Offshore drilling activates have been significantly impacted by severe weather conditions as oil and gas development has moved into deep and ultra-deep water. Under the situation of imminent arrival ...of a typhoon, emergency retrieval of the whole drilling riser is time consuming and tedious. A novel specialized soft hang-off system to improve the adaptability of the drilling riser system under hang-off or transit operations is developed to solve the low-efficiency and time limitation for retrieval all drilling riser joints during extreme storm environment. The specialized soft hang-off system improves its bending capacity and reduce the risk of interference with diverter housing and moonpool and partially compensate the heave motion of drilling platform, to ensure the drilling riser keep lower tension and not compression during hang-off or transit mode. A numerical solution with mechanical model, boundary condition, results validation is conducted and transit operation window is obtained. Sea trial investigation on the novel specialized soft hang-off system during transit operation are conducted to evaluate the performance on global strength and dynamic load compensation effect. The research can be a significant basis and of valuable reference for deepwater engineering and the manufactured novel specialized soft hang-off system is an important emergency equipment.
•A novel specialized soft hang-off system for deepwater drilling riser is proposed and manufactured.•A numerical solution with mechanical model, numerical method is conducted and dynamic operation window during transit is obtained.•A sea trial is conducted to evaluate the system's strength performance on the transit speed increase during transit comprehensively.•It offers high value to security of deepwater drilling engineering.
Low physical fitness has been found to be associated with many chronic diseases and medical conditions. Knowledge of secular trends in physical fitness is important to initiate countermeasures for ...addressing negative trends. The aim of this study was to analyze secular trends in health‐related muscular fitness in Slovenian children and adolescents between 1983 and 2014. Data were collected as part of “The Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia (ACDSi)” study in 1983, 1993/94, 2003/04, and 2013/14. Anthropometry (body weight, height, BMI, and triceps skinfold) and muscular fitness (standing long jump, bent‐arm hang, and sit‐ups 60 s test) of 18730 (9168 female) students from primary and secondary schools were recorded. The secular trend was analyzed considering anthropometry. The results showed that anthropometric measures had an increasing trend and overall muscular fitness had a decreasing trend. Leg muscle power decreased over the decades in all age groups (relative difference between −1.5% and −2.6%), being more pronounced in boys. Arm muscle strength decreased in two younger age groups (range −21.1% to −42.7%, 6–10, and 11–14 years), but not in the oldest group (15–19 years), where the increase occurred in both genders (0.4% to 9.3%). In terms of decades, the largest negative changes (−30.1%) occurred from 1993/94 to 2003/04 and the smallest changes (−4.2%) from 2003/04 to 2013/14. The overall trend in repetitive core strength surprisingly increased (1.1% to 18.3%). There is a need to promote healthy lifestyles, raise parental awareness and use all government resources to redirect the negative trend in physical fitness.
A study using whole-rock major-trace elements and Sr–Nd isotopes as well as zircon U–Pb dating has been carried out on Early Cretaceous mafic–ultramafic intrusions from the Gan–Hang tectonic belt ...(GHTB), South China, to understand the origin of mantle sources and the sequential evolution of the underlying Late Mesozoic lithospheric mantle of this area. The study focused on two intrusions, one at Quzhou and the other at Longyou (see Fig. 1). They are primarily composed of mafic–ultramafic rocks with wide range of chemical compositions. The Quzhou mafic rocks have relatively narrow ranges of SiO2 (48.94–51.79wt%), MgO (6.07–7.21wt%), Fe2O3 (10.48–11.56wt%), CaO (8.20–8.81wt%), and Mg# (51.7–56.5) with relatively low K2O (0.56–0.67wt%) and Na2O (3.09–3.42wt%). By contrast, the ultramafic rocks from Longyou have distinct lower SiO2 (41.50–45.11wt%) and higher MgO (9.05–9.90wt%), Fe2O3 (12.14–12.62wt%), CaO (8.64–10.67wt%), and Mg# (59.5–61.1) with relatively higher K2O (1.32–1.75wt%) and Na2O (4.53–5.08wt%). They are characterized by Ocean Island Basalts (OIB)-type trace element distribution patterns, with a significant enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE), large ion lithophile elements (LILE, i.e., Rb, Ba, K, and Sr) and high field strength elements (HFSE, i.e., Nb, Ta), and slight depletion of Th, U, Ti, and Y. The intrusions exhibit relatively depleted Sr–Nd isotope compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr)i range of 0.7035 to 0.7055 (143Nd/144Nd)i of 0.51264 to 0.51281 and εNd(t) values of +3.0 to +6.6. Zircon U–Pb dating of Longyou and Quzhou intrusions yields consistent magma emplacement ages of 129.0±3.9 to 126.2±2.4Ma, respectively. The dating results are consistent with the peak of extension in Early Cretacerous throughout the Gan–Hang tectonic belt. Their magmas were principally derived from near-solidus partial melting of pyroxenites with different content of silica, and the pyroxenites were resulted from a juvenile SCLM peridotite metasomatized by adakitic and felsic melts under a subducted oceanic crust-lithospheric mantle in Neoproterozoic. During the subduction of the oceanic crust, the juvenile SCLM can be sandwiched by the ancient SCLM above and the pyroxenites below and stored for hundreds of millions of years until Late Mesozoic. Then partial melting of the pyroxenites was triggered during the peak of extension in response to the tectonic reactivation of the GHTB in Early Cretaceous. It is clear that fault reactivation and structural constraints within the GHTB had played an important role in its magmatic evolution.
•Two mafic–ultramafic intrusions yield consistent magma emplacement ages of 129 to 126Ma.•Partial melting of the relatively juvenile SCLM in response to the peak of extension.•Fault reactivation and structural constraints played an important role.•The composition of mafic–ultramafic intrusions provides a snapshot of SCLM in a reactive tectonic belt.
...do spare a moment of reflection for this year's charity, Doctors of the World, and support them with your usual generosity (doi: 10.1136/bmj.h6841 ).
Hang Tuah, the most illustrious warrior figure in Malay literature, is said to have lived in Malacca during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah in the 15th century. The story of Hang Tuah has fascinated ...audiences for many centuries and continues to be retold and fashioned to attract modern audiences. This study traces the adaptation of Hang Tuah across different languages, cultures and media. It explores the adaptation of Hang Tuah by an Indian from India. The objective of this study is to analyse what transpires in the adaptation of a Malay literary text to an Indian docudrama and make a close analysis of Hang Tuah as a Malay culture hero based on Hikayat Hang Tuah. His qualities as a culture hero are discussed thoroughly according to the concept of a culture hero by Jerome Long. At the same time, this research allows the readers to go into the Indian mind, asking especially the director to explain why he decided to adapt Hang Tuah in his historical docudrama. This study article critically analyses the transformation of the Malay culture hero, Hang Tuah, in the literary text entitled Hikayat Hang Tuah to Hang Tuah in the docudrama entitled Bharat Ek-Khoj. The transformation is examined in the context of literature-to-film adaptation. The relation between the original source and the screen adaptations is also investigated.
Thermal imaging is used in various fields of industry and research to measure temperature and its possible differences. Since there is a lack of research and literature on palm temperatures and ...prevention of blisters on hands, our question was how palm temperature differs in human hands after different loads (Hang and Swing in Hang) for 30 s on a high bar. Thirty-eight students from the Faculty of Sport at the University of Ljubljana were measured with a high-quality thermal imaging camera. Palm temperatures were measured before the load was applied, immediately after and every 30 s for a period of 5 min after the load. Each hand was divided into nine different regions of interest (ROIs). Mean (XA), standard deviation (SD), maximum and minimum, and number of pixels were calculated. We found that there was no difference between the left and right hand. The temperature right after the load was applied decreased significantly for both loads and then increased above the level before the load was applied. After the static load, the temperature reached a constant higher level after 3 min. After the dynamic load, the temperatures continued to increase throughout the measurement period. Further investigation is needed to determine the time period in which the hand temperature reaches the temperature before the load is applied.
The Qin–Hang intra-continental porphyry–skarn Cu polymetallic belt (QHMB) is among the economically important metallogenic belts in South China. The significant differences in the size and metal ...assemblage of the Jurassic magmatic–hydrothermal ore deposits in this belt remain as an enigma. Here we employ zircon U–Pb and Hf–O isotopes of the Tongshanling and Baoshan Cu–Pb–Zn deposits in the central part of the QHMB to investigate the contrasting metallogenic architecture. Our SIMS zircon U–Pb data indicate that the Tongshanling and Baoshan granodiorite formed at ~160Ma. These rocks show high Mg# values, and negative zircon εHf(t) and high δ18O values suggesting that the magmas of the granodiorite porphyries were mainly generated through the anatexis of older crustal components triggered by the input of mantle-derived magma. The minor content of amphibole phenocrysts, low Sr/Y ratios, negative Eu anomaly, and low zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios indicate that the porphyries are relatively less oxidized with less water content compared with the ore-bearing porphyries in the Dexing and Yuanzhuding porphyry Cu deposits in the northern and southern part of the QHMB, suggesting that high magmatic water content and oxidation state are important prerequisites for the formation of large size porphyry–skarn copper deposits in the QHMB. The positive correlation between zircon εHf(t) values with the Cu reserves, as well as zircon δ18O values with the Cu/(Cu+Pb+Zn) ratios of the deposits indicate that the magmatic sources exerted a first-order control on the volume and metal assemblage of deposits in the QHMB. The Hf and Nd isotope contour maps indicate that the central part of the QHMB has high potential for Pb–Zn-dominated magmatic–hydrothermal deposits, whereas the northern and southern part of the QHMB are prospective for large Cu deposits. Our results have important implications in formulating regional exploration strategies for Jurassic porphyry–skarn Cu–Pb–Zn deposits in the Qin–Hang belt.
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•The Tongshanling and Baoshan porphyries were formed by input of mafic magma into old crust.•Oxidized and hydrous magma is a pre-requisite for large Cu deposits in the QHMB.•Nature of magmatic source controls the size and metal association of the deposits in the QHMB.
The role of using nano-based thermal storage material filled into trapezoidal hang wick in a pyramid solar distiller is under study. The study underwent three stages of examination; after the ...material preparation. First, the pyramid distiller had a trapezoidal hang wick with pure phase change material (PCM) inside the cavity of the hang wick structure. Secondly, the pure PCM was replaced by PCM enriched with CuO-nanoparticles (NPS) based. Thirdly, four flat reflectors were established around the distiller in addition to the hang wick and the CuO-NPs based PCM. The water yield increase for the three investigated cases compared with the conventional single-slope solar distiller was 59.87%, 107.52%, and 154.38%, respectively, as the third case had daily productivity of 8.14 L/m2. Furthermore, the thermal and exergy efficiencies and the heat transfer coefficients have been carried out and showed that there is an increase in the thermal efficiency, energy efficiency and total heat transfer coefficient of the third case (the best case) by, 152.1%, 281%, and 68.59% compared with the conventional distiller. Moreover, cost and environmental analyses were carried out. The liter of freshwater costs 0.0089 $ with saving ratio of 41.06%. For the environmental requirements, the third case reduced the CO2 emission by 10.27 ton-CO2/year, which corresponds to cost-saving by 148.96 $/year.
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