ...fisheries after Brexit. Assessing the new fishing relationship between the UK and the EU, which will continue to develop over the next decade, it provides an important study of the state of fisheries post-Brexit. Taking a cross-cutting economic, legal and policy approach, the book outlines the social and economic impacts of Brexit on the UK and EU fishing industries. It critically analyses the provisions relevant to fisheries in the TCA, reflects on the bilateral fishing negotiations between the EU, UK and Norway, providing inferences as to what the "new and special relationship" might be in fisheries. It then focuses on the 2020 Fisheries Act and explores internal divergences in the nations of the UK because of devolution. Taking an international approach, the work offers an exploration of cooperation in fisheries enforcement, international and regional obligations in marine conservation, and the new horizons for the UK in international fisheries organizations and arrangements now it is no longer a member of the EU. It offers an overview of expert opinion on fisheries post-Brexit, highlighting lessons learned and future developments for fisheries in a post-Brexit world. Having finally signed the Trade and Cooperation Agreement on 31 December 2020 after tense negotiations, the United Kingdom and European Union have found themselves in a new fisheries relationship. This book maps the complex social, economic, legal and policy issues of fisheries in a post-Brexit world and will be of interest to stakeholders and scholars.
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