ABSTRACT
Aim
To evaluate the incidence, severity and characteristics of aggressive behaviour in patients hospitalized in acute psychiatric wards, as well as the association between patient ...characteristics and the incidence of recurrent aggressive behaviour.
Methods
A multicentre prospective study included all twelve acute wards in Slovenian psychiatric hospitals with a total capacity of 232 beds. Over five consecutive months, data on the number of treatment episodes involving aggressive behaviour and the number of aggressive incidents, their severity and characteristics were obtained using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). Patient- and event-based incident rates of verbal and physical aggression were calculated. The association between patient characteristics and recurrent aggressive behaviour was analysed. Patient characteristics data were extracted from hospital databases.
Results
3,190 treatment episodes were included during a 5-month period. Aggressive behaviour was observed in 13.4% of treatment episodes, and 922 aggressive incidents were recorded, which resulted in 3.98 incidents per 100 occupied bed days and 9.48 incidents per bed per year. 74.1% of incidents were severe, and more than half of incidents included physical aggression. 75.5% of incidents were directed against medical staff. 5.9% of treatment episodes were involved in multiple aggressive incidents. Compared to patients with single incidents, patients with recurrent aggression had a less frequent main diagnosis of substance use disorders and a longer duration of hospitalization.
Conclusion
Monitoring the frequency and characteristics of aggressive behaviour allows comparisons with other studies and, more importantly, it is necessary for planning and assessing the effectiveness of preventative aggression management strategies.
The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18
Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their ...occurrence.
A customized questionnaire was distributed over registration. Independent samples of t-test and chi-square test were used to calculate the differences in risk factors occurrence in the injured and non-injured group. Factors which appeared significantly more frequently in the injured group were included further into multiple logistic regression analysis.
The reported lifetime running injury (absence >2 weeks) incidence was: 46% none, 47% rarely, 4% occasionally, and 2% often. Most commonly injured body regions were: knee (30%), ankle and Achilles' tendon (24%), foot (15%), and calf (12%). Male gender, running history of 1-3 years, and history of previous injuries were risk factors for life-time running injury. In the season preceding the event, 65% of participants had not experienced any running injuries, 19% of them reported minor problems (max 2 weeks absenteeism), but 10% and 7% suffered from moderate (absence 3-4 weeks) or major (more than 4 weeks pause) injuries. BMI was identified as the solely risk factor.
This self-reported study revealed a 53% lifetime prevalence of running-related injuries, with the predominate involvement of knee, ankle and Achilles' tendon. One out of three recreational runners experienced at least one minor running injury per season. It seems that male gender, short running experience, previous injury, and BMI do increase the probability for running-related injuries.
Uvod. Presejanje novorojencev v Sloveniji se je začelo leta 1979 s presejanjem za fenilketonurijo (PKU). Leta 1981 je bil v program presejanja dodan še kongenitalni hipotireoidizem (CH). Cilj te ...raziskave je analiza podatkov presejanja novorojencev v Sloveniji v obdobju med letoma 1993 in 2012 za PKU ter med letoma 1991 in 2012 za CH. Metode. Vzorci krvi so bili odvzeti petim novorojencem med tretjim in petim dnem življenja. Pri presejanju za PKU se uporablja fluorometrična metoda, presejanje za CH pa poteka z metodo DELFIA. Rezultati. Od leta 1993 do leta 2012 je bil presejalni test za PKU izveden pri 358.831 novorojencih. Pri 57 otrocih je bil PKU potrjen. Pri 427.396 novorojencih med letoma 1991 in 2012 je bil izveden presejalni test za CH. Pri 184 otrocih je bil CH potrjen. V navedenih obdobjih je bila incidenca PKU 1:6769 in incidenca CH 1:2323. Zaključki. Uspešna implementacija presejanja novorojencev za PKU in CH je imela pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju resnih zapletov pri obolelih otrocih. Smiselno bi bilo v program presejanja vključiti nove metabolne bolezni.
Introduction. Newborn screening in whole Slovenia started in 1979 with screening for phenylketonuria (PKU). Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was added into the programme in 1981. The aim of this study ...was to analyse the data of neonatal screening in Slovenia from 1993 to 2012 for PKU, and from 1991 to 2012 for CH.
Methods. Blood samples were collected from the heels of newborns between the third and the fifth day after birth. Fluorometric method was used for screening for PKU, CH screening was done by dissociationenhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA).
Results. From 1993 to 2012, from 385,831 newborns 57 were identified with PKU. 184 newborns out of 427,396 screened from 1991 to 2012, were confirmed for CH. Incidences of PKU and CH in the periods stated are 1:6769 and 1:2323, respectively.
Conclusions. Successful implementation of newborn screening for PKU and CH has helped in preventing serious disabilities of the affected children. Adding screening for new metabolic diseases in the future would be beneficial.
Uvod. Presejanje novorojencev v Sloveniji se je začelo leta 1979 s presejanjem za fenilketonurijo (PKU). Leta 1981 je bil v program presejanja dodan še kongenitalni hipotireoidizem (CH). Cilj te raziskave je analiza podatkov presejanja novorojencev v Sloveniji v obdobju med letoma 1993 in 2012 za PKU ter med letoma 1991 in 2012 za CH. Metode. Vzorci krvi so bili odvzeti petim novorojencem med tretjim in petim dnem življenja. Pri presejanju za PKU se uporablja fluorometrična metoda, presejanje za CH pa poteka z metodo DELFIA. Rezultati. Od leta 1993 do leta 2012 je bil presejalni test za PKU izveden pri 358.831 novorojencih. Pri 57 otrocih je bil PKU potrjen. Pri 427.396 novorojencih med letoma 1991 in 2012 je bil izveden presejalni test za CH. Pri 184 otrocih je bil CH potrjen. V navedenih obdobjih je bila incidenca PKU 1:6769 in incidenca CH 1:2323. Zaključki. Uspešna implementacija presejanja novorojencev za PKU in CH je imela pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju resnih zapletov pri obolelih otrocih. Smiselno bi bilo v program presejanja vključiti nove metabolne bolezni.
Cilj: Utvrditi uticaj biometeoroloških faza na incidencu suicida sobzirom na dob, pol, mesto stanovanja, dane u nedelji, mesece u godini, te način izvršenja suicida. Metode: Komparativna analiza ...podataka ispitanika o suicidima (s obzirom na period, mesece i dane u nedelji, mesto stanovanja, dob, pol, prosečnu starost) dobijenih iz Policijske uprave Kragujevac za period 2004-2008. godine i svakodnevnih biometeoroloških faza za grad Kragujevac dobijenih od Republičkog hidrometeorološkog zavoda (RHMZ) Srbije. Rezultati: U posmatranom periodu dogodila su se 144 suicida (14/100.000 stanovnika godišnje). Najviše suicida dogodilo se u 2005. (36), a najmanje u 2007. (24) godini; najviše u januaru i junu (po 18), a najmanje u avgustu (7). Tri četvrtine slučajeva bili su iz urbanog okruženja. Tri četvrtine slučajeva su bili muškarci i to najviše u dobnim grupama 41-45 i 51-55 godina (po 11), a jedna četvrtina slučajeva bile su žene, najviše u starosnoj grupi 61-65 godina života (7). Ukupna je prosečna starost iznosila 54,66 godina. Dve trećine svih suicida izvršeni su vešanjem (93) (od čega su dve trećine bili muškarci), a jedna šestina vatrenim oružjem (88% su bili muškarci). Najviše suicida dogodilo se u biometeorološkim fazama 4 i 9 (po 38), što čini više od polovine svih suicida. Zaključak: Statističkim metodama dobijena je značajna korelacijaizmeđu biometeoroloških faza i incidence suicida, a najviše se suicida desilo u fazama stabilnog sunčanog vremena i naglog prodorafrontova, s naglom promenom vremenske situacije. Preporuka ovog rada jeste striktno poštovanje upozorenja iz svakodnevne bioprognoze koju daje RHMZ Srbije, pa u ovim vremenskim prilikama posebnu pažnju treba obratiti na sve osobe sa suicidalnim tendencijama.
Seasonal Variations of the Incidence of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm at the Territory of the South Serbia Literature data on the association between the incidence of ruptured abdominal aorta ...and seasons are contradictory. The influence of climatic factors on the rupture of abdominal aorta is geographically dependent. The aim of this research was the investigation of the connection between the incidence of ruptured abdominal aorta and seasons at the territory of the southern Serbia. In this retrospective study, 59 consecutive patients, who were hospitalized in the Vascular Surgery Clinic, Clinical Center Nis, between 2008 and 2011, were involved, having the rupture of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. The incidence of the ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was analyzed with regard to calendar years, seasons and months. There was no significant connection between calendar year (χ2 test=3,836, p=0,28), seasons (χ2 test=3,4, p=0,334) and months (χ2test =11,109, p=0,434) and the incidence of the disease. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in the southern Serbia is not related to seasons and months during the year.
Changes in the Incidence of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease - 2000-2010 - Our Experience Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells ...inside a woman's uterus. The aim of the paper was to report the incidence of GTD in the University Hospital Center during a ten-year period. The retrospective analysis involved all medical records of women who were treated for GTD in our clinic. Histopathologic report of abortion specimen with gestational trophoblastic disease was registered and we calculated the incidence of births, abortions and total pregnancies. There were 104 patients who were treated in our clinic. The overall incidence of GTD was 1,26 per 1000 deliveries. According to our experience, a lower socio economic status may be a risk factor for GTD, apart from younger age, at least one delivery and more abortions in anamnesis.
We analyze price responses to large restaurant VAT rate reductions in two different European countries. Our results show that responses in the short and medium run were clustered around two focal ...points of zero pass-through and full pass-through. Differences between independent restaurants and chains is the key explanation for this pattern. While nearly all independent restaurants effectively ignored the tax reductions and left consumer prices unchanged, a substantial fraction of restaurants belonging to chains chose a rapid and complete pass-through. In the longer run, prices converged, but primarily through a price reversion among chain restaurants. The stark difference in price responses does not appear to arise because of different market characteristics such as location, initial price levels, meal types and restaurant segment.
•We analyze price responses to large restaurant VAT rate reductions in two different European countries.•Price responses in the short and medium run were clustered around two focal points of zero and full pass-through.•Differences between independent restaurants and chains is the key explanation for this pattern.•Independent restaurants effectively ignored the tax reductions, while many chain restaurants chose a complete pass-through.•These stark differences do not appear to arise because of different market characteristics such as location or initial price levels.
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