With an increasing inflow and outflow of users from social media, understanding the factors the drive their adoption becomes even more pressing. This paper reports on a study with 494 users of ...Facebook and WhatsApp. Different from traditional uses & gratifications studies that probe into typical uses of social media, we sampled users' single recent, outstanding (either satisfying or unsatisfying) experiences, based on a contemporary theoretical and methodological framework of 10 universal human needs. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses, we found WhatsApp to unlock new opportunities for intimate communications, Facebook to be characterized by primarily non-social uses, and both media to be powerful lifelogging tools. Unsatisfying experiences were primarily rooted in the tools' breach of offline social norms, as well in content fatigue and exposure to undesirable content in the case of Facebook. We discuss the implications of the findings for the design of social media.
•We studied users' recent, outstanding experiences with Facebook and WhatsApp.•WhatsApp was found to unlock new opportunities for intimate communication.•Facebook was characterized by primarily non-social uses.•Both media were found to be powerful lifelogging tools.
The ecosystem services and natural capital of soils are often not recognised and generally not well understood. This paper addresses this issue by drawing on scientific understanding of soil ...formation, functioning and classification systems and building on current thinking on ecosystem services to develop a framework to classify and quantify soil natural capital and ecosystem services. The framework consists of five main interconnected components: (1) soil natural capital, characterised by standard soil properties well known to soil scientists; (2) the processes behind soil natural capital formation, maintenance and degradation; (3) drivers (anthropogenic and natural) of soil processes; (4) provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services; and (5) human needs fulfilled by soil ecosystem services.
The recent shift to wellbeing, sustainability, and resilience under Industry 5.0 has prompted formal discussions that manufacturing should be human-centric – placing the wellbeing of industry workers ...at the center of manufacturing processes, instead of system-centric – only driven by efficiency and quality improvement and cost reduction. However, there is a lack of shared understanding of the essence of human-centric manufacturing, though significant research efforts exist in enhancing the physical and cognitive wellbeing of operators. Therefore, this position paper presents our arguments on the concept, needs, reference model, enabling technologies and system frameworks of human-centric manufacturing, providing a relatable vision and research agenda for future work in human-centric manufacturing systems. We believe human-centric manufacturing should ultimately address human needs defined in an Industrial Human Needs Pyramid – from basic needs of safety and health to the highest level of esteem and self-actualization. In parallel, human-machine relationships will change following a 5C evolution map – from current Coexistence, Cooperation and Collaboration to future Compassion and Coevolution. As such, human-centric manufacturing systems need to have bi-directional empathy, proactive communication and collaborative intelligence for establishing trustworthy human-machine coevolution relationships, thereby leading to high-performance human-machine teams. It is suggested that future research focus should be on developing transparent, trustworthy and quantifiable technologies that provide a rewarding working environment driven by real-world needs.
•Defined the concept of human-centric manufacturing and proposed a 5-level Industrial Human Needs Pyramid that defines humans needs in manufacturing.•Proposeda 5C evolution journey of human-machine relationship that ultimately targets Compassion and Coevolution, beyond current Coexistence, Cooperation and Collaboration.•Discussed the enabling technologies for achieving human-centric manufacturing.•Proposed human-centric manufacturing system framework and human-centric human-robot collaboration framework.•Discussed the grand challenges for achieving human-centric manufacturing.
Organizational dehumanization (OD) is a pervasive phenomenon that can be defined as the employee’s perception of being dehumanized, treated as an instrument, and denied personal subjectivity by their ...organization. Studies examining dehumanization in the workplace have proliferated in recent years and increasingly underscore the insidious effects of OD for employees, their social relations, and the organization itself. Here, we review research over the past 5 years on OD that has contributed significantly to our understanding of its (organizational, interpersonal, situational, and environmental) triggers and its consequences at individual and organizational levels. We conclude by discussing future research directions that may equip us to better understand and protect humanness at work.
•Organizational dehumanization (OD) is the perception of feeling objectified at work.•OD is triggered by organizational, interpersonal, situational/environmental factors.•OD has detrimental consequences for individuals and their organizations.•Future research should examine OD’s trickle effects and protective factors.•More research on OD should be conducted in non-Western contexts.
Human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) seeks to shift the focus in AI development from technology to people. However, it is not clear whether existing HCAI principles and practices adequately ...accomplish this goal. To explore whether HCAI is sufficiently focused on people, we conducted a qualitative survey of AI developers (N = 75) and users (N = 130) and performed a thematic content analysis on their responses to gain insight into their differing priorities and experiences. Through this, we were able to compare HCAI in principle (guidelines and frameworks) and practice (developer priorities) with user experiences. We found that the social impact of AI was a defining feature of positive user experiences, but this was less of a priority for developers. Furthermore, our results indicated that improving AI functionality from the perspective of the user is an important part of making it human-centered. Indeed, users were more concerned about being understood by AI than about understanding AI. In line with HCAI guidelines, developers were concerned with issues such as ethics, privacy, and security, demonstrating an ‘avoidance of harm’ perspective. However, our results suggest that an increased focus on what people need in their lives is required for HCAI to be truly human-centered.
•Social impact of AI was a defining feature of users' positive experiences, but this was less of a priority for developers.•Functionality of AI was key for both users and developers.•AI understandability was less important for users than being understood by AI.•Ethics, privacy, and security were considered to be important by developers, but were not key themes of user responses.
Our social interactions are driven by complex biopsychic processes that are complicated by the fact that humans are individuals and at the same time members of one or more social systems, such as ...schools. This book contributes to explaining the social mechanisms influencing students' "need to belong" fulfilment at school. The theoretical framework is informed by human needs understood as cognitive mechanisms of neural processes that regulate human behaviour and bio-values. The fieldwork was conducted in two secondary schools in Austria and Australia. Based on the findings, the transformative three-step approach suggests a course of action for student belonging. (DIPF/Verlag)
We investigate the relationship between human needs, energy consumption and carbon emissions for several indicators of human development: life expectancy, literacy, income and the Human Development ...Index. We find that high human development can be achieved at moderate energy and carbon levels; increasing energy and carbon past this level does not necessarily contribute to higher living standards. By conducting a novel longitudinal analysis from 1975 to 2005, we observe a previously undetected decoupling of the per capita energy and carbon required for human needs. If resources were equally distributed, current energy and carbon levels would be more than sufficient to satisfy global human needs at high levels of human development. By projecting current trends to 2030, we demonstrate that the global energy consumption and carbon emissions required to satisfy human needs will decrease with time, despite growth in population.
OBJECTIVESTo explore possible forms of domestic violence suffered by men with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODSA qualitative study was conducted through face-to face interviews, followed by a ...conceptual content analysis. Forms of violence were predetermined as code categories according to a classification of mistreatment and a lack within Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Data triangulation was performed by two researchers using the "long table" method according to Krueger & Casey. RESULTSEleven men with PD were interviewed to identify experienced forms of domestic violence. Since PD, the men felt neglected by their partners, lived in the fear of the partner's reactions, described a mutual sexual and physical distance, suffered from mockeries, humiliations, physical violence, and had a feeling of abandon while facing and managing PD. CONCLUSIONSDomestic violence against men with PD exists and should be screened during communication with healthcare professionals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSDomestic violence has different faces and is not always identified by the victims themselves. Spouses with profiles at risk for domestic violence against men with PD should be identified. Domestic violence can be triggered by female gender, alcoholism, anxiety and depression, a low educational level, low interest in and low knowledge about PD.
Urban planning is a key component of livability and plays a significant role in making cities more livable. Despite the impact the urban environment has on livability, a comprehensive framework that ...measures and promotes livability by incorporating key principles of urban design is not yet available. In practice, indexing systems are being used as benchmarking tools to assess livability; however, little research has been conducted to determine the validity of these systems for informing future urban development and policy as well as evaluating the experience of the larger population. Recent academic research, on the other hand, offers important insights into the links between livability and elements of the urban environment. However, those works only consider specific urban issues rather than covering all key factors of urban planning to assess and improve livability. This article bridges the current gap by offering a new livability framework that combines the broad scale of point-based livability indexing systems with the precise methodologies of recent academic studies. Integrating major aspects of urban planning and the needs of diverse user groups, we present a new comprehensive and inclusive livability assessment framework based on Abraham Maslow's “Theory of Human Needs”. As empirical evidence, we include Hong Kong as a case study and identify the neglected needs (and prerequisites of these needs) of the city's residents, demonstrating our work's potential for future livability evaluations and policy modifications. Our framework enables an in-depth reflection of livability by incorporating key factors of urban planning, which helps identify issues around social segregation and spatial justice for the promotion of healthy, equitable, and livable communities.
•Current livability rankings cannot adequately evaluate the experience of the marginalized communities of the city.•A comprehensive livability framework influenced by Abraham Maslow's "Theory of Human Needs" is developed.•The framework allows a detailed reflection on livability by combining urban planning principles with residents’ needs.•The framework illustrates that Hong Kong's urban livability issues go beyond basic provision, mobility, and sustainability.
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•No country sufficiently meets human needs within sustainable levels of energy use.•Need satisfaction and associated energy requirements depend on socio-economic setups.•Public ...services are linked to higher need satisfaction and lower energy requirements.•Economic growth is linked to lower need satisfaction and higher energy requirements.•Countries with good socio-economic setups could likely meet needs at low energy use.
Meeting human needs at sustainable levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic climate change and securing the well-being of all people. In the current political-economic regime, no country does so. Here, we assess which socio-economic conditions might enable societies to satisfy human needs at low energy use, to reconcile human well-being with climate mitigation.
Using a novel analytical framework alongside a novel multivariate regression-based moderation approach and data for 106 countries, we analyse how the relationship between energy use and six dimensions of human need satisfaction varies with a wide range of socio-economic factors relevant to the provisioning of goods and services ('provisioning factors'). We find that factors such as public service quality, income equality, democracy, and electricity access are associated with higher need satisfaction and lower energy requirements (‘beneficial provisioning factors’). Conversely, extractivism and economic growth beyond moderate levels of affluence are associated with lower need satisfaction and greater energy requirements (‘detrimental provisioning factors’). Our results suggest that improving beneficial provisioning factors and abandoning detrimental ones could enable countries to provide sufficient need satisfaction at much lower, ecologically sustainable levels of energy use.
However, as key pillars of the required changes in provisioning run contrary to the dominant political-economic regime, a broader transformation of the economic system may be required to prioritise, and organise provisioning for, the satisfaction of human needs at low energy use.
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