The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of policies related to the social protection of migrant fishers. It does so by examining Thailand’s progress in promoting a legal ...framework for the social protection of fishers. The following three instruments are analysed: the Social Security Act 1990, the Workmen’s Compensation Act 1994 revised 2018 and the Labour Protection in Fishing Work Act 2019, with a focus on death and the disappearance of migrant fishers at sea. The assessment of these instruments is based on meetings and interviews with Thai employers and Thai and Myanmarese fishing employees. The paper concludes by providing recommendations to enhance the protection of migrant fishers in the Thai fishing industry.
Background
The concentration of heavy metals and their spatial distribution in surface sediments collected from the Thondi coast, Palk Bay, South India were analysed in this study. The sediment grain ...size, pH, EC, and major elements (Fe, and Al), heavy metal concentrations (Mn, Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) were determined and the values for the geoaccumulation index (
I
geo
), enrichment factor (EF), potential contamination index (
C
p
), potential ecological risk index (RI), contamination factor (CF), modified contamination degree (m
C
d
), degree of contamination (
C
d
), and potential contamination factors (
C
p
) were calculated based on their background values to determine the pollution level of the study area. Multivariate analysis such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient, principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), cluster analysis, and regression analysis are a versatile method for identifying heavy metal sources and determining the relationship between pollutants in marine sediment.
Results
The pollution indices, namely EF, CF,
C
d
, m
C
d
,
C
P
, RI, and
I
geo
, revealed that the heavy metal contamination was due to Cd, while a moderate level of contamination was caused by Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr. The principal component analysis and correlation matrix analysis showed a strong positive loading for Cd due to its high level of contamination in the study area. Anthropogenic inputs such as municipal wastewater, domestic sewage discharge, fishing harbour activities, and industrial and aquaculture wastes led to the increased Cd concentration in the study area. Moreover, the pollution load index revealed that the sediments were polluted by heavy metals.
Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed that the increased concentration of heavy metals in the study area increases the toxicity in the marine environment, thus affecting the ecosystem.
When information is limited or costly, agents are unable to engage in optimal arbitrage. Excess price dispersion across markets can arise, and goods may not be allocated efficiently. In this setting, ...information technologies may improve market performance and increase welfare. Between 1997 and 2001, mobile phone service was introduced throughout Kerala, a state in India with a large fishing industry. Using microlevel survey data, we show that the adoption of mobile phones by fishermen and wholesalers was associated with a dramatic reduction in price dispersion, the complete elimination of waste, and near-perfect adherence to the Law of One Price. Both consumer and producer welfare increased.
•Artisanal fishing involves 2 million people in Brazil in a poorly regulated setting.•Safety depends on fishermen’s knowledge, expertise and sensemaking.•Safety II perspective and FRAM improve ...understanding on how safety is created.•Enabling the development of useful, practical and applied safety measures.
Artisanal fishing with rafts is responsible for most of the Brazilian Northeastern region fishing production. Fishing is done in open sea, with very small boats in the unpredictable and often hostile maritime environment. Safety is achieved through the fishermen’s expertise to adjust their performance to cope with the demands and disturbances. Under this environment, safety should be improved by constraining the way people do things, based on traditional safety management principles or Safety I. This research describes a Safety II approach to improve raft fishing safety in a typical Brazilian beach community. Safety II main focus is on fishermen activities and strategies to construct safety during their fishing expeditions. The methods, following the action research iterative procedure, are workplace empirical studies to uncover knowledge, expertise, and artifacts that inform fishermen sensemaking and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method FRAM to model the fishing capture expeditions. Results indicated that the fishermen’s safety related trade-offs during fishing expeditions depends on their sensemaking, and to improve safety there is a need of a broader, systemic and continuous approach, involving not only objective measures and devices to inform and to support sensemaking for safer decisions, but also ways improve survival conditions of fishermen.
Throughout the western United States, researchers have started documenting a trend toward earlier runoff, lower in-stream flows, and warmer-than-average water temperatures. These ‘drought-like’ ...stream conditions often lead to negative ecological, economic, and social consequences. To gain a deeper understanding of these emerging impacts, we focused our investigation on the Yellowstone River, which experienced a major drought event in 2016. This drought lead to an outbreak of Proliferative Kidney Disease that killed approximately 10,000 fish and resulted in an emergency closure of 294.5 km of the river for 15 days. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with outfitters, guides, government researchers, and state fisheries biologists/managers working within the Yellowstone River watershed. Our work was guided by three objectives: 1) to determine if people perceive changes in the runoff cycle; 2) to identify the impacts of changing runoff; and 3) if impacts are occurring, to document what adaptations strategies are being used to address them. In our discussions, respondents described an earlier runoff, shorter and more intense runoff, and more interannual variability in runoff. The impacts respondents associated with these changes were: 1) increased uncertainty in yearly planning and fishing quality; 2) altered fishing quality; 3) changes in species distributions; 4) disease outbreaks; and 5) imposed fishing restrictions. Respondents also described the following adaptations to mitigate impacts: 1) altering catch-and-release practices; 2) temporally shifting trips; 3) spatially shifting trips; 4) drought anticipation; and 5) targeting warm water species.
RESUMO Há muitos estudos voltados à redução do volume de resíduos provenientes da indústria pesqueira. Esses resíduos são uma importante fonte de matéria-prima em sistemas orgânicos de produção ao ...serem compostados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros teores totais de nutrientes do composto orgânico confeccionado com resíduos de pescado, comparando-o a outras duas composições, além de utilizá-lo como substrato na produção de mudas de alface (Lactuca sativa). Na avaliação de produção de mudas de alface, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: quantidade de folhas (QF), comprimento da raiz (CR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e massa seca da raiz (MSR). Os parâmetros de matéria orgânica (MO), relação C/N e capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) foram superiores no composto de resíduo de pescado. Para a produção de MSPA, os tratamentos T3 (composto confeccionado com resíduos de pescado) e T2 (composto confeccionado com resíduos agroindustriais da palmeira carnaúba) apresentaram as maiores médias, sendo T2 o que apresentou a maior média para MSR. Para QF, os melhores resultados (p = 0,02) foram obtidos pelo tratamento T6, cujas mudas de alface apresentaram maior QF e CR. Os resultados sugerem viabilidade na produção de mudas de alface utilizando substrato à base de resíduos de pescado.
ABSTRACT There are many studies aimed at reducing the volume of waste from the fishing industry. These residues are an important source of raw material in organic production systems when composted. The objective of this work was to evaluate the parameters of total nutrient contents of the organic compost made with fish residues, comparing it to two other compositions, in addition to using it as substrate in the production of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa). In the evaluation of lettuce seedlings production, a completely randomized design was used, with six treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: Leaf quantity (QF), root length (CR), Aerial part dry mass (MSPA), and root dry mass (MSR). The parameters of organic matter (OM), C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CTC) were higher in the fish residue compound. For the production of MSPA, treatments T3 (compound made with fish residues) and T2 presented the highest averages, being treatment T2 (compound made with agroindustrial residues of the Carnauba palm) presented the highest averages, with T2 presenting the highest mean for MSR. For QF, the best results (p = 0.02) were obtained by T6 treatment, whose lettuce seedlings had a greater number of leaves and root length. The results suggest viability in the production of lettuce seedlings using a substrate based on fish residues.
Recreational fishing is a popular sport and leisure activity in many countries worldwide. There has been growing interest by recreational fishing groups and researchers in the perceived physical and ...psychological health and social (or ‘biopsychosocial’) benefits of recreational fishing. However, quantifying the key subjective ‘human dimensions’ of fishing that satisfy both the needs of recreational fishing groups and fishery managers is a major obstacle. We propose the use of psychometrically valid health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures widely used in the medical and health sciences – namely the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) – as rapid, reliable and cost‐effective instruments for quantifying HRQOL of recreational fishers. The widespread use of SF‐36 and availability of population normative data allows comparisons of the HRQOL of recreational fishers across multiple temporal and spatial scales, with participants of other activities, and the general population. The use of such measures in periodic surveys allows the biopsychosocial status of a recreational fishery's participants to be assessed using a modified Kobe plot, a graphical format that is easily interpretable and consistent with existing reporting formats used in fisheries stock assessment. Future biopsychosocial research in recreational fisheries can further benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to develop a suite of standardized psychometrically valid and reliable instruments for assessing specific issues that commonly affect recreational fisheries from regional to international scales, such as drivers of fisher motivation, behaviour and satisfaction.
The valorization of aquaculture/fishery processing by-products, as well as unavoidable/unwanted catches and discards in Greece, is currently an underutilized activity despite the fact that there are ...several best practices in Northern Europe and overseas. One of the main challenges is to determine whether the available quantities for processing are sufficient to warrant the valorization of discards and fish side streams. This is the first attempt to systematically record and analyze the available quantities of fish by-products and discards in Greece spatially and temporally in an effort to create a national exploitation Master Plan for the valorization of this unavoidable and unwanted biomass. A thorough survey conducted within the VIOAXIOPIO project unveiled a substantial biomass of around 19,000 tonnes annually that could be harnessed for valorization. Furthermore, the production of various High-Added-Value Biomolecules (HAVBs) was investigated and experimental trials were conducted to assess the potential yields, with the collected data used to formulate four valorization scenarios.
Aquaculture is viewed as a potential mechanism to meet the growing demand for seafood around the world. The future of bivalve shellfish aquaculture in the U.S. hinges on sustainable practices on the ...part of industry and a more consistent regulatory regime. Bivalve shellfish aquaculture is a recent practice relative to its history in other countries, beginning in the late 1800s along the U.S. West Coast where it is now well established with farm raised product utilizing land-based hatcheries and grow-out directly in numerous estuaries. Bivalve shellfish aquaculture can be viewed as a disturbance which modifies the estuarine system in three ways: 1) changes in material processes — bivalves process food and produce wastes; 2) addition of physical structure — aquaculture introduces the cultured organisms and in some cases a physical anchoring structure; and 3) pulse disturbances like harvest and bed maintenance disturb sediments, remove species in addition to the cultured organisms themselves, and change resource or habitat availability. In U.S. West Coast estuaries, water column and sediment nutrient concentrations are relatively high and influenced by large tidal exchange and proximity to deeper nearshore ocean waters where upwelling controls production during summer months. Bivalves are unlikely to influence material processes except at local bed scales in these systems, although estuary-wide effects could appear as the fraction of cultured area rises or in poorly flushed bays. Bivalve culture clearly modifies estuarine habitat at local community and at landscape scales and effects are most often evaluated against existing structured habitat in the form of submerged aquatic vegetation. Individual activities act as pulse disturbances and the recovery of eelgrass (
Zostera marina) to pre-disturbance levels is variable (<
2 to >
5 years). The extent of disturbance depends on the aquaculture practice and the distribution of eelgrass reflects a balance of space competition, pulse disturbance and recovery, and is therefore at dynamic equilibrium on aquaculture beds. Structure provided by aquaculture appears functionally similar to eelgrass for small benthic infauna and mobile epibenthic fauna while use of aquaculture as habitat by larger more mobile invertebrates and fish depends on mobility and varies with life-history stage and taxon being evaluated. Scale seems a very important management consideration and further research at estuarine landscape scales, especially for habitat use by important invertebrates and fish, may prove useful in designing and implementing best management practices. Though local and short term effects from aquaculture are clearly evident in U.S. West Coast estuaries, bivalve aquaculture does not remove area from the estuary or degrade water quality like other anthropogenic influences, and thus has not been implicated in shifts to alternate states or reduced adaptive capacity of the larger ecological system.
Les savoirs de l’expérience Grancher, Romain
Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (French ed.),
06/2023, Volume:
78, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Fondé sur l’analyse d’une trentaine d’expériences de pêche réalisées sur les côtes de la Manche entre les années 1680 et 1860, cet article décrit les premières manifestations d’un mode de ...gouvernement expérimental des ressources de la mer sous l’Ancien Régime, puis sa normalisation progressive au cours du xixe siècle. Il montre comment les mesures de police des pêches destinées à assurer la conservation de ces ressources sont le résultat d’une négociation entre l’administration centrale de la marine et les communautés de pêcheurs, dont le monopole sur la production du savoir halieutique leur permet de défendre leur particularisme technique et juridique.
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