Taizhou is one of the important port cities and trade centers in Zhejiang Province in Chinese history. The traditional buildings retained in its historic districts have not only conformed to the ...development of the times, but also witnessed the local historical changes and finally formed their own unique local characteristics. The paper takes Haimen Old Street in a good condition of protection as the research object, conducts a comprehensive investigation on the protection status of modern architectures in the Old Street, and deeply explores the spatial forms and architectural features of the buildings. After investigation, it was found that Haimen Old Street has a good architectural shape and characteristics after undergoing conservation and restoration work, which can be said to be a model of architectural protection in eastern Zhejiang. This survey can provide evidence and suggestions for the protection of buildings in historical districts in Zhejiang, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting the regional culture of Taizhou’s characteristic buildings.
This paper takes the historical and cultural area of Tanhualin in Wuchang District as an example, from the historical construction present situation, the value of historical architecture, discusses ...three aspects of the historical building protection measures, and finally draws the conclusion: historical building protection needs to emphasize on protection, do repair old as before, to protect the culture at the same time also should pay attention to regain its vitality, achieve sustainable development, and carefully reconsider historical buildings in the present age, the function of space positioning.
The central nervous system has historically been viewed as an immune-privileged site, but recent data have shown that the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contain a ...diverse population of immune cells
. So far, studies have focused on macrophages and T cells, but have not included a detailed analysis of meningeal humoral immunity. Here we show that, during homeostasis, the mouse and human meninges contain IgA-secreting plasma cells. These cells are positioned adjacent to dural venous sinuses: regions of slow blood flow with fenestrations that can potentially permit blood-borne pathogens to access the brain
. Peri-sinus IgA plasma cells increased with age and following a breach of the intestinal barrier. Conversely, they were scarce in germ-free mice, but their presence was restored by gut re-colonization. B cell receptor sequencing confirmed that meningeal IgA
cells originated in the intestine. Specific depletion of meningeal plasma cells or IgA deficiency resulted in reduced fungal entrapment in the peri-sinus region and increased spread into the brain following intravenous challenge, showing that meningeal IgA is essential for defending the central nervous system at this vulnerable venous barrier surface.
Abstract
This article presents the process of the energy performance upgrade for the historical, Venetian building of “Loggia”, in Heraklion Crete, Greece. The building is currently used as Town Hall ...of the Municipality of Heraklion. The original Venetian building was constructed and renovated between the 13
th
century and 1628 during the Venetian occupation of Crete (1205-1669). Through the centuries, the building was gradually and partially destroyed, resulting to its total destruction in the Second World War. The construction of the existing building as a faithful copy of the original started in the ’60s and was completed in the late ’70s. Due to the special protection and conservative regime applied for the “Loggia” building, although, practically, a new one, the possible energy performance upgrade interventions were remarkably restricted. Any alteration of the building’s outer views is strictly prohibited. Eventually, the proposed measures were the installation of new openings, faithful copies of the existing ones, the installation of a new air-to-water heat pump with a hydraulic distribution network and hydronic terminal units for indoor space conditioning, installation of new luminaires and LED lamps and floodlights and a photovoltaic plant on the building’s roof. The building was upgraded to a zero-energy consumption facility.
The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known ...archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.
The Natural Wood Regime in Rivers WOHL, ELLEN; KRAMER, NATALIE; RUIZ-VILLANUEVA, VIRGINIA ...
BioScience/Bioscience,
04/2019, Volume:
69, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The natural wood regime forms the third leg of a tripod of physical processes that supports river science and management, along with the natural flow and sediment regimes. The wood regime consists of ...wood recruitment, transport, and storage in river corridors. Each of these components can be characterized in terms of magnitude, frequency, rate, timing, duration, and mode. We distinguish the natural wood regime, which occurs where human activities do not significantly alter the wood regime, and a target wood regime, in which management emphasizes wood recruitment, transport, and storage that balance desired geomorphic and ecological characteristics with mitigation of wood-related hazards. Wood regimes vary across space and through time but can be inferred and quantified via direct measurements, reference sites, historical information, and numerical modeling. Classifying wood regimes with respect to wood process domains and quantifying the wood budget are valuable tools for assessing and managing rivers.
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and one of the most demanding environments ever inhabited by humans. We investigated the timing and mechanisms of its initial colonization at the Nwya Devu site, ...located nearly 4600 meters above sea level. This site, dating from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, is the highest Paleolithic archaeological site yet identified globally. Nwya Devu has yielded an abundant blade tool assemblage, indicating hitherto-unknown capacities for the survival of modern humans who camped in this environment. This site deepens the history of the peopling of the "roof of the world" and the antiquity of human high-altitude occupations more generally.
The great technological development in recent years in the field of architectural survey has made possible increasingly expeditious and less invasive investigations with the aim of acquiring a series ...of data related to the asset and fundamental for the protection of cultural heritage. In addition, the synergy between the various techniques represents an added value able, not only, to fill possible gaps and lacks arising from application limits of the instruments, but also to enhance the peculiarities of the same. This paper presents an integrated survey activity (range-based, image-based and IR thermography techniques) aimed at applying the combination and collaboration of multiple sensors for the analysis and study of historical buildings as well as for the generation of digital repository to support current and future investigations. In particular, the attention has been on the Chiesa dell’Annunziata located in the municipality of Sessa Aurunca in the province of Caserta (Italy). By carrying out a systematic process of survey, colorimetric-material analysis and thermographic investigations, the work has allowed to identify the main forms of degradation that characterize the structure and the causes that generate it. The work conducted through the combination of multiple technologies demonstrates, once again, the importance of synergy and integrations between several instrumentations useful for the documentation of the built heritage, characterized by complex analyses and investigations based on increasingly interdisciplinary approaches.
The promise of oceanic discovery has long intrigued scientists and explorers, whether with the idea of studying underwater ecology and climate change or with the hope of uncovering natural resources ...and historic secrets buried deep in archaeological sites. This quest to explore the oceans requires skilled human access, yet much of the oceans are inaccessible to human divers; nearly ninetenths of the ocean floor is at 1 km or deeper 1. Accessing these depths is imperative since factors such as pollution and deep-sea trawling threaten ecology and archaeological sites. While remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are inadequate for the task, a robotic avatar could go where humans cannot and still embody human intelligence and intentions through immersive interfaces.
Bones and teeth are important sources of Pleistocene hominin DNA, but are rarely recovered at archaeological sites. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been retrieved from cave sediments but provides ...limited value for studying population relationships. We therefore developed methods for the enrichment and analysis of nuclear DNA from sediments and applied them to cave deposits in western Europe and southern Siberia dated to between 200,000 and 50,000 years ago. We detected a population replacement in northern Spain about 100,000 years ago, which was accompanied by a turnover of mtDNA. We also identified two radiation events in Neanderthal history during the early part of the Late Pleistocene. Our work lays the ground for studying the population history of ancient hominins from trace amounts of nuclear DNA in sediments.
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