In 2009, Chinese government launched a new healthcare reform, one of the key points of which is to establish National Essential Medicine System (NEMS). Hospital pharmacists are directly related to ...the implementation of NEMS. This study is to examine knowledge of and attitudes towards the implementation of the NEMS among hospital pharmacists in western China.
We conducted a questionnaire survey of pharmacists from different types of medical institutions in Shaanxi Province in November 2014. We gathered demographic information about the participants, collected the data about their knowledge of and attitudes towards the implementation of NEMS, and identified the influencing factors of cognitive level. We analyzed the data and compared public secondary/tertiary hospitals and primary healthcare institutions.
Of the 704 participants (response rate = 70.2 %), the majority had positive and moderate knowledge (39.2 and 53.3 %) and attitudes (35.8 and 62.9 %) towards NEMS. The most participants were aware of the implementation time of NEMS (89.8 %) and zero mark-up policy (85.5 %) while the least learned of the adjustment time of National Essential Medicines List (NEML). Pharmacists from public secondary/tertiary hospitals tended to know more and have more positive attitudes. There was no statistical correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. The education level (p = 0.022) and number of training sessions attended (p = 0.028) were the only demographic variables linked to knowledge scores.
Hospital pharmacists in Shaanxi Province had moderate knowledge of and attitudes towards the implementation of NEMS. Pharmacists from public secondary/tertiary hospitals showed better understanding. The government should therefore focus on improving the understanding of pharmacists in primary healthcare institutions and also address existing problems, especially the supply and distribution systems.
Komunikacija je osnova svakog međuljudskog odnosa. Dobrom se komunikacijom postižu bolji odnos i povjerenje, bolja suradnja s kolegama te se pozitivno utječe na atmosferu na radnom mjestu. Cilj je ...istraživanja utvrditi kako dobre komunikacijske vještine nadređenih utječu na radne procese. Osnovni je zadatak ovog istraživanja ispitati stilove komuniciranja odgovornih osoba u procesu zdravstvene njege i odnosa prema podređenima, tj. izvršiteljima u procesu zdravstvene njege. Istraživanje je deskriptivno i komparativno. Kao instrument za istraživanje primijenjen je autorski upitnik kreiran na osnovi pregleda stručne i znanstvene literature i na osnovi iskustava iz svakodnevne kliničke prakse. Rezultati su pokazali 33,3 % ukupnog broja ispitanika navodi da su u potpunosti zadovoljni međuljudskom komunikacijom, 57,0 % djelomično te samo 24 ili 9,6 % navodi da nisu zadovoljni. Može se zaključiti da dobre komunikacijske vještine nadređenih pozitivno utječu na produktivnost radnika.
•Organisational implementation of wireless networks and relevant technologies often yields social values that might not easily surface let alone be quantified.•These social values manifest themselves ...in various forms that could help an organisation better compete and survive.•A matrix of social values in relation to technology changes and their interactions with various stakeholders is further discussed.•The social and institutional perspectives allow intangible, non-quantifiable IT values to surface and even help justify IT investment.
The existing literature has given little consideration to social values of information technology in general or of wireless technology in particular. The purpose of this paper is thus to shed new light on this issue. Based on an interpretive case study, we examine two healthcare organisations and discover that social values are often manifested beyond, as well as within, organisations. A matrix of social values in relation to technology changes and their interactions with various stakeholders is further discussed. The matrix helps understand how various social values emerge from and revolve around organisations’ strategic management of information technology. The implications of the findings about social values are discussed and future research directions are suggested.
With the dissemination of Health Information Systems and the greater relevance of interoperability towards the quality of the information available to the clinical personnel, distinct architectures ...and methodologies have been devised in order to improve the existing platforms in the healthcare environment. However, most of them are based on HL7, an international standard for healthcare interoperability, which depending on the implementation as any technology has its advantages and limitations. This paper details the architecture and methodologies of a multi-agent based HL7 interoperation service. The mentioned system is incorporated in an integration platform, which is implemented in several healthcare institutions and uses Multi-Agent Systems to control and enable the flow of data and information within them. The log registry and extracted statistics of several years of interoperation in one institution are used to analyse the development of prediction models to imbue intelligent behaviour in the existing platform. The resulting models are studied and embedded into a validation HL7 server agent.
Objective: To establish the relationship between lifestyle for
prevention of cervix and breast cancer and perceptual cognitive factors
from the Pender model in working women. Materials and methods:
...Correlation and cross-sectional study with a random sample of 143
working women. The Lifestyle index is the total score of 5 variables:
Papanicolau test, breast self-exam, physical activity, body mass index,
and cigarette smoking. Results: The mean age for the sample was 44.4 +
6.2; 87% of the women had higher education and 85% were working in
health care services. A total of 89% of the women had unhealthy
lifestyles because of the lack of regular physical activity, not having
a Papanicolau test according to the norm, not practicing breast
self-exams, and having an altered body mass index. There was
significant correlation between lifestyle and occupation, and also with
self-efficacy perception for breast self-examination. Conclusion: The
lifestyles for most of the women sampled were unhealthy.
Recommendations: It is recommend the reorientation of health services
based on health promotion, which permit planning and executing health
care, health education and nursing care programs specifically for
working women. It is also recommend conducting culturally sensitive.
This paper presents a model of a hybrid energy system connected to a healthcare institution. The hybrid system proposed for the case study consists of a dual axis PV tracking system and electrical ...energy storage device supplying power to a critical load in conjunction with an existing grid connection. The healthcare entity is subjected to time-based pricing and maximum demand charges. A medical facility in the city of Bloemfontein in South Africa is chosen as a case study, where solar irradiance is in abundance. The developed model and presented algorithm aim to economically dispatch power between the hybrid energy systems and energy storage scheme in order to minimize the energy usage from the grid and associated costs. The energy usage is subjected to Time-of-Use tariffs and maximum demand charges. The results from simulating the operation of the developed economic dispatch model revealed significant potential energy and associated cost savings. Employing the proposed economic dispatch strategy may potentially reduce the entity's monthly operation cost by approximately 55%, while maximizing the localized renewable energy production and use of the energy storage scheme.
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