HammerCloud (HC) is a testing service and framework for continuous functional tests, on-demand large-scale stress tests, and performance benchmarks. It checks the computing resources and various ...components of distributed systems with realistic full-chain experiment workflows. The HammerCloud software was initially developed in Python 2. After support for Python 2 was discontinued in 2020, migration to Python 3 became vital in order to fulfill the latest security standards and to use the new CERN Single Sign-On, which requires Python 3. The current deployment setup based on RPMs allowed a stable deployment and secure maintenance over several years of operations for the ATLAS and CMS experiments. However, the current model is not flexible enough to support an agile and rapid development process. Therefore, we have decided to use a containerization solution, and switched to industry-standard technologies and processes. Having an “easy to spawn” instance of HC enables a more agile development cycle and easier deployment. With the help of such a containerized setup, CI/CD pipelines can be integrated into the automation process as an extra layer of verification. A quick onboarding process for new team members and communities is essential, as there is a lot of personnel rotation and a general lack of personpower. This is achieved with the container-based setup, as developers can now work locally with a quick turnaround without needing to set up a production-like environment first. These developments empower the whole community to test and prototype new ideas and deliver new types of resources or workflows to our community.
...the end of the pandemic is only possible when vaccines that are effective against circulating variants are distributed equitably across the world. ...for surveillance of the circulation of ...SARS-CoV-2 variants, sharing of variant-specific PCR primers could help to monitor their spread, particularly in resource-limited countries. ...a central repository of samples of sera and cells from individuals with past infection or past immunisation with available COVID-19 vaccines should be established for seroneutralisation and cellular immunity functional testing against newly discovered variants.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the development of a package-on-package multichip microcircuit with three-dimensional integration of processor and memory dies. The stages of fabrication ...the upper part of the microcircuit with several memory dies, which are mounted by the wire bonding method, and the lower part of the microcircuit, on which the processor die is attached by the flip-chip method, are described. After the fabrication of the microcircuit by combining the upper and lower substrates, a multi-stage functional testing of the processor and memory dies is performed using a test board and software loaded into the microcircuit memory.
Liver transplantation is a highly successful treatment, but is severely limited by the shortage in donor organs. However, many potential donor organs cannot be used; this is because sub-optimal ...livers do not tolerate conventional cold storage and there is no reliable way to assess organ viability preoperatively. Normothermic machine perfusion maintains the liver in a physiological state, avoids cooling and allows recovery and functional testing. Here we show that, in a randomized trial with 220 liver transplantations, compared to conventional static cold storage, normothermic preservation is associated with a 50% lower level of graft injury, measured by hepatocellular enzyme release, despite a 50% lower rate of organ discard and a 54% longer mean preservation time. There was no significant difference in bile duct complications, graft survival or survival of the patient. If translated to clinical practice, these results would have a major impact on liver transplant outcomes and waiting list mortality.
Context:
A Machine Learning based System (MLS) is a software system including one or more components that learn how to perform a task from a given data set. The increasing adoption of MLSs in safety ...critical domains such as autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance has fostered much attention towards the quality assurance of such systems. Despite the advances in software testing, MLSs bring novel and unprecedented challenges, since their behaviour is defined jointly by the code that implements them and the data used for training them.
Objective:
To identify the existing solutions for functional testing of MLSs, and classify them from three different perspectives: (1) the context of the problem they address, (2) their features, and (3) their empirical evaluation. To report demographic information about the ongoing research. To identify open challenges for future research.
Method:
We conducted a systematic mapping study about testing techniques for MLSs driven by 33 research questions. We followed existing guidelines when defining our research protocol so as to increase the repeatability and reliability of our results.
Results:
We identified 70 relevant primary studies, mostly published in the last years. We identified 11 problems addressed in the literature. We investigated multiple aspects of the testing approaches, such as the used/proposed adequacy criteria, the algorithms for test input generation, and the test oracles.
Conclusions:
The most active research areas in MLS testing address automated scenario/input generation and test oracle creation. MLS testing is a rapidly growing and developing research area, with many open challenges, such as the generation of realistic inputs and the definition of reliable evaluation metrics and benchmarks.
The paper provides a technical solution and methodology for conducting automated electrical and functional testing of small series samples of multi-chip assemblies. The results of multi-chip assembly ...samples testing combining Wire Bond and Flip-Chip technologies are presented. Based on the test results, defects that occur during the packaging process are localized and the assembly stages at which these defects occur are determined.
The adult
polyp continually renews all of its cells using three separate stem cell populations, but the genetic pathways enabling this homeostatic tissue maintenance are not well understood. We ...sequenced 24,985
single-cell transcriptomes and identified the molecular signatures of a broad spectrum of cell states, from stem cells to terminally differentiated cells. We constructed differentiation trajectories for each cell lineage and identified gene modules and putative regulators expressed along these trajectories, thus creating a comprehensive molecular map of all developmental lineages in the adult animal. In addition, we built a gene expression map of the
nervous system. Our work constitutes a resource for addressing questions regarding the evolution of metazoan developmental processes and nervous system function.
Abstract
In order to make the safety instrumented system meet the functional safety requirements of the classification in a longer period of time, and considering the model incompleteness of the ...original Markov model, we propose to add the consideration of periodic functional testing to the original Markov model for modeling. The results show that the PFDavg of the safety instrumented system with periodic functional testing is lower than that of the safety instrumented system without periodic functional testing, and the Markov model with periodic functional testing is more comprehensive and more consistent with the engineering reality.
Ultraviolet‐B light (UV‐B) is one environmental signal perceived by plants that affects the flavonoid pathway and influences the levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. To ...understand the mechanisms underlying UV exposure, apple trees were grown under spectral filters that altered transmission of solar UV light. Fruit analysis showed that UV induced changes in physiology, metabolism, and gene expression levels during development over a season. These changes were sustained after storage. Under low UV, ripening was delayed, fruit size decreased, and anthocyanin and flavonols were reduced. Expression analysis showed changes in response to UV light levels for genes in the regulation and biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flavonols. Transcription of flavonol synthase (FLS), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), MYB10, and MYB22 were down‐regulated throughout fruit development under reduced UV. Functional testing showed that the FLS promoter was activated by HY5, and this response was enhanced by the presence of MYB22. The MYB22 promoter can also be activated by the anthocyanin regulator, MYB10. As ambient levels of UV light vary around the globe, this study has implications for future crop production, the quality of which can be determined by the response to UV.
In this manuscript, we examined the mechanisms underlying UV exposure of apple trees grown under spectral filters that altered transmission of solar UV light. The experiment was conducted in the orchard so that we could examine relevant effects. Fruit analysis showed that UV induced changes in physiology, metabolism, and gene expression levels during development. The most fundamental of these changes was a severe reduction in fruit size under restricted UV exposure. Many of these UV‐induced changes were sustained well after harvest. Expression and functional analysis showed changes in genes involved in the regulation and biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flavonols. This study has implications for future crop production, the quality of which can be determined by the response to UV. We feel that this work is directly relevant to the readers of PC&E.
PDF
